Professional Practice 1

According to Kelly's Criteria for the nursing profession, services should involve a high level of intellectual activities and individual responsibility, also known as __________________. A. accountability B. association C. alturism D. autonomy

A. accountability Accountability- responsibility for one's behavior Association- organization of members with common interests Altruism- unselfish concern for the welfare of others Autonomy- self-determination. control of one's own profession practice Pg. 55

Which of the following is true regarding state nurse practice acts? A. They may never be updated or changed. B. They regulate how many professional nursing organizations may be formed. C. They define the legal boundaries of nursing practice in each state. D. They define the scope and practice of physicians in that state.

C. They define the legal boundaries of nursing practice in each state. **Nurse practice acts define the practice of professional nursing in each state.

Which of the following nursing responsibilities can never be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? A. Interpreting results of lab work B. Taking vital signs C. Setting up a meal tray D. Giving AM care

A. Interpreting results of lab work **Interpretation of data is not part of the training of UAP

A nursing student says to the clinical faculty "I need your help in guiding me through this catheterization since I've never done this procedure with a patient." In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student? A. Stage I: Unilateral dependence B. Stage II: Negativity/independence C. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality D. Stage IV: Interdependence

A. Stage I: Unilateral dependence **In Stage I, students rely on external controls and teachers. pg. 95

During the Great Depression Era, many hospitals: A. hired unemployed graduate nurses willing to work for minimal pay. B. increased in numbers and only admitted patients that were severely ill. C. hired student nurses to serve the needs of the growing patient population. D. opened more schools of nursing to increase the nursing workforce.

A. hired unemployed graduate nurses willing to work for minimal pay. pg. 33-4

Which of the following is an important way to prevent legal action against yourself as a nurse? A. Never make a mistake. B. Be caring and develop therapeutic and professional relationships with your patients. C. Avoid explaining nursing procedures to patients. D. Deflect blame from yourself as much as possible.

B. Be caring and develop therapeutic and professional relationships with your patients. **Establishing and maintaining good communication and rapport with patients not only is an aspect of best practice but also protects the nurse from lawsuits.

Which of the following are effective ways for a new nurse to cope with reality shock in nursing? (Select all that apply) A. Call in sick at least monthly B. Find a nursing mentor C. Volunteer to work extra hours and shifts regularly D. Care for yourself and strive for balance E. Talk to other new graduates

B. Find a nursing mentor D. Care for yourself and strive for balance E. Talk to other new graduates Pg. 101

Which early nursing leader founded the American Red Cross? A. Dorothea Dix B. Lavinia Lloyd Dock C. Clara Barton D. Florence Nightingale

C. Clara Barton

Several factors influence the international migration of nurses to the United States except which of the following? A. Dissatisfaction with US political views B. Increased pay C. Better working conditions D. Opportunities for career development

A. Dissatisfaction with US political views **International nurses also have political instability in their home countries, which pushes them to leave. Pg. 146

During which era was the Nurse Cadet Corps created to train student nurses and provide financial support to student nurses who committed to serve in the war? A. WWI B. The Vietnam War C. The Civil War D. WWII

D. WWII pg. 34

Which of the following best describes the difference between an occupation and a profession? A. A profession requires a duty to serve. B. In a profession, work is largely manual. C. In a profession, decisions are typically based on trial and error. D. A profession is defined by members' average income.

A. A profession requires a duty to serve. **Profession is defined as a duty, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed service to society and possesses characteristics of expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility. **Occupation is a person's principle work or business

The central question in any charge of malpractice is whether or not the prevailing standard of care was met. Which of the following are TRUE about the "standard of care"? (Select all that apply) A. Current nursing textbooks, nursing journal articles, and hospital policy and procedure manuals assist in defining the standard of nursing care B. Standards of nursing care are determined by a team of physicians in each hospital. C. Standards of nursing care are based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence or "do no harm". D. The standard of nursing care was established by Florence Nightingale in her Notes on Nursing and can never be changed. E. The standard of nursing care is what the reasonably prudent nurse, under similar circumstances, would have done.

A. Current nursing textbooks, nursing journal articles, and hospital policy and procedure manuals assist in defining the standard of nursing care C. Standards of nursing care are based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence or "do no harm". E. The standard of nursing care is what the reasonably prudent nurse, under similar circumstances, would have done. pg. 110 **The standard of care reflects a basic minimum level of prudent care for the nurse based on the ethical principle of nonmaleficence or "to do no harm" and the national standards of nursing relevant to the situation at that time.

The Goldmark Report focused on what aspect of nursing? A. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings B. Increasing numbers of physicians teaching in nursing programs C. Consistency in theory content across diploma programs D. Consistency in length of nursing education programs

A. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings **The Goldmark Report focused on clinical learning experiences of students, hospital control of schools of nursing, desirability of establishing schools of nursing in universities, lack of funding for nursing education, and lack of qualified faculty. pg. 69

A definition of nursing is essential because it (select all that apply): A. Differentiates nursing from other health occupations B. Helps state nurse practice acts reflect the changing roles of nurses C. Clarifies the purposes and functions of the nurses D. Informs potential students of exactly what nurses do. E. Guides educational preparation and theory development

A. Differentiates nursing from other health occupations B. Helps state nurse practice acts reflect the changing roles of nurses C. Clarifies the purposes and functions of the nurses E. Guides educational preparation and theory development **A definition is important because it allows nurses, other health care providers, policy makers, and others in the community to better understand what nurses do.

Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing? A. Lillian Wald B. Clara Barton C. Isabel Hampton Robb D. Margaret Sanger

A. Lillian Wald **Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement—the first formalized public health nursing project. Pg. 30

Which of the following is an example of informal socialization into the nursing profession? A. Listening to nurses on a clinical unit discuss ways of dealing with a patient care issue B. Performing a physical assessment on a patient in the clinical simulation lab C. Taking an extra health-related class in nursing school as an elective D. Teaching a patient in clinical about taking warfarin (Coumadin) under the supervision of your clinical faculty

A. Listening to nurses on a clinical unit discuss ways of dealing with a patient care issue **Informal socialization into the role of a nurse occurs when the student learns from the nurse in an informal, unplanned way. pg. 92-3

Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse? A. Mary Eliza Mahoney B. Hazel Johnson-Brown C. Jessie Sleet Scales D. Mary Seacole

A. Mary Eliza Mahoney **Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American professional nurse; she was educated at the New England Hospital for Women and Children. pg. 28

Which of the following elements of a cause of action must be proved to constitute negligence on the part of the nurse? (Select all that apply) A. The harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care. B. The nurse intended (intent) to injure the individual. C. The nurse is found to have failed to meet the standard of care (breach). D. Harm to an individual (injury) has occurred. E. The nurse assumed the responsibility (duty) for the patient's care.

A. The harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care. C. The nurse is found to have failed to meet the standard of care (breach). D. Harm to an individual (injury) has occurred. E. The nurse assumed the responsibility (duty) for the patient's care. Pg. 110 **The nurse assuming the resposibility for the patients' care, the nurse failing to meet the standard of care, harm occuring to an individual and the harm being shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care are the four elements that need to be present to support the charge of malpractice.

Which of the following is an important advantage of distance learning? A. It allows students to set their own learning objectives. B. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting. C. It allows a student to take courses without clinical components. D. It allows universities to offer more classes with fewer faculty.

B. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting. **Distance education allows flexibility, particularly for working people in locations where there is no campus, and enables them to return to school. pg. 76

Which document outlines the expectations of the professional nursing role, and delineates the standards of care and associated competencies of a professional nurse? A. Nursing's Social Policy Statement: The Essence of the Profession (ANA, 2010) B. Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2e (ANA, 2010) C. Knowledge, Skills, and Boundaries of the Professional Nurse (AMA, 2008) D. Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2001)

B. Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2e (ANA, 2010) pg. 58

Which of the following strategies may help to overcome reality shock in a new nurse? A. Moving to a different clinical unit after 3 months. B. Participating in a preceptorship program with a more experienced nurse. C. Returning to graduate school immediately after graduation. D. Sharing your feelings and thoughts about your work and coworkers with your patients.

B. Participating in a preceptorship program with a more experienced nurse. **Participating in a preceptor program can help a novice assimilate more smoothly into the registered nurse role. pg. 101

A nursing student asks "Why do I have to go to clinical in obstetrics when I know I'll never work with women and children?" In which stage of Cohen's model of professional socialization is this student? A. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality B. Stage II: Negativity/independence C. Stage IV: Interdependence D. Stage I: Unilateral dependence

B. Stage II: Negativity/independence **In Stage II, students begin to question authority figures and overestimate their ability to care for complex patients. pg. 95

A nurse has been out of school for 3 years. He feels knowledgeable and organized. He is able to manage multiple patient care tasks simultaneously. However he is not able to easily recognize subtle changes in his patients' condition yet.This nurse illustrates which of Benner's stages of nursing proficiency? A. Stage I: Novice B. Stage III:Competent practitioner C. Stage IV: Proficient Practitioner D. Stage V: Expert practitioner

B. Stage III:Competent practitioner **At the competent level, nurses have 2-3 years of clinical experience, feel competent and organized and coordinate several tasks simultaneously pg. 96

Black illustrates concepts of preventing burnout by using the example of a flight attendant instructing persons to "put your own oxygen mask on first." What does this statement mean? A. Airway is always a priority in patient care. B. Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse. C. Ask others for help if you feel overwhelmed by your first position as a nurse. D. Oxygen is the most important element of life.

B. Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse. **Taking care of yourself will allow you to better care for others.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the demographics of the nursing profession today? A. The number of men entering the profession is declining. B. The majority of nurses are white, non-hispanic females. C. The average age of graduates from all nursing programs is 21. D. The largest racial/ethnic disparity between the US general population and the RN population is seen with Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders.

B. The majority of nurses are white, non-hispanic females.

The first nursing schools in the United States were established by hospitals for the primary purpose of A. standardizing the curriculum for the education of professional nurses. B. staffing the hospitals that operated the education programs. C. providing advanced educational opportunities for women. D. educating nurses to care for the sick in their homes.

B. staffing the hospitals that operated the education programs. **In the hospitals there were few paid staff nurses, and most of the care was provided by the nursing students.

Which statement about the regulation of nursing practice is correct? A. Every state and territory has adopted the same set of rules and regulations for nursing practice. B. Rules and regulations governing nursing practice are established by the American Medical Association. C. Each state has the authority to enact a law governing nursing practice. D. The U.S. Constitution includes provisions for regulating the practice of nursing.

C. Each state has the authority to enact a law governing nursing practice. **States have the authority to make laws to maintain public order, and the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the state.

This is a process by which professionals reflect on and develop ways of practicing that provides an integrated and cohesive answer to the needs of the client/family/population involving various professions. A. Professionalization B. Professional Commitment C. Interprofessionality D. Collective Identity

C. Interprofessionality Interprofessionality- teamwork & practice across disciplines using competencies centra to all healthcare professions. Professionalization- an occupation evolves to professional status Collective ID- connection & feeling of similarity individuals in a particular group; group ID

Which of the following is an example of formal socialization into the role and responsibilites of a nurse? A. Attending a student nurses' association meeting B. Hearing two nurses discussing how to organize the care of a patient more effectively C. Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance as part of a nursing course D. Unplanned observation of a nurse comforting a child after a painful procedure

C. Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance as part of a nursing course **Formal socialization includes planned activities to gain knowledge and skills needed by the nurse. pg. 93

The Magnet Recognition Program was established to A. congratulate hospitals that achieve less than 10 adverse events yearly. B. recognize schools of nursing that have at least a 90% pass rate for first time NCLEX test takers. C. acknowledge hospitals that attract and retain nurses, while demonstrating superior patient centered care. D. honor individual nurses who have excelled in their particular field of nursing practice.

C. acknowledge hospitals that attract and retain nurses, while demonstrating superior patient centered care. pg. 56

A barrier to professionalism attributed to nursing's roots in altruism is illustrated when a nurse: A. questions a medication order written by a physician. B. needs to seek approval from the charge nurse to give a PRN medication. C. feels guilty when expecting to be paid well for the work he does. D. takes time to listen to a patient's fears about surgery.

C. feels guilty when expecting to be paid well for the work he does. **As with other helping professions practitioners, the value of altruism frequently makes nurses feel guilty or greedy for expecting compensation for the complex and demanding work they do. pg. 53

Although prospective nursing student Ryan only holds a Bachelor's degree in Psychology, he is still admitted to an accelerated MSN (masters in nursing) program. This is an example of what type of program? A. traditional MSN program B. articulated nursing program C. generic master's degree program D. external degree program

C. generic master's degree program pg. 76

What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act of 1946? A. It provided women in the service with military rank. B. It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service. C. It created the Cadet Nurse Corps. D. It established funding for the construction of hospitals after World War II.

D. It established funding for the construction of hospitals after World War II. pg. 34

Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today? A. Education for nursing should take place in hospital-based programs. B. Education for nursing does not have to be evidence-based. C. Minimum preparation for technical nursing practice should be the licensed practical/vocation nurse (LPN/LVN) diploma. D. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree.

D. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree. **The issue of minimum educational requirement for entry into practice is not likely to change until there are safeguards in place that ensure that all nurses currently in practice continue to feel that they are valued members of the profession.

In which situations should the legality of an informed consent be questioned? A. Patient who is anxious, asks multiple questions of the physician, and then signs the consent B. Patient with dementia; consent given by spouse C. Patient who expresses concern about the cost of the procedure while signing the consent D. Patient who receives a preoperative dose of Demerol and becomes sedated before giving consent

D. Patient who receives a preoperative dose of Demerol and becomes sedated before giving consent **Patients cannot be sedated or impaired and legally give informed consent. Pg. 113-4

Which of the following actions is acceptable as an exception to a nurse's obligation regarding confidentiality? A. Leaving printouts of patients' lab reports on the nursing station desk for the physician to review on his rounds B. Discussing a patient's condition in a public place as long as the patient's name is not mentioned C. Discussing a patient's care with their friends who do not know the patient D. Reporting certain communicable diseases and child abuse to the appropriate authorities

D. Reporting certain communicable diseases and child abuse to the appropriate authorities **Exceptions to confidentiality include reporting child abuse and certain diseases to the appropriate authorities to protect the community. Pg. 114-5

Which of the following is a nursing responsibility regarding informed consent? A. Ensuring that the physician has completely explained the costs of the procedure. B. Canceling the procedure if the patient has questions about it. C. Explaining the details of the procedure, risks, and treatment alternatives. D. Serving as a witness to the patient's consent.

D. Serving as a witness to the patient's consent. **The nurse can serve as a witness in informed consent.

Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States? A. Florence Nightingale collected data on sanitation in Chicago's poorest districts. B. There was an agreement for the creation of team nursing to combat nursing shortages. C. The American Nurses Association was formed to oversee nursing education in the United States. D. Several influential nursing leaders met and created the precursor to the National League for Nursing (NLN) to address nursing education issues.

D. Several influential nursing leaders met and created the precursor to the National League for Nursing (NLN) to address nursing education issues. **The organization today known as the National League for Nursing (NLN) was formed to address issues in nursing education. pg. 29

Schools of nursing like the Loewenberg School of Nursing participate in a voluntary review process that ensures that the program meets national standards for quality nursing education. This process is known as: A. regulation. B. certification. C. licensure. D. accreditation.

D. accreditation. Certification- validation of specific qualifications demonstrated by an RN in a defined are of practice. Accreditation- voluntary review process of educational programs/service agencies by professional organizations. Licensure- agency of government grants permission to qualified people to engage in the given profession. pg. 77

According to your textbook, the most common reason that nurses have their license suspended by state boards of nursing is: A. delegating care to the wrong unlicensed assistive personnel. B. making medication errors. C. abandoning patients. D. practicing nursing while impaired.

D. practicing nursing while impaired. **The most common reason that the state board suspends a nurse's license is for practicing while impaired.

One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital-based RNs is that they: A. provide training to staff nurses so they can move seamlessly across different nursing units. B. encourage nurses to move into management and leadership positions within the organization. C. encourage RNs to become politically active and guide the profession of nursing. D. promote career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside.

D. promote career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the bedside. **Clinical ladder programs allow nurses to advance professionally while remaining at the bedside. pg. 6

All of the following are barriers to Advanced Practice Nurses except: A. laws were enacted to limited their scope of practice. B. there is an overlap between traditional medicine and nursing functions. C. organized medicine is against efforts to recognize nurses as independent health care providers receiving direct payment for their services. D. there is a low patient acceptance rate and they are more costly to the patient than visiting a physician.

D. there is a low patient acceptance rate and they are more costly to the patient than visiting a physician. pg. 18

The nurse is working in a compact state which differs from the licensing state. The nurse is subject to the nurse practice act in the state where she is licensed, not where she is practicing? (True or False) True or False

False

If there is shortage in primary care providers, PhD prepared nurses can be utilized in a variety of clinical settings to combat this issue. True or False?

False **DNP nurses are used in the clinical setting as primary care providers.

The Flexner Report was written to draw attention to and reform the low standards for admission and graduation of nursing schools around the country. True or False?

False pg. 52 **Describes characteristics of all true professions

A new RN has been out of school for only 6 months. She relies heavily on her preceptor for guidance in working with her patients. She asks many questions throughout her shift, and tells her preceptor that she is "scared to death" that she is going to hurt her patient prior to performing basic nursing procedures. In which stage of Benner'sNovice to Expert would you classify her level of proficiency? A. Stage I: Novice B. Stage III: Competent C. Stage IV: Proficient D. Stage V: Expert

Stage I: Novice **Novice tends to see actions in isolation and needs close instruction, has textbook knowledge and difficulty connecting it to practice. Has many questions and insecurities in clinical practice. pg. 96

Professional growth as a nurse begins during nursing school and evolves throughout the different stages of a nurses' career. True or False?

True

The two amendments to the 1965 Social Security Act ensured access to health care not only to the elderly but also to those who are economically disadvantaged or physically disabled. True or False?

True **For elderly, poor, disabled Americans. Resulted to Medicare and Medicaid. pg. 34

One of Kelly's Criteria that supports nursing being a profession includes nursing increasing their body of knowledge through research such as evidence-based practice. True or False?

True pg. 55

The nurse is attending a lecture on the advancements in telehealth. Which statement from a colleague indicates that the teaching has been effective? A. "Telehealth is a separate nursing specialty." B. "Patient data cannot be remotely monitored." C. "Telehealth expands healthcare access to underserved populations."

c) "Telehealth expands healthcare access to underserved populations." pg. 14-15