Programming Logic and Design 3rd Edition Chapter 1 Review

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machine language

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

byte

A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

0

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: ______

bits

A byte is made up of eight _____.

an input device

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called ____.

main memory, or RAM

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

ASCII

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _____.

F

A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed. (T/F)

secondary storage

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called ____.

output device

A video display is a(n) _____ device.

compiler

A(n) _______ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

program

A(n)______ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

Unicode

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is ____.

T

An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. (T/F)

T

Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number. (T/F)

F

Assembly language is considered a high-level language. (T/F)

machine language

Computers can only execute programs that are written in ____.

syntax

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?

a stream of binary numbers

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see ____.

F

Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.(T/F)

binary

In the ______ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

decode

In the _______ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

the binary numbering system

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

the central processing unit (CPU), main memory, secondary storage devices, input devices, and output devices

List the five major components of a computer system.

T

Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands. (T/F)

T

Main memory is also known as RAM. (T/F)

two's complement

Negative numbers are encoded using the ____ technique.

floating-point

Real numbers are encoded using the _____ technique.

assembler

The ______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

main memory AKA random access memory (RAM)

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in ____.

the CPU

The part of a computer that runs programs is called _____.

hardware

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ______.

syntax

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called _____.

pixels

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called ___.

key words

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______.

RAM

This is a volatile type of memory that is only for temporary storage while a program is running.

microprocessors

Today, CPUs are small chips known as _____.

one byte

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

digital data is data that is stored in binary, and a digital device is any device that works with binary data

What do the terms "digital data" and "digital device" mean?

an interpreter

What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?

a utility program

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

a compiler

What do you call a program that translates a high-level program into a separate machine language program?

a bit

What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off?

Unicode

What encoding scheme is extensive to represent all the characters of all the languages in the world?

the operating system

What fundamental set of programs controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

a program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

What is a program?

it is an alternative to machine language, instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics

What is assembly language?

hardware is all of the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of

What is hardware?

It is an encoding scheme that uses a set of 128 numeric codes to represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters. These numeric codes are used to store characters in a computer's memory.

What is the purpose of ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)?

the CPU

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

input device

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

output device

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

secondary storage

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

main memory

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

a syntax error

What type of mistake is usually caused by misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

a high-level language

What type of programming languages allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

the fetch-decode-execute cycle

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

F

Windows Vista, Linux, UNIX, and Mac OSX are all examples of application software. (T/F)

application software

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

F

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs. (T/F)


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