Principles of Nutrition Midterm

All of the following are harmful to the health of a bee colony except

Planting bee-friendly flowers.

The _____ controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Pyloric sphincter

In general, _____ are reliable sources of nutrition information.

Registered dietitian nutritionists

Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine?

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy.

glucose

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

Most food guides classify ____ in the protein foods group

Eggs

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving?

Fat-free milk

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

A person must be ____ to make lasting changes to their food-related behaviors.

Motivated

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is

Niacin

In the US, consumers eat more ____ than recommended.

Protein foods

_____ to investigate that same question can have different findings.

Scientific studies

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept?

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

A small apple supplies approx. 40,000 _____.

calories

Excessive ____ & _____ are signs of diabetes.

Thirst and frequent urination

Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the US?

Tuberculosis

Composting would be an example of which step in a sustainable food system?

Waste recovery

To establish a nutrients RDA, nutrition scientists add ____ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer, and 250 men who are cancer-free, but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

case-control study

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?

ethnicity

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods ________.

from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense?

peanut butter

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

pyloric

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should

replace regular soft drinks with plain water

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.

retrospective

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

retrospective study

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?

whole grains

The US Department of Health and Human Services issues the Healthy People report every ____ years.

10

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 G protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____.

117 kcals

A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kilocalories, which is the same as _____ calories.

16,000

Javier wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

The pH of chyme as it enters the duodenum is approximately

2.

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ______ mg/day.

2300

Foods that are "high fiber" supply ________ or more of fiber per serving.

5 grams

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Childhood experiences

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Crohn's disease

The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to...

Estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate

Fructose

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of

Fruits

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

Glucagon

Which of the following is the most highly branched form of complex carbohydrate

Glycogen

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

Increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should _______.

Increase her intake of fruit

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this info, his

Intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

Iron

The physician who studied pellagra in 1914 was

Joseph Goldberger

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving

Leafy greens

Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Mental confusion and scaly skin sores

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions?

Nutrition is an exact science

The first amendment of the constitution...

Often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation

Consuming a diet that supplies large amounts of certain types of fat increase one's risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a _____ for heart disease.

Risk factor

Chyme is the

Semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the US?

Smoking cigarettes

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate

Soluble fiber

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

Sweet

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

testimonial