Procedures exam GI

Single Contrast Study

100-125 kVp

Iodine Contrast Study

80-90 kVp

Double Contrast Study

90-100 kVp

A radiographic examination of the urinary bladder is termed: a. cystography. b. cystourethrography. c. cystoureterography. d. retrograde urography.

A

At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? A ASIS B Iliac crests C 2 inches above the iliac crests D 2 inches below the iliac crests

A

At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum? A L1/L2 B L2/L3 C L3/L4 D Iliac crests

A

Contrast media is a substance used to help differentiate between tissues of similar density. a True b False

A

How much is the patient rotated from the supine for an AP oblique projection of the urinary system? a. 30 degrees b. 35 degrees c. 40 degrees d. 45 degrees

A

In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? A Sims B Trendelenburg's C Lithotomy D Right lateral

A

Osmolality is the measure of total number of particles in a solution per kilogram of water. a True b False

A

The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the: A rugae. B serous. C mucous layer. D submucous layer.

A

The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food. 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. storage A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

A

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: A ileum. B pylorus. C jejunum. D duodenum.

A

The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called: A villi. B rugae. C haustra. D taeniae coli.

A

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: A ileocecal valve. B ampulla of Vater. C pyloric valve. D greater duodenal papilla.

A

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the: A cecum. B rectum. C sigmoid colon. D vermiform appendix.

A

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? A Three B Four C Five D Eight

A

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: A cecum. B ileum. C sigmoid. D ascending colon.

A

What is the central-ray angle for the AP oblique projections of the urinary system? a. 0 degrees b. 5 degrees c. 10 degrees d. 15 degrees

A

What is the recommended position for a male retrograde urethrogram? a. 30° right posterior oblique (RPO) b. 45° RPO c. Lateral d. 2° left anterior oblique (LAO)

A

What structure enables the kidneys to be visualized on plain abdominal radiographs? a. Adipose capsule b. Renal pyramids c. Major and minor calyces d. High volume of blood within the kidney

A

Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine? A Level of the iliac crests B 1 inch above the iliac crests C 2 inches above the iliac crests D At the costal margin/L3

A

Which division of the duodenum contains the duodenal bulb or cap? A First (superior) B Third (horizontal) C Second (descending) D Fourth (ascending)

A

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal? 1. Mouth and pharynx 2. Stomach and intestine 3. Liver and pancreas A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum? 1. AP projection, LPO 2. PA projection, RAO 3. PA projection, LAO A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

A

Which of the following is true regarding positioning of the abdomen for a lateral projection of the urinary system? a. The midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. b. A coronal plane 1 inch anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. c. A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid. d. A coronal plane 2 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane is centered to the grid.

A

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus? A Midcoronal plane B Midsagittal plane C A coronal plane 2 inches anterior to the midcoronal plane D A coronal plane 4 inches posterior to the midcoronal plane

A

Which of the following symptoms is classified as "mild" during a systematic contrast media reaction? a. Itching b. Hypotension c. Extravasation d. Angioedema

A

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? A PA oblique, RAO B PA oblique, LAO C PA axial D AP axial

A

Which term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control? a. Urination b. Urinary release c. Incontinence d. Anuria

A

Air and CO2 are considered what type of contrast? a Positive: Radiopaque b Negative: Radioluscent

B

At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum? A T12/L1 B L1/L2 C L2/L3 D Iliac crests

B

Colloidal suspension / barium contrast will dissolve in water. a True b False

B

For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen? A Sthenic B Asthenic C Hyposthenic D Hypersthenic

B

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? A Sthenic B Asthenic C Hyposthenic D Hypersthenic

B

Functions of the stomach include: 1. storage of food. 2. absorption of food products. 3. chemical breakdown of food. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

B

If you were to take overheads for a stomach exam, due to peristaltis activity, you do not want exposure time to be longer than ________ seconds to avoid motion on the images. A 2 seconds B 0.2 seconds C 4 seconds D 0.4 Seconds

B

The aortic arch and the _____ create a normal indentation seen along the lateral border of the esophagus. A pulmonary artery B left primary bronchus C pulmonary veins D superior vena cava

B

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: left colic flexure. right colic flexure. sigmoid colon. duodenojejunal flexure.

B

The average adult kidney measures ____ in length. a. 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7 cm) b. 4 to 5 inches (10 to 12 cm) c. 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) d. 8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 cm)

B

The concentration of iodine in ionic contrast media is: a. 40% to 60%. b. 50% to 70%. c. 60% to 80%. d. 70% to 90%.

B

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called: A respiration. B peristalsis. C mastication. D deglutition.

B

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the: A pyloric portion. B duodenojejunal flexure. C right colic flexure. D descending region.

B

The esophagus is located ____ to the larynx. A anterior B posterior C inferior D proximal

B

The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the: A pyloric orifice. B cardiac orifice. C cardiac sphincter. D pyloric sphincter.

B

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the: A pylorus. B pyloric sphincter. C pyloric antrum. D ileocecal valve.

B

The normal creatinine level (diagnostic indication of kidney function) for an adult is _____ mg/dL. a. 0.1 to 0.5 b. 0.6 to 1.5 c. 3 to 4.5 d. 6 to 7.5

B

The widest portion of the small bowel is the: A ileum. B duodenum. C jejunum. D sigmoid.

B

What is the length of the large intestine? A 3 feet B 5 feet C 7 feet D 8 feet

B

What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus? A Upright B Recumbent C Seated D Trendelenburg's

B

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines? A Inspiration B Expiration C Suspended respiration D Slow, shallow breathing

B

When referring to contrast media, negative contrast is described as; which of the two statements is the correct definition of this? a Radiopaque: attenuates x-rays b Radioluscent: allows x-rays to pass through.

B

Where is the IR centered for all abdominal images taken during examinations of the urinary system? a. L3 b. Iliac crests c. 2 inches above the iliac crests d. 2 inches below the iliac crests

B

Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? Costal margin Iliac crests 2 inches above the iliac crests 2 inches below the iliac crests

B

Which aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is primarily responsible for the absorption of digestive end products along with water, vitamins, and minerals? A Stomach B Small intestine C Large intestine D Pancreas

B

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrointestinal tract? A Heparin B Glucagon C Demerol D Oral chlorhydrate

B

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for images of the esophagus? 1. Varices better filled 2. Easier to swallow barium 3. More complete contrast filling, especially proximal part A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

B

Which of the following conditions is considered to be higher risk (a contraindication) for a contrast media reaction? a. Hematuria b. Congestive heart failure c. Urinary tract infection d. Renal calculi

B

Which of the following is true regarding inflation of the retention balloon for a barium enema? 1. It should be inflated by the radiographer using fluoroscopy. 2. It should be inflated by the radiologist using fluoroscopy. 3. It should be inflated by the radiologist without using fluoroscopy. A 1 only B 2 only C 3 only D 1, 2, and 3

B

Which of the following occurs in many patients and is defined as an expected outcome to the introduction of iodinated contrast media? a. Moderate itching and sneezing b. Metallic taste in mouth and a temporary hot flash c. Mild condition of urticaria (hives) d. All of the above

B

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? A PA B AP oblique, LPO C PA oblique, LAO D PA oblique, RAO

B

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? A PA B PA oblique, RAO C AP oblique, LPO D AP oblique, RPO

B

Which one of the following drugs is often given before an IVU to reduce the risk of a contrast media reaction? a. Diazepam b. Benadryl and prednisone c. Fluoxetine d. Verapamil

B

Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? A Midsagittal plane B Midcoronal plane C A longitudinal plane 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane D A longitudinal plane 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane

B

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? A PA B Lateral C AP oblique, LPO D PA oblique, RAO

B

At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine? A Midsagittal plane B A longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column C A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side D A longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side

C

For which projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used? A PA B PA oblique C AP oblique D Lateral

C

How many minutes after injection does the greatest concentration of contrast medium appear in the kidneys? a. 1 to 5 b. 6 to 9 c. 15 to 20 d. 20 to 30

C

If a patient experiences laryngeal swelling following a contrast media injection, he or she is experiencing a ____ level reaction. a. mild b. moderate c. severe d. local

C

Methods of performing a double-contrast barium enema include: 1. enteroclysis. 2. single-stage procedure. 3. two-stage procedure. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

C

Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 1. enteroclysis. 2. single contrast. 3. double contrast. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

C

Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions, it is termed: bile. lipids. chyme. biologic catalysts.

C

The amount of time it takes for barium to travel normally through the small intestine (according to Pat's powerpoint) is ? A 1-2 hours B 2-4 hours C 3-5 hours D 24 hours

C

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus? A Sthenic B Asthenic C Hypersthenic D Hyposthenic

C

The drug Lasix is classified as a: a. contrast agent. b. cathartic. c. diuretic. d. salicylate.

C

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the: A cardiac notch. B abdominal esophagus. C cardiac antrum. D esophagogastric junction.

C

The first small intestine image is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium? A 5 minutes B 10 minutes C 15 minutes D 30 minutes

C

The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the: A cecum. B rugae. C haustra. D taeniae coli.

C

The main functions of the large intestine are: 1. digestion of food. 2. reabsorption of fluids. 3. elimination of waste products. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

C

The numerous mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder are termed: a. trigone. b. mucosa. c. rugae. d. vesical mucosa.

C

The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the pyloric: A sphincter. B antrum. C orifice. D canal.

C

The respiration phase for all projections of the large intestine is: A inspiration. B expiration. C suspended respiration. D slow, shallow breathing.

C

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include _____ contrast. 1. no 2. single 3. double A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

C

The stomach wall is composed of how many layers? A One B Two C Four D Five

C

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is: a. Bowman capsule. b. the calyx. c. the nephron. d. the glomerulus.

C

The technique of injecting contrast media into a vein and taking radiographic images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is termed: a. pyelography. b. antegrade urography. c. intravenous urography. d. nephrotomography.

C

The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats? A Two B Three C Four D Five

C

What is the primary purpose of the premedication procedure before an iodinated contrast media study? a. Reduces anxiety b. Permits greater contrast enhancement of kidneys during an intravenous urography (IVU) c. Reduces the severity of a possible contrast media reaction d. Decreases blood pressure

C

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? A AP, LAO B AP, LPO C PA, RAO D PA, LAO

C

Where is the IR centered for images of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium? A Level of the iliac crests B 1 inch above the iliac crests C 2 inches above the iliac crests D At the costal margin/L3

C

Where is the central ray (CR) centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys? a. At the xiphoid process b. At the iliac crest c. Midway between the iliac crest and the xiphoid process d. Midway between the ASIS and the iliac crest

C

Which aspect of the stomach is attached to the duodenum? A Fundus B Body C Pylorus D Cardiac

C

Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach? 1. Fewer images are required. 2. Small lesions are not obscured. 3. The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized. A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

C

Which of the following demonstrates the rectum and rectosigmoid area in a true axial projection? 1. AP axial 2. Left lateral decubitus 3. Chassard-Lapiné method A 1 only B 2 only C 3 only D 1, 2, and 3

C

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? A AP axial B Lateral C PA oblique, LAO D PA oblique, RAO

C

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? A PA B AP C AP, Trendelenburg's position D AP, R lateral decubitus

C

Which technique is used to get contrast medium into the urinary bladder for a cystogram? a. Percutaneous technique b. Physiologic technique c. Retrograde filling technique d. Antegrade filling technique

C

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 ´ 12 inch (24 ´ 30 cm) IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? A The midsagittal plane B A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column C A sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column D A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen

D

All but one of the following statements is true concerning Iodinated Contrast. Which one of the following is not true. A Dissociates into positive and negative ions. B The body can absorb these ions. C The higher the osmolality the greater the chance of reaction. D Absorbs more x-rays than Barium

D

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? A Sthenic B Asthenic C Hyposthenic D Hypersthenic

D

How long is the entire alimentary canal? A 5 feet B 10 feet C 20 feet D 30 feet

D

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? A 40 degrees B 45 degrees C 60 degrees D 40 to 70 degrees

D

How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach? A 1/2 to 1 inch B 2 to 2 1/2 inches C 4 to 5 inches D 3 to 6 inches

D

In some radiography procedures involving the urinary system, the contrast medium is introduced against the normal flow. This is termed: a. infusion. b. percutaneous. c. antegrade. d. retrograde.

D

Normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels in adults should not exceed ____ mg per 100 mL. a. 1.5 b. 5 c. 10 d. 25

D

The American College of Radiology recommends that metformin (a drug used for diabetes mellitus) be withheld for ____ hour(s) following a contrast media procedure. a. 1 b. 8 c. 24 d. 48

D

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees. A 20 to 30 B 30 to 40 C 40 to 50 D 30 to 60

D

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is _____ degrees. A 20 B 30 C 20 to 30 D 35 to 45

D

The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is: A colostomy. B enterectomy. C enterotomy. D enterostomy.

D

The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the: A haustra. B iliacus muscle. C psoas muscle. D mesentery.

D

The term describing the total functioning portions of the kidney is the: a. renal collecting system. b. nephron. c. glomerular capsule. d. renal parenchyma.

D

The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers? A One B Two C Three D Four

D

What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? A 10 to 20 degrees cephalad B 30 to 40 degrees cephalad C 10 to 20 degrees caudad D 30 to 40 degrees caudad

D

What is the correct course of action for the technologist when, during an injection of contrast media, a patient experiences a side effect of mild hot flashes and some metallic taste in his mouth? a. Call for a physician to complete the injection. b. Stop the injection of contrast media immediately. c. Stop the injection but continue the normal imaging sequence. d. Reassure the patient and continue the injection and imaging sequence, while carefully observing the patient for a possible more severe reaction to follow.

D

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? A 20 degrees B 30 degrees C 20 to 30 degrees D 35 to 40 degrees

D

What is the length of the average adult small intestine? A 10 feet B 12 feet C 20 feet D 22 feet

D

What percentage of the population will have a combination of sthenic and hyposthenic body habitus? A 50% B 60% C 75% D 85%

D

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial projection of the urinary bladder (cystogram)? a. At the pubic symphysis b. 1 inch above the upper border of the pubic symphysis c. 1 1/2 inches above the upper border of the pubic symphysis d. 2 inches above the upper border of the symphysis pubis

D

Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1. By mouth 2. Reflex filling 3. Enteroclysis A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

D

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series? 1. AP or PA 2. Lateral 3. PA oblique A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

D

Which of the following is true with nonionic-type contrast media? a. Low osmolality b. The inability to dissociate into two separate ions c. Less chance of reaction d. All of the above

D

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? A Midsagittal plane B A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column C A longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column D A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side

D

Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum? A Midcoronal plane B A coronal plane passing 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane C A coronal plane passing 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane D A plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen

D

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area? 1. Lateral 2. PA axial 3. AP axial A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 1, 2, and 3

D

Which term describes the outer, lateral border of the stomach? A Lesser curvature B Incisura angularis C Gastric border D Greater curvature

D