Principles of Nutrition Midterm
All of the following are harmful to the health of a bee colony except
Planting bee-friendly flowers.
The _____ controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
Pyloric sphincter
In general, _____ are reliable sources of nutrition information.
Registered dietitian nutritionists
Starting as chyme enters the large intestine, which of the following lists the correct order of the sections of the large intestine?
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy.
glucose
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?
Blueberries
Most food guides classify ____ in the protein foods group
Eggs
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving?
Fat-free milk
You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?
Meatless bean dip
A person must be ____ to make lasting changes to their food-related behaviors.
Motivated
The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is
Niacin
In the US, consumers eat more ____ than recommended.
Protein foods
_____ to investigate that same question can have different findings.
Scientific studies
Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept?
The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.
A small apple supplies approx. 40,000 _____.
calories
Excessive ____ & _____ are signs of diabetes.
Thirst and frequent urination
Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the US?
Tuberculosis
Composting would be an example of which step in a sustainable food system?
Waste recovery
To establish a nutrients RDA, nutrition scientists add ____ of the nutrient to its EAR.
a "margin of safety" amount
A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 adult men who have stomach cancer, and 250 men who are cancer-free, but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?
case-control study
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be
converted into fat and stored
Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?
ethnicity
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a healthy eating pattern includes foods ________.
from all five food groups and oils but limits saturated fats, added sugars and sodium
Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense?
peanut butter
The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.
pyloric
To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should
replace regular soft drinks with plain water
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.
retrospective
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?
retrospective study
Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?
whole grains
The US Department of Health and Human Services issues the Healthy People report every ____ years.
10
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 G protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____.
117 kcals
A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kilocalories, which is the same as _____ calories.
16,000
Javier wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?
2 cups
The pH of chyme as it enters the duodenum is approximately
2.
According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy adults should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ______ mg/day.
2300
Foods that are "high fiber" supply ________ or more of fiber per serving.
5 grams
Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?
Childhood experiences
Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?
Crohn's disease
The Choose Your Foods Tool can be used to...
Estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.
Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate
Fructose
Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of
Fruits
Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.
Glucagon
Which of the following is the most highly branched form of complex carbohydrate
Glycogen
Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should
Increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.
Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should _______.
Increase her intake of fruit
Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this info, his
Intestinal tract does not absorb much fat
Which of the following is a micronutrient?
Iron
The physician who studied pellagra in 1914 was
Joseph Goldberger
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving
Leafy greens
Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?
Mental confusion and scaly skin sores
Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?
Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables
Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions?
Nutrition is an exact science
The first amendment of the constitution...
Often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation
Consuming a diet that supplies large amounts of certain types of fat increase one's risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a _____ for heart disease.
Risk factor
Chyme is the
Semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the US?
Smoking cigarettes
Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate
Soluble fiber
When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue. During the 24 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted
Sweet
The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.
large intestine
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing the herbal supplement Hoodia for weight loss. Lotta Talent describes her own weight-loss successes with the supplement. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.
testimonial
