Professional Exam Situational Practice
provide an enlarged copy of the test
A standard accommodation for visually impaired students is to do what
Refuse the offer but allow the student to use the program during class
A student brings a computer disk that contains right educational games that a teacher needs for her mathematics class to school. The student offers to make a copy of the program for the teacher. What should be the teachers' response to this offer?
diagnostic
A student is struggling in reading and the teacher wants to find out what aspect of reading is making literacy difficult for the child. What sort of assessment should the teacher use?
True
A teacher can admit to the charges and request an informal hearing T/F
True
A teacher can agree to a settlement offer T/F
incorporating a weekly goal sheet that includes pre-planned lessons and individual student progress on assignments and tests; goal sheets are signed by both the teacher and parents each week
A teacher can supplement parent conferences and talking with parents in person as often as possible by doing what, for example?
False
A teacher can write a letter to the school board to review the charges. T/F
True
A teacher has children use their background knowledge to make predictions about a story. T/F this is an example of a learner-centered learning environment
Database software network
A teacher is teaching a unit requiring students to obtain considerable amount of current information on a topic from electronic source. What is the best type of computer network for the purpose?
Guided discovery
A teacher of a class of gifted highly motivated students aged 10-12 is planning a class lesson. The teacher wants students to develop their own concepts and principles for the lesson. Which instructional strategy is most appropriate for this situation?
Differentiated instruction
A teacher provides tiered activities that teach that same standards but at different levels
Asking another teacher
A teacher's best resource for instructional advice is _______________
Reliability (reliability= stability + equivalence + consistency)
A test's _____________ is typically determined by temporal stability (consistency over time), form equivalence (accross different formats) and internal consistency (how consistent test item responses are within the same test).
FLorida School Readiness Uniform Screening System
SRUSS Requires that new kindergarten students in Florida Public schools be assessed for school readiness at the beginning of the school year (ESI-K and DIBELS)
True (based on the Supreme Court decision that no student can be compelled to salute the flag: 1943 West Virginia State Board of Education vs Burnette case).
T/F Students do not need to be compelled to stand for the pledge of allegience
True
T/F Students scores on assessments are an important component of assessing the effectiveness of instructional practices
Gloria Ladson Billings
Termed the coin "Culturally Responsive Teaching" Connecting a student's home culture with their education, and not expecting the same education from every student.
patterned gaps in student knowledge or understanding
Test Scores Student responses during in-class verbal comprehension checks are both ways that a teacher can identify what?
content-referenced tests
Tests that insure that curricula accurately reflect the students' present level of functioning and appropriate goals. Relevant needs should be determined, taking into account such factors as future recreational opportunities, available facilities, and sources of information.
instrinsic motivator
The "attention grabber" part of a lesson planner is crucial because it can be an _________________________________.
are provided time during the work day to participate in professional development are involved in professional learning community participate in sustained, rigorous professional development
The Professional Development Protocol Standards require that teachers:
short term Long term
The best purpose of setting __________________ objectives is to monitor student progress and to keep students on track for _____________ goals
Hearing officer- finding of fact (considerations of evidence presented?) is determined
The complaint and all information obtained during an investigation of an educator by the Florida Department of Education are confidential until?
The Florida Consent Decree
The document that dictates the procedure for identifying and assessing English Language Learners, protects their rights, and outlines steps for monitoring their progress until they exit the ESOL program.
nurture
The environment around us represents _______________
Pennsylvania
The first parochial schools (private school supported by churches) were established in __________________
Middle Atlantic Colonies
The first vocational schools were established by
Probing
The following scenario is an example of which communication strategy? "Students, it was important for our president to meet the leader of China to promote good communication between the leaders of two of the most powerful countries in the world." Teacher: "How would such a meeting promote open communication?"
maintain that native language is maintained and improved while a student is learning their second language
The goal of maintenance of the bilingual education model is to
foster activation of prior knowledge (make connections, leave time and space for students to reflect and discuss deeper meaning in what they are learning).
Two teachers coordinating instruction of different content areas can help to do what?
divergent thinker
Type of thinker who is a careful observer seeing things from different perspective, and looks for meanings of things. Creative thinker; explores all possibilities for solutions.
A periodic review enhance long term memory
What principle is illustrated by conducting a 20 minutes review session each Monday during a class?
The Hawthorne Effect
What teachers expect become reality. What effect is this known as?
Intra-individual knowledge
What the learner knows or understands about themselves
Non-directive statements
What type of statements show a student that a teacher is listening, but not making a judgment or pointing the conversation in a specific direction
Stages of cognitive development
When faced with the need to adapt materials for students to master the objective, what is the important variable to consider?
Get to know the student and family as quickly and thoroughly as possible (build relationships to create trust and to learn more about the student)
When learning that one might receive a student with certain difficulties or struggles, what should a teacher do without knowing why a student is struggling yet?
stop every 10 minutes (or so) to review the content presented
When presenting instructional videos to a class, the teacher should ______________
generalization
_______________ is the ability to use skills that a student has learned in new and different environments. Whether those skills are functional or academic, once a skill is learned, it needs to be used in multiple settings
Situated learning
_________________________ is a matter of creating meaning from the real activities of daily living where learning occurs in a pro-social but informal setting. This notion suggests that learning takes place through social relationships, within a cultural milieu, and by connecting prior knowledge to new contexts.
diagnostic
a benchmark test is a type of what assessment?
dress
a form of non verbal communication
the student is performing above grade level and did as well on that particular test as an average seventh grade student if they took the same assessment
an fifth grader's grade equivalency score of 7.2 in reading a 7.8 in math means what?
shared reading
an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or share the reading of a book or other text while guided and supported by a teacher. The teacher explicitly models the skills of proficient readers, including reading with fluency and expression.
action research (they are not used for grade reports or as a graded assessment)
anectdotal records are used for
barbiturates
any of a class of sedative and sleep-inducing drugs
specific skills based on state standards
any well formed teacher made test should be designed to assess student comprehension of ______________________________________
deductive reasoning
applying spelling rules or guidelines to improve spelling is an example of what type of reasoning?
subjective
are essays objective or subjective?
True
Classroom jobs should be rotated so that evey child has the chance to have each job T/F
True
Classroom rules are most effective when they are presented to the class, clearly posted, then reviewed periodically. T/F
check for agreement among students
Close-ended questions would be appropriate to ________
1. preparation (relating new material to be learned to relevant past ideas or memories) 2. presentation (presenting new material) 3. association (comparisons with former ideas; noticing similarities and difference in order to implant the new idea in the mind) 4. generalization (procedure that develops the mind beyond the level of perception and the concrete) 5. application (using acquired knowledge)
Herbert's 5 Steps to Teaching
send home out-of-field letters informing parents that they do not have the ESOL endorsement (the teacher must also show yearly progress toward getting the endorsement added to his or her certificate).
If a teacher does not complete the course work to get the ESOL endorsement if they have students who are limited English proficiency, they have to do what?
75%
If a teacher has selected 75% as the level to show mastery, the student has to get what percent of the questions correct covering that particilar skill?
termination
If a teacher is arrested for domestic violence, it ends up being unfounded, and does not report the incident, what will happen?
Results in non specifiable professional purpose
If a teacher wants to know the students performance on another teacher's class, the latter can refuse to let him know if?
meet with the principle to discuss sharing it!
If an educator discovers a new online behavior management program that is improving student behavior and providing an easy way to communicate with parents, what should they do?
Florida Abuse Hotline
If any signs of abuse are seen, educators must contact
decline to comment (according to Principles for Professional Conduct for the Educaiton Profession in Florida. It is easy to be misunderstood or have comments taken out of context).
If asked an opinion on newly adapted standards, what should the teacher do?
Ask a reading coach for help
If current reading strategies are not working in your class, what should you do?
Ask students questions about the content
If students are daydreaming during class, the best thing that teacher could do to increase student interest?
inductive thinking
If students are presented with a question "How does competition for resources affect population growth in an ecosystem?" and are then asked to research the topic to find possible answers, they are using what type of thinking?
Plyer v Doe (1982)
Illegal immigrants cannot be denied school enrollement
mistakes
In a success oriented classroom, what is viewed as part of the learning process?
self monitoring their own behavior
In order to maintain good classroom management, one of the most important things a teacher can do is to assist students in _______________________________
deductive thinking
Making Venn diagrams, using a cause and efect organizer, and paraphrasing or summarizing are all examples that require what type of thinking?
1) Physiological needs (food and shelter) 2) Safety needs (security and order) 3) Belongingness and Love needs (affection and affiliation from others) 4) Esteem needs (self respect and worthiness) 5) Self Actualization Needs (self fulfillment and personal achievement)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (In order from most important to last. Need all of the prior ones to reach each level).
fill in the blank
cloze activity is aka
most classroom do not have enough computers for each student (drill and practice programs should be rotated in order to allow equal access for all students)
disadvantage to using drill and practice math programs is that:
John Dewey
discussed the theory of experience humans learn from experiences and past experiences influence how we learn and act in new situation (background schema)
predict, ask questions, clarify, summarize
four steps to reciprocal teaching
Task analysis
gaining increased awareness for subskills that students need for mastering more advanced skills is an advantage of what type of analysis?
simple response
gives a quick, generic response, such as "that is correct"
academic praise
gives specific feedback
outcome data
graduation rates are a part of what type of data?
reflective learning community
group of educators who meet to discuss and improve upon instructional practices to meet the needs of the learners is ____________________
Probing
help elicit more detailed answers from students as they respond to your prompts and questions (help you guide students to either refine or expand on their answers)
advanced organizer
help teachers assess a students prior knowledge and direct student learning by helping the student focus on the objectives of the lesson. They organize thoughts. Example: KWL chart
anticipation chart
helps students to access prior knowledge and focus thinking during a lesson
explicitly
how should idioms be taught?
background schema
humans learn from experiences and past experiences influence how we learn
socratic method
idealism questioning and interacting, uses knowledge and reason (not a hands-on-experience)
self fulfilling prophecy (it can be a powerful tool or a weapon).
refers to the fact that if you tell someone he or she will be successful, that person is more likely to succeed
principal and staff
the school improvement plan is implemented by the ________________________________
denotation
the strict literal meaning of a word
extrinsic motivator
the student is motivated to succeed because of outside factors (ie: reward box)
fishbone diagram
used to analyze cause-and-effect situations
diagnostic tests
used to assess knowledge of prerequisite skills
venn diagram
used to compare and contrast
grade equivalent score
used to describe students' performance in comparison to the performance of an average student at a specified grade level
measures of variability
used to describe the amount of spread
redirects
used to encourage students to agree, disagree, or expand on an answer given by another student. can be used to encourage critical thinking in students, especially after they have given a brief answer.
inverted triangle
used to focus a writing topic
confidence box
used to invite anonymous classroom conversation (and support those shy students!)
concept maps
used to show a relationship between a main theme and supporting ideas
transition statements
used to transition a student form one activity to another
quartile
values that divide an ordered data set into four portions, each of which contains approximately 1/4 of the data
action research
video taping a lesson is considered to be a type of ____________________
Triarchic Intelligence (Sternberg)
view of intelligence that revolves around the interchange of three metacomponents (aspects) of the mind: analytical, practical, and creative
right
visual and kinesthetic global activities use which side of the brain?
auditory visual tactile kinesthetic
what are the sensory modality strengths by which students learn?
Inter-individual knowledge
what the learner knows or understands about others?
intrinsic
what type of motivation helps students work to achieve personal goals?
action research
when a teacher analyzes instructional practices to improve student learning, they are partaking in _____________________________
choral reading
when students read a selection along with the student
group reading
when studentseither read in a small group or with the entire class, each taking turns reading part of the selection
modeled reading
when teachers read aloud they model fluency including tone, rate, and prosody
d
which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. a student that does not complete her homework must stay after school to complete it. b. students find positive comments written on their reports c. the students get to choose where they sit at lunch because of turning in their homework on time for an entire week d. the teacher stops complaining about the messy floor after the students clean it up
the state
who determines the scope and sequence of instruction?
other parents
who elects parents to the school advisory council?
school instructional staff
who elects staff members to the school advisory council?
administration and teachers
who implements the school improvement plan?
district
who selects textbooks for curriculum?
false cognates
words that similar in appearance but different in meaning
Marshall Rosenberg
Who categorizes learners as rigid-inhibited, undisciplined, acceptance-anxious, and creative?
Flavell
Who coined the term metacognition?
Kallison Jr
Who found that retention was increased when a teachers used outlines?
Interactive reading
A reading model that recognizes the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process.
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (1975)
All children with disabilities are entitled to a free public education in the least restrictive environment
True
T/F Statistically, students who have many hands-on experiences in math and science tend to perform better in those areas
linguistic-risk taking
Teachers who want to encourage ESOL students to interact in the classroom should promote what?
True
T/F Heterogenous cooperative learning groups who are given tasks that require them to work together to meet a common goal develop a spirit of community and peer support.
True
T/F Increasing rigor means giving students the opportunity to create, experience, and research on their own?
True (in order to brainstorm possible solutions)
T/F Problem based learning activities require students to used critical thinking skills
Florida Consent Decree
-It addresses the civil rights of ELL students, foremost among those their right to equal access to all education programs. In addressing these rights, it provides a structure that ensures the delivery of the comprehensible instruction to which ELL students are entitled. -It is the state of Florida's framework for compliance with the following federal and state laws and jurisprudence regarding the education of English Language Learner (ELL) students
learning communities
-can be online or within a school or district -provide an opportunity for educators to discuss and improve upon instructional practices -provide valuable insight into alternate instructional practices
Essay response Multiple Choice Question Essay Response
1. What combination of the following assessments would be most effective for evaluating student mastery of factual knowledge and ability to apply the knowledge? 2. Which could be based on discussion, evaluation, or comparison? Short answer response Essay response multiple choice question True/False Question Matching Tables
Bilingual Education Act
1968 the first federal legistlation in the US that recognized the needs of ELL students. It provided school districts with funding, but is not the current legislation that identifies the rights and responsibilities of the school districts when providing services to ESOL students.
orbus pictus
1st children's book by John Amos Comenius
Bruner
3 stages of structuring presentation according to ___________________: 1 enactive (ie: building models of molecules) 2 inactive (ie: drawing molecules) 3 symbolic (ie: write the symbolic representation of molecules)
1 enactive (representation of knowledge through action--> ie: building models of molecules) 2 iconic (the visual representation of knowledge--> ie: drawing molecules) 3 symbolic (use of words and symbols to describe experiences --> ie: write the symbolic representation of molecules)
3 stages of structuring presentation of concepts according to Bruner
same as or better than 80% of a norm group
80th percentile on a standardized achievement test means the student has scored ______
is reading at the level of a third grade student in the fourth month of school
A 3.4 on a reading placement test means that the student
A talks with the counselor today or tomorrow the latest
A 9th grade student responds to overtures of other students with hostility and has extreme mood swings. Which of the following should the teacher interpret as the students need?
The tone of the teacher
A culturally responsive classroom begins with what?
automaticity
A fluency skill that requires reading a word and automatically identifying it
A
A group of middle school students are about to begin a unit on the chemical and physical properties of matter. The best way to prepare the students for the material to be covered is to: A. explain each project that will be completed in the unit and give the students rubrics describing expectations. B. tell the students that they will be responsible for taking notes throughout the unit C. Give the students a vocabulary list before presenting material. D. Let the students know that you will be giving weekly pop quizzes to verify that they are completing their out-of-class reading assignments.
Quantitative methods
A means of gather information that uses numbers for interpreting data
Explain to the mother that the law of privacy protects confidentiality of student's records
A mother insists that her child is gifted and should be placed in a gifted program. When the placement is denied, the mother asked the teacher for the IQ scores of the other children in the gifted class so that she can compare her child score with others. What procedure should the teacher follow?
inductive reasoning
AKA "cause and effect" reasoning or "bottom up approach" because it seeks to start with a small observation or question and works its way to a theory by examining the related issues.
deductive reasoning
AKA "the top down approach" starts with a general statement, theory, or hypothesis , and then works its way down to a conclusion supported with evidence.
speaking and writing (these come second!)
According to Cummins, what are the two productive skills?
reading and listening (these come first!)
According to Cummins, what are the two receptive skills?
Work through one example from the handout with the students
After a presentation of information about an assignment, a teacher realizes that the students did not understand how to complete the handout. Which teacher procedure will be the best solution to this problem?
needs assessment
All Florida teachers are required to create a what?
Language diffusion
An ESOL student applies knowledge of his or her first language in acquisition of English. This is an example of what?
speech emergent
An English Language Learner regularly answers in short but complete sentences. With assistance, there is success in subject-matter classes and basic communication skills are strong. At which stage of second-language acquisition is this student?
close assessment
An alternative to a multiple choice test for reading comprehension could be what?
No
Are teachers required to join a teacher's union?
No
Are teachers required to join an online learning community?
yes
Are the principal and vice principal members of the school advisory council?
Call the office to inform the designated administrator
As she leaves the classroom, Rosaline whispers to the teacher "I think Beth has a knife in her purse". The teacher should first?
Performance based assessments
Assessments that require students to create something or to perform in order to be assessed
Basic Interpersonal Comunication Skills
BICS
Create an outline of class objectives and how each objective will be assessed or measured (teachers refer to these when they want to analyze whether or not the method of instruction is functioning effectively. This is the first step before planning or evaluating the effectiveness of lessons).
Before being able to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional design, a teacher should do what?
Skinner
Behaviorism
Vygotsky
Believes that students learn best when knowledge is scaffolded through the assisstance of a slightly more skilled peer in the student's zone of proximal development
Jerome Bruner
Believes that teaching students to think critically is more important that teaching them basic knowledge
aloud (it forces students to attempt to pronounce unfamiliar words)
Better to read aloud or silently to improve fluency?
Phonemic Awareness Fluency Alphabetic Principle Vocabulary Comprehension
Big Five of Beginning Reading
Evaluation
Bloom's Taxonomy assessing theories, comparison of ideas, evaluating outcomes, solving, judging, recommending and rating.
Comrehension
Bloom's Taxonomy understanding, translating, summarizing, demonstrating and discussing
Application
Bloom's Taxonomy using and applying knowledge, using problem-solving methods, manipulating, designing and experimenting.
cognitive domain (memory and reasoning) affective domain(emotions) psychomotor domain (physical abilities)
Bloom's education objectives (domains)
remember understand apply analyze evaluate create (highest level)
Blooms Taxonomy
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (takes an average of 5-7 years to fully develop)
CALP
Concrete phase (model or demonstrate concepts using tangible materials) Representation phase (introduce representations of tangible materials to practice concepts) Abstract phase (use abstract symbols and words to practice concepts)
CRA approach
Verifies that the student understood the direction
Calling on a student to repeat instructions that were just given serves what purpose?
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA)
Combines cognitive theory with lesson planning and learning strategies to develop content to build the academic fluency of ELL students and is now implemented to help those students who have gained social fluency with English but are struggling with their academic fluency (this is a content centered teaching approach)
True
T/F Software can be copied with the express written permission of the publisher
False
T/F Standards can be differentiated
well below instructional level
If a student cannot successfully read 90% of words in a given text and is showing a low comprehension level, the student is reading at what level?
In many cultures, making eye contact with a superior adult is a sign of disrespect.
If a student does not may eye contact when speaking, it could be because ____________.
orally and in writing (and clearly described)
Directions should always be given ____________________
bad
Discussing how students perform now in school will effect their futures is a good or bad way to deal with performance anxiety in school?
lower level
Does summarizing require higher order or lower level thinking skills?
inductive reasoning
Drawing a general conclusion requires what type of reasoning?
disaggregating (separating/reviewing) student performance in the classroom
Due to limited time available and to funding, professional development should be focused on what?
Critical question technique
During a class discussions, a teacher wants to emphasize significant concepts and information. Which strategy will best achieve this goal?
C
During the introduction of a new mathematics lesson, several student appear uninterested in the lesson. To determine if this is content related, the teacher should: A. send the student(s) to the office B. Redirect student behavior C. Ask students concept questions D. Give students a written quiz
pre-production
ELL student listens and infrequently speaks. He/she may not attempt an answer at all. They are most likely in what stage of second-language acquisition?
early production
ELL students not answering in complete sentences are likely in what stage of second-language acquisition?
intermediate fluency
ELL students who answer in longer sentences with more detail are likely in which stage of language acquisition?
Exceptional Student Education
ESE
Early Screening Inventory - Kindergarten
ESI-K
One, 10
Each teacher must be appraised by administrator at least _________ a year and the administrator must share a written report no later than ________ days after.
6 E Learning Cycle Model
Engagement Exploration Explanation Elaboration Evaluation Esearch
Horace Mann (1976-1859)
Father of American Public Education
24-48 hours
Feedback is most effective when it is given how long after an activity or assessment has been completed?
No
If a student is able to repeat an explanation and/or demonstration during review after a concrete lesson, does that indicate that the student is ready to practice a concept in the abstract phase?
6 +1 Lesson Model
Focus Objective Direct Instruction Guided Practice Independent Practice and Assessment Closure Required Equiptment and Materials
Essay
For a thrity-minute examination, which type of test will achieve both high reliability and greatest coverage of content and skill?
LZ
Former ELL student who exited the program more than 2 years ago
a prerequisite skill
If a student is repeatedly failing a mastery test, he or she may be lacking what?
amphetamines
If a student's behavior changes and he/she seems to be more irritable, argumentative, restless, and nervous in class, that may indicate an abuse of what substance?
No Child Left behind
Gives school districts the right and responsibility to establish programs for English language learners
flower diagram
Has the topic in the center, followed by the five W's on each petal
validity
Has to do with whether the assessment measures what it is supposed to measure.
anticipation chart
Having students evaluate a list of content-area statements as being true or false before teaching a unit, and then having the students re-evaluate their statements after the lesson is complete, is an example of ___________________________
grade book
To analyze areas of need in the curriculum, what should the teacher take a look at?
McKinney Vento Act
Homeless children cannot be segregated. Which act addressed this?
True
Homework for older students should be monthly packets. Homework should not by busy work, but rather include work that will accomplish a variety of purposes. T/F
by identifying gaps in student achievement and then focusing on areas in which the teacher could improve to raise student scores
How are needs assessments created?
5 years
How long are professional certificates valid for?
3-5
How many seconds should a teacher pause after asking a question before calling on a student to answer?
Thoughtfully and on the right concepts (it is impossible to repeat and reteach all information taught during a term. It is useful for teachers to re-introduce concepts that studens may have mastered at one time, but that they do not utilize in class often. The longer students go without utilizing information, the harder it will be to retrieve when they need to do so. Review of major concepts is more helpful because it is impossible to review every minor detail).
How should repetition be used?
reteach the standard and clarify misconceptions
If 72 percent of the class did not show mastery of a fundamental math skill, what should the teacher do?
site license guidelines
If a parent requests a copy of software to use at home with their children, they should first consult the _________________.
email from home could have viruses (best option would be to have the student bring the file in on a flash drive or open the email in a program that will scan for viruses)
If a student asks a teacher if she can email the assignment to school and have the teacher print it out, it is important to be cautious because
send the student to the principal
If a student brings a pint of whiskey to the class, what should the teacher do?
promptly
Incorrect preconceptions or misconceptions should be addressed _________________________.
Yes (but only when the vast majority of the group has demonstrated effort but has either missed the point of an assignment or failed to complete it successfully).
Is it ever appropriate to lower expectations of a student or group of students?
extrinsic
Positive feedback from teachers is an example of what type of motivation?
self monitoring lesson or reading comprehension
KWL chart is best for what?
With it ness Overlapping Momentum Smoothness Group alerting Encouraging accountability High participation formats and Transitions (When On Mountains, Sometimes Get Eerie Head Tingles)
Kounin's 8 Necessary things to manage a classroom
Limited English Proficient
LEP
Limited English Reader
LER
Limited English Speaker
LES
child neglect
Lack of sufficient clothing for the weather consistently dirty body odor constantly hungry (hoarding or stealing food) disorganized thinking All of the above are signs of...................
Booker T Washington
Leading advocate of vocational education for African Americans
True
Metaphors and analogies use slightly different langauge to accomplish the same goal: comparing two unlike things. One of these methods does not need to be used before or in place of another. T/F
National Education Association (world's largest organization of teachers)
NEA
Non English Proficient
NEP
Measurable value that shows improvement
Objectives should include what?
have a reading night where students and parents meet and read and share their favorite poems
One of the best ways for a teacher to get parents reading nightly with students is to do what?
20 inservice points
One semester hour of college credit is equal to how many inservice points?
Problem Solving
PS
8
Piaget believed that most children are capable of logical thinking by what age?
10-12
Piaget believed that students should have already been performing logical thinking for 2-4 years at these ages
Sensorimotor (0-2, object permanence) Preoperational (2-7, pretend play, egocentric) Concrete Operational (7-11, logical thinking) Formal Operations (11+, abstract thinking)
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
Reach, touch, teach
Process Approach Model
coach or mentor
Professional Development Protocol Standards state that the school is required to provide all teachers with a ________________________.
assessment data analysis subject area content school safety
Professional development in the state of Florida may cover what?
Synthesis
Putting information together in a new way, developing a new way of problem solving is which stage of Bloom's taxonomy?
Response to Intervention (1. Primary intervention (who needs it) 2. Strategic intervention (supplementary) 3. Additional intensive intervention (very intensive) )
RTI + the three stages
validity
Refers to a test's ability to measure what it is intended to measure
profession
Reporting harassment in the workplace is part of the teacher's obligation to the ______________________
Reinforce correct usage: make some corrections and serves as a positive model
Several students from culturally different background are experiencing challenges with the use of Standard English. How should the teacher respond to these challenges?
yes
Should assessment be ongoing?
Yes
Should classroom arrangement change throughout the course of a term?
Yes
Should educational values and objectives be foundations for assessment design?
Yes (especially if they are having trouble abiding by the rules)
Should students be involved in classroom rule making?
No
Should teachers expect students to behave in a way that is unacceptable in their native culture even if it is acceptable in the teacher's native culture?
reading comprehension
Skimming Outlining Discussions on upcoming contexts are all activities that support what?
practical intelligence (contextual)
Sternberg This intelligence could be termed "street smarts" and embraces: Ability to apply knowledge to the real world Ability to shape one's environment; choose an environment
creative intelligence (experiential)
Sternberg This is creative thinking which uses: Divergent thinking (generating new ideas) Ability to deal with novel situations
Analytical intelligence (componential)
Sternberg This is the traditional notion of intelligence and includes: Abstract thinking & logical reasoning Verbal & mathematical skills
True (it should never be used to shame or torture the child and should always be connected to the undesired behavior before and after the event. By warning the student he or she will have a better understanding of why removal from the group was necessary).
Students should always be warned that time out is a potential consequence of their actions. The purpose behind this approach should always be to give the student time to think about his or her actions and to understand that certain behaviors are unacceptable in class. T/F
Transfer (due to sharing a similar cultural experience)
Students from the same cultural background may share common knowledge with each other as a result of what?
True (self assessment is critical to comprehension)
Students self assessing their level of comprehension helps the student focus on the lesson objective T/F
-be provided with a heritage language teacher who can answer questions about test directions -have the meaning of individual words or phrases explained to them -have additional time to complete the exam
Students who are English language learners are required to take any state mandated test in English. They may not take tests in their native language. However, they can:
SQ3R strategy for reading comprehension
Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review
True
T/F A teacher can deny charges and request a formal hearing
False
T/F Behavior should be included in report cards
True
T/F Changes can be made to the process, the product, or the learning environment to meet the needs of diverse learners
True
T/F Classroom rules should be consistently enforced and followed by all students
True
T/F Drill and practice problems should only be used to practice previously learned skills
True
T/F Drill and practice programs provide immediate feedback
True
T/F Essay test items should be links to specific objectives (such as discussion, comparison, or evaluation) in order to be effective for test takers or evaluators
False (These situations provide opportunities to teach problem-solving and conflict resolution. The only time that conflicts should be "shut down" are when students begin to accuse or attack one another, in which the teacher should intervene and mediate the conversation outside of class. That conversation is important so that students feel "heard" and can find resolution for thier issues, which could potentially affect class performance if not handled correctly).
T/F Teachers should "shut down" conflicts when they become uncomfortable
True
T/F Teachers should do whatever is necessary to acquire basic knowledge of common symptoms of special needs in children, as well as typical interventions and strategies for instructing high needs students
True
T/F The goal of essay writing is to demonstrate synthesis and application skills.
True
T/F The more enthusiastic teachers are, the more likely students exhibit increased on task behavior
True (If a teacher wants to make a topic more interesting and get students more engaged, he/she should provide a variety of activities for students centered on the given topic).
T/F The more participipatory the class is, the more likely it is that students will engage in critical thinking about what they have learned. They are also more likely to have fun with the material than they would with purely teacher-centered instruction.
False
T/F The most effective assessments are observational and personal in nature; descriptions should be recorded by an educator who knows the student well.
True
T/F The most effective questions are specific in nature, even if the desired response should be elaborative or complex
True
T/F Today's classrooms are often too diverse for teachers to use one educational theory
true
T/F minor traffic violations do not need to get reported
False
T/F portfolios are used to compare student work to others
True
T/F students can be intrinsically motivated to do their best on a writing assignment by allowing them some freedom when selecting the topic.
False
T/F: open ended questions are always constructed response questions
Educate themselves on the testing and intervention process so that they can be a resource and support for the family
Teachers should do what before speaking to parents about a need for further testing?
public
Teachers should not accept or offer gratuity, gift, or favors that might influence professional judgement is part of the teacher's obligation to the ___________________
student
Teachers should not unreasonably deny a student access to diverse points of view is part of a teacher's obligation to the ___________________________
pre-emptive strategies
The key to classroom management is using these strategies to help predict future issues and create management plans around them
activating prior knowledge
The key to coherence between lessons is
social learning theory
The learning theory based on the assumption that people can learn from observing other people's behavior and consequences to those behaviors.
Join an online discussion group conversation about assignment
The most effective strategy for engaging an ongoing dialogue with educators about the assignment of ESOL and ESE students is to?
drawing inferences
The process of reaching conclusions based on implications from students input
design and evaluate the school improvement plan
The role of the school advisory council is to
student improvement
The success of professional development is shown through what?
For the student and the development of the student's potential
What is an educator's primary concern?
Information Processing Theories (sensory memory, working/short term memory, long term memory)
Theories that focus on the process, how the learner arrives at a response or answer. Equates thought processes to the mechanisms of a computer (people merely respond to stimuli). Believes intelligent thinking can be taught.
exit tickets
These should be used to assess what students learn during a lesson and what parts of new material still need to be addresses. They should NOT be used as a formal assessment to document learning gains.
short term objectives
These types of objectives are specific and use words such as "explain, analyze, and comprehenend" ie: by the end of the unit, students should be able to explain their work.
Piaget and Vygotsky
They both found importance in the relationship between peer interaction and cognitive development
deductive thinking
Thinking that involves making conclusions from information that has been given.
Consent Decree (META: Multicultural Education, Training, and Advocacy)
This enactment outlined the measures the state will take to ensure English Languages learners (ELL) students will be provided access to a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE.) It requires districts to: 1. Have a District Plan- Plan for how the district will follow the Decree. This is submitted every three years. 2. Provide basic ESOL instruction- ESOL includes instruction in reading, speaking, listening, and writing English at an instructional level appropriate to the proficiency level and potential of student. 3. Provide home language instructional strategies for the major content areas. 4. Identify interm-staffing and interm-services- Outlines how schools will identify and train teachers that are not ESOL certified and provide appropriate ESOL educational strategies to students served. 5. Parental Involvement- Encourages and provides opportunities for parental involvement and formation of parent groups consisting of ELL (English Language Learner) parents.
The Natural Approach (ESOL) (Krashen and Terrell)
This language approach develops basic communication skills with the way individuals naturally acquire language. Students acquire a new vocabulary through experiences and associations with words because the words are used in meaningful ways and contexts.
Jacob Kounin
This person asserted the difference between successful and unsuccessful classroom managers. Successful classroom managers: proactive in preventing disruptions BEFORE they occurred (unlike unsuccessful classroom managers)
homework
This should be used only as review and as an extension of classroom instruction. It should be used to help transfer concepts to long-term memory.
Qualitative methods
This type of assessment method is focused on understanding how people make meaning of and experience their environment or world
Dewey Piaget Vygotsky
Three Constructivists
Behavior, conditions, and criteria
Three elements to be included in an annual goal on a student's individualized education program are ____________, _____________, and ______________.
A
To ensure that ALL students are aware of assignments for a semester long chemistry class, the teacher should: A. create a course outline and distribute a copy to each student B. Mail a letter to each parent outlining the assignments and when they are due C. Post assignments on the school website D. Write the assignments on the board and ask students to write them down
weekly journals on their thoughts and opinions regarding what they have learned
To further assess student critical thinking, writing, and analytical skills, what could a teacher have students add to their binders with class notes?
Create activities! (This lessens the monotony of a less entertaining subject and engage students interest. It also increases the liklihood of information retention by making the lessons fun and informative at the same time. The more activity the students participate, the more likely it is that they will have better attitudes and gain a better understanding of the material).
To get students excited about a subject or concept and to increase positivity and engagement about it, what should a teacher do?
scores/report cards from the previous year
To group students before the first week of reading instruction, teachers can use what data?
Have the students come up with a list of acceptable rules
To help students accept and follow classroom rules, a teacher could do what?
outline the material at the beginning and review it at the end
To help with student retention of new material, what could a teacher do?
reread books they have already read at their INDEPENDENT READING LEVEL
To increase fluency, encourage students to
120
To renew professional certificates, teachers must earn a minimum of how many inservice points during each renewal period?
Assign the student task to help other students
What is the best way to help students who are shy and insist on being near the teacher whenever possible?
In context
What is the most effective way to teach new academic vocabulary?
Alternating between direct instruction and group/independent activities (direct instruction is usually necessary to present concepts. but this style of instruction will lead to disengagement if not paired with other types of activities. by alternating between activities, students are less likely to become bored or distracted).
What lesson structure will promote the greatest level of comprehension, growth, and retention of concepts?
B (Parents usually have areas of individual expertise or knowledge, often related to their chosen professions. Parent led workshops or lessons provide variety of instruction and incorporate specialized activities that the teacher may lack the knowledge or time to create for her class. Students have the benefit of learning from a variety of individuals with different teaching styles. Parents also benefit from getting to know the students in class and getting an idea of how the children are progressing in skills such as critical thinking).
What activity would be most beneficial for parents who want to volunteer in a third grade classroom? A Assign a parent to assist students who are having difficulties in class and may need extra attention B Allow parents to lead an activity, lesson, or discussion based on areas of personal expertise C Delegate responsibilities such as updating the class website, lamination, organizational tasks, and other non-teaching activities to volunteer parents D Enlist parent to participate in surveys and discussions about their child's learning
Failure to report abuse to the Florida Abuse Hotline is a felony. The teacher is subject to arrest as well as revocation of their teaching certificate.
What are the consequences of not reporting an incident where a student, for example, comes to school with a large bruise on her arm and does not want to talk about it?
The design and delivery of instruction that will impact student learning
What are the most important things to consider when implementing techonology in the classroom?
Brown v Board of Education
What established that equal access does not guarantee equal opportunitiy
review past grades of scores (instruction should be appropirate level of challenge. If course work is too easy or too challenging, the students may lose confidence and/or interest early on. Past work or performance should be reviewed whenever possible because it helps give insight into the students' past instruction and abilities. A teacher should ALSO provide a CURRENT assessment of some type to account for changes in knowledge and retention. A teacher is still responsible for reaching objectives, but will need to begin at an ability-appropriate level for students).
When teaching a new group of students, it is important that the teacher do what in order to design instruction?
yes
When testing for mastery, should students retest on a skill until they can demonstrate mastery?
Dame Schools
Where students in New England were taught the alphabet and beginning reading during the colonial period 1600s
Return test paper to student and go over each question
Which is the best procedure for providing feedback after a classroom test?
d
Which of the following assignments would motivate students by allowing them to explore personal interests? A. After reading the selection, create a cartoon-strip summary of the story. B. Use what you have learned in the preceding chapter to design your own graphic organizer C. Create a help wanted poster to advertise for crew members on Vasco de Gama's expedition. D. Write a five-paragraph essay, using one of the example writing prompts or choose one of your own.
b
Which of the following statements from a teacher would be considered classroom management through the use of negative reinforcement? a. "every time you get out of your seat without permission, you get a mark on your behavior chart." b. "if you would start turning in your homework, I wouldn't have to call your mother every afternoon." c. "If you reach your reading goal, you can recieve an award." d. "Billy, sit still and focus on your work!"
C
Which of the following teaching strategies would best show sensitivity to English Language Learner's language challenges? A displaying the students uncorrected work in the classroom B grouping students by their English knowledge and experience C encouraging safe times to use academic English in class D. Assigning students whose first language is English to tutor their classmates
A
Which of the following would encourage a student to be intrinsically motivated to stay engaged during a lesson? A. "I'll bet you are wondering what is in this box" B. If everyone does their best work, we can go to recess early." C. "Did everyone see what a great job Andrew did on his test?" D. "Every tim you pass a skills test, you will get a sticker on your chart!"
Participation in school improvement meeting
Which professional development opportunities will be best for a new teacher?
Showing students how to make graphic organizer from each chapter
Which strategy is best for a 10th grade teacher to use to improve students comprehension and reading achievement scores?
A (Many parents want to be involved in their child's education, or at the very least are open to the notion that becoming involved will benefit their child. However, most parents do not have the educational expertise or flexibility of schedule that allows them to be at school during the day. Setting up strict parameters about involvement is more likely to discourage them from being involved. However, building relationships , explaining the benefits of involvement, and being flexible about scheduling will likely encourage more involvement. The more parents know about what is happening in class, the more likely they will be able to identify ways in which they can helP).
Which strategy would be least effective in engaging parent involvement in the classroom? A. Sending a letter describing volunteer needs, descriptions, parameters, and times specified for volunteer opportunities. B. Linking certain kinds of parental involvement to specific benefits during parent orientation C Making phone calls or spending time talking with parents informally to build parent-teacher relationships D Holding parent-education workshops so that parents can understand what their children are learning in class and how they can become involved.
Simulations
Which type of software would be best for demonstrating different chemical reaction for a science class?
Student will think clearly and rationally
Which would be long-term goal rather than a course or lesson objective?
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) (explains what inappropriate sites look like as well as consequences for actions)
a parent permission form to allow students to use the internet
thematic unit
a series of activities across the curriculum that focuses on one theme that addresses multiple standards in the same context Can last a couple of lessons, an entire unit, or for an entire semester
performed as well as or better than 70% of the students that took the exam.
a stanine score of 7 indicates that the student _________________
reciprocal teaching
a strategy that allows students to alternate between the role of teacher and student.
Chunking
a teaching strategy that relates similar concepts to one another. Through this strategy, individuals learn to associate facts, objects, or ideas that have common traits, and they also learn to categorize their knew knowledge intellectually.
emphasis
a technique to help students identify and retain significant information
mastery
ability of a student to understand and apply knowledge in various circumstances over the course of time (rather than on just one occasion).
Krashen
affective filter is associated with which psychologist?
The Massachusetts Law of 1647
aka Old Deluder Satan Act 1647 Helped lay the foundation for compulsory education (education required by law) in America
divergent questions (effective teachers ask more divergent questions)
aka open ended questions
speech to text programs
allow students to dictate their work which can later be printed
behavior inventory
allows the teacher to consistently document the number of times a student is redirected during different periods of the day. This is the first step to identifying a problem.
Guided discovery
also known as an inductive approach, a technique where a teacher provides examples of a language item and helps the learners to find the rules themselves.
code switching
alternating use between two language interchangeably
highlighters
an accommodation appropriate for any student to use would be what?
authentic assessment (aka process/product or performance assessment: PROCESS/PRODUCT: science, math, social studies, language arts; PERFORMANCE: music, drama, physical education, art)
assessment that incorporates real life application tasks These should be used MORE often than tests and quizzes
summative assessments
assessments that are used to "sum up" a unit after all instruction has been given. Data from these assessments can be compared to beginning-of-the-year diagnostic data to show gains in student learning.
formative assessments
assessments that assess student mastery while knowledge is being "formed" during a unit. Ie: to assess comprehension of an individual skill in the middle of a lesson or unit
open ended assessments
assessments that require students to explain and defend their answer encourage critical thinking, analysis, and evaluation often there are more than one answers
Placement assessments
assessments used to "place" students into a course, course level, or academic program. For example, an assessment may be used to determine whether a student is ready for Algebra I or a higher-level algebra course, such as an honors-level course.
with-it-ness
awareness of what is happening
Piaget
believed that activities and instruction should be developmentally appropriate for a child's cognitive stages of development
accommodations
changes in how a child is assessed
modifications
changes in what is being assessed
student centered
constructivist classrooms are considered to be _______________________. Students are given opportunities to construct their own meanings.
False (things like compare/contrast, analyzing dialects, etc require higher order thinking but do not require creative thinking)
creative thinking and higher order thinking are the same thing T/F
regalia
cultural items
instrinsic motivator
curiosity is a powerful what?
disaggregated data
data that is based on scores within subsets, such as gender, socio economic status, or nationality
aggregated data
data that provides general, summative information on a group of values or scores. (ie: all of students' scores combined)
pragmatics
deals with the difference between an author's implied meaning and the literal meaning of a sentence based on the social context of the situation
school advisory council
develop school improvement plans
fishbone diagrams
diagrams that show cause-and-effect relationships in a text
informal assessments
exit tickets and teacher observations are an example of what type of assessment?
student
exploiting a relationship with a student for personal gain goes against a teacher's obligation to the ___________________
register
form of language determined by setting and relationship
affective domain
the realm of feelings, emotions, and attitudes of people
extinction
ignoring a students behavior in the hope that the student will allow the behavior to become extinct when it doesn't result in gaining the attention of the teacher
cross curricular planning
increases student interest because it can give relevance to the material
sensory memory
information is gathered via the senses through a process called transduction.
whole language approach
integration of speaking, listening, reading and writing
nature
internal variables represent ___________
multidisciplinary studies (aka interdisciplinary, multi-subject, or thematic instruction)
involves integrating academic fields of instruction
momentum (Kounin?)
keep instruction moving along
group alerting
keeping students' attention
General Derive From specific to GENERAL
key words for inductive reasoning/thinking/teaching
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
law that ensures that children with special needs receive the services they need to succeed.
Krashen's input hypothesis
learners should understand most of what they are learning and that it should be presented at a level just above their ability level
field independent learners
learners who have the ability to percieve objects without being influenced by the background
overlapping (Kounin?)
multi-tasking
alphabetic principle
names of letter and their sound
action research
occurs when a teacher evaluates the effectiveness of teaching methods based on the delivery of instruction and on student scores
proximity control
occurs when a teacher moves toward a student who is off task. This allows them to re focus their attention without distracting the rest of the class by calling attention to the behavior.
negative reinforcement
occurs when something unpleasant is removed as a result of an increase in desired behavior. It allows students to avoid an unpleasant situation.
inductive (because it requires taking specific facts and using them to develop a general conclusion)
personal discovery inventories use which type of reasoning?
exploiting the ripple effect
phenomenon that occurs when a teacher reminds an off task student to get back to work and all the other students also return to their assigned tasks
Cephalocaudal progression
physical development of children proceeds from head to toe
developmentally appropriate practice
practice that takes into account the cognitive, social and physical development of children in order to optimize student learning and promote growth
authentic, low key, and used frequently (not sure about this one? another source said it should be used infrequently?)
praise is most effective when it is ___________, ___________, and used __________.
teaching the standards familiarizing students with test format
preparing students for state assessments (or any test) requires
initial stages of language acquisition
preproduction early production speech emergent instermediate fluency
to provide a means for students to self assess
primary reason for portfolios?
virginia
private schools with no private funding began in which state?
convergent questions
questions that only have one, simple answer
divergent questions
questions that require the use of higher order thinking skills.
deductive reasoning
reasoning from general to specific is what type of reasoning?
active listening
repeating something someone else said is a form of what?
personal discovery inquiries
require students to list characteristics about themselves
creative thinking
requires students to produce orginal, creative material like a short story
deductive reasoning
requires the teacher to present a general overview of material prior to the student drawing a specific conclusion
constructed response.
response that requires the student to construct or create something to answer the question rather than choosing from a list. Generally this is a few words or a sentence, but if can also be as long as an essay. It could even require using symbols, numbers, and images to answer questions.
Office of Professional Practice Services
responsible for investigating alleged misconduct by educators
egocentric
sees the world from their own point of view
scatter plot
shows the relationship between two different sets of data
Guided Reading
small-group reading instruction designed to provide differentiated teaching that supports students in developing reading proficiency. The small group model allows students to be taught in a way that is intended to be more focused on their specific needs, accelerating their progress.
smoothness (Kounin?)
smooth transitions
pre production
stage of language acquisition that is characterized by a silent period during which the student listens but rarely speaks
early production
stage of language acquisition where short answers will be used and students will begin to learn to correctly pronounce words, even though errors will be frequent
speech emergent
stage of language acquisition where studnets a verbally articulate but are still struggling with academic langauge
inductive thinking
starts with a questions, then student must find the answer through experimentation or research. Sherlock Holmes was famous for this type of thinking.
inductive reasoning
starts with clues and students must develop a generalized explanation
linguistics
structural aspects of language
internal locus of control
students believe that events they experience are under their own control
external locus of control
students believe that they are under the control of other people and forces outside of themselves
a variety of contexts
students best learn vocabulary words when using them in _____________________________
content extensions
students have the opportunity to take the learning process beyond information presented by the teacher inside the classroom. This is called using what?
transfer
students of like cultures of exhibiting similar skills and knowledge. This could be due to the impact of cultural knowledge on ________________
No Child Left Behind
students whose first language is not English must be tested in English
natural world
students with a naturalistic intelligence function best when the subject matter concerns things found in the ______________________________
group activities
students with a strong interpersonal intelligence will enjoy what type of activities?
visual/spatial intelligence
students with this type of intelligence will tend to think in images rather than in words and sounds
phonology
study of speech sounds
syntax
systematic arrangement of words in a sentence
public
teachers should take precautions to distinguish between personal views and those of any educational institution or organization with which the individual is affiliated is part of the teacher's obligation to the __________________
jargon
technical language
grade equivalent score
tells how well a student tested compared to another grade level (for example, a fifth grade student who scored a 7.6 of this type of score means that he/she scores as well as a 7th grader in the 6th month of school would score on the SAME 5th grade test).
criterion referenced
test of mastery based on standards
Norm referenced tests
tests that limit the number of students who can do well
diagnostic tests
tests used for placement
reversability
the ability to mentally reverse an operation
conservation
the ability to recognize that number, length, quantity, area, mass, wieght, and volume of objects has not necessarily changed even though they appear to have changed.
self efficacy
the belief in one's capabilities to achieve a goal or outcome students with a strong sense of this are more likely to challenge themselves with difficult tasks and be intrinsically motivated
spreadsheet!
the best way to keep a running, averaged record of student scores thoughout the year
in context!
the best way to present vocabulary is how?
phonics
the connection between sounds and letters on a page
Z score
the distance in the standard deviations from the mean of the scores on the assessment (raw score-mean / standard deviation)
connotations
the feelings that are associated with a word
satisfy wants and needs of others
the instrumental function of language is what?
Tracking
the practice of putting schoolchildren in groups of the same age and ability to be taught together this practice perpetuates educational inequality
rehearsal
the practice of repeating information or making concepts more memorable by repetition. (songs and rhyme can help especially with more difficult or complex concepts).
lexicon
the vocab used in a particular profession or subject
multiple intelligences (Howard Gardner)
there are many ways of knowing, all equal to one another. Each student will learn in his or her own manner
formative assessments
these assessments are given during a lesson to evaluate student progress
cooperative learning groups
these should be temporary, have mixed ability levels, and be as diverse as possible
field independent learners
these type of learners may be passive during social events
long term objectives
these types of objectives deal with longer term concepts and deal more with abstract concepts and use words such as "identify, connect and comprehend".
summative assessment
this assessment is given at the end of a lesson or unit
authentic engagement
this type of engagement brings a concept to life
field dependent learner
this type of learner processes information holistically, has difficulty separating specific parts from a situation or pattern, and is able to see relational concepts.
longterm memory
this type of memory is said to be unlimited and permanent
inductive reasoning
this type of reasoning is perfect for inquiry-based, project-based, and problem-based learning.
heuristic function
to assert identity, make choices, and take responsibility
regulatory function
to control the behaviors of others
consult the site license
to find out if you can make copies of a software program,
discovery learning
type of learning that is a project based learning inquiry, learner centered approach, activate prior knowledge
theme (not the same as the topic!)
underlying message in a story is the _________________
formative assessments
ungraded assessments
pragmatics
use of language in social contexts
