Programming Logic and Design 3rd Edition Chapter 1 Review
machine language
A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?
byte
A ______ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.
0
A bit that is turned off represents the following value: ______
bits
A byte is made up of eight _____.
an input device
A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called ____.
main memory, or RAM
A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?
ASCII
A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _____.
F
A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed. (T/F)
secondary storage
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called ____.
output device
A video display is a(n) _____ device.
compiler
A(n) _______ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.
program
A(n)______ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
Unicode
An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is ____.
T
An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. (T/F)
T
Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number. (T/F)
F
Assembly language is considered a high-level language. (T/F)
machine language
Computers can only execute programs that are written in ____.
syntax
Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?
a stream of binary numbers
If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see ____.
F
Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.(T/F)
binary
In the ______ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.
decode
In the _______ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.
the binary numbering system
In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?
the central processing unit (CPU), main memory, secondary storage devices, input devices, and output devices
List the five major components of a computer system.
T
Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands. (T/F)
T
Main memory is also known as RAM. (T/F)
two's complement
Negative numbers are encoded using the ____ technique.
floating-point
Real numbers are encoded using the _____ technique.
assembler
The ______ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.
main memory AKA random access memory (RAM)
The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in ____.
the CPU
The part of a computer that runs programs is called _____.
hardware
The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ______.
syntax
The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called _____.
pixels
The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called ___.
key words
The words that make up a high-level programming language are called ______.
RAM
This is a volatile type of memory that is only for temporary storage while a program is running.
microprocessors
Today, CPUs are small chips known as _____.
one byte
What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?
digital data is data that is stored in binary, and a digital device is any device that works with binary data
What do the terms "digital data" and "digital device" mean?
an interpreter
What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?
a utility program
What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?
a compiler
What do you call a program that translates a high-level program into a separate machine language program?
a bit
What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off?
Unicode
What encoding scheme is extensive to represent all the characters of all the languages in the world?
the operating system
What fundamental set of programs controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?
a program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
What is a program?
it is an alternative to machine language, instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics
What is assembly language?
hardware is all of the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of
What is hardware?
It is an encoding scheme that uses a set of 128 numeric codes to represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters. These numeric codes are used to store characters in a computer's memory.
What is the purpose of ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)?
the CPU
What part of the computer actually runs programs?
input device
What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?
output device
What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?
secondary storage
What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?
main memory
What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?
a syntax error
What type of mistake is usually caused by misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?
a high-level language
What type of programming languages allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?
the fetch-decode-execute cycle
When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?
F
Windows Vista, Linux, UNIX, and Mac OSX are all examples of application software. (T/F)
application software
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?
F
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs. (T/F)