Programming logic and design CH.1-3 Review

A list of every variable name used in a program, along with its type, size, and description

Data dictionary

A statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable

Declaration

Programmers generally write programs as one long series of steps.

False

___________________ tasks include any steps you must perform at the beginning of a program to get ready for the rest of the program.

Housekeeping

____ is where a variable's data type or other information is stored as part of the name.

Hungarian notation

A(n) ____ is a software package that provides an editor, a compiler, and other programming tools.

IDE

A program component's name

Identifier

Can hold digits and have mathematical operations performed on it

Numeric variable

Programmers can use either procedural programming or object-oriented programming to develop programs.

True

Structures can be stacked or connected to one another at their ____.

entry or exit points

Many programming languages use the term ____ to refer to the marker that is used to automatically recognize the end of data in a file.

eof

The following pseudocode is an example of ____. if conditionA is true then do stepE else do stepB do stepC do stepD endif

nesting

A specific numeric value is often called a(n) ____.

numeric constant

The maximum number of entry points that any programming structure can have is ____.

one

The ____ dictate the order in which operations in the same statement are carried out.

rules of precedence

Before a programmer plans the logic of the program, he or she must ____.

understand the problem

The do loop is a variation of the ____ loop.

while

The assignment operator is the ____ sign.

=

All the supporting paperwork for a program

Documentation

The act of repeating input back to a user either in a subsequent prompt or in output

Echoing input

A flowchart is an English-like representation of the logical steps necessary to solve a problem.

False

A structured program must contain a sequence, selection, and loop structure.

False

Alan Turing is often regarded as the first programmer.

False

All programming languages support four broad data types.

False

In a selection structure, you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action in order.

False

Most modern programming languages require that program statements be placed in specific columns.

False

No matter how complicated it is, any set of steps can always be reduced to combinations of the two basic structures of sequence and loop.

False

Once a program is completely coded, it is ready for a company or organization to use.

False

Professional computer programmers write programs to satisfy their own needs.

False

Repetition and sequence are alternate names for a loop structure.

False

The assignment operator has left-to-right-to-left associativity, which means that the value of the expression to the left of the assignment operator is evaluated first and that the result is assigned to the operand on the right.

False

The case structure is a variation of the sequence structure and the do loop is a variation of the while loop.

False

Variable names can be more than one word with blanks between the words.

False

Pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

Flowchart

A ____ allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.

GUI

Equipment, or the physical devices, associated with a computer

Hardware

Represent(s) the millions of on off circuits within the computer

Machine language

____ data items may involve organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing calculations with them.

Processing

A message that is displayed on a monitor to ask the user for a response and perhaps explain how that response should be formatted

Prompt

English-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem

Pseudocode

The feature of programs that assures you a module has been tested and proven to function correctly

Reliability

Preselected value that stops the execution of a program

Sentinel

Incorrectly spelled words, or reversing the proper order of two words in a computer program

Sintax error

Instructions that tell the computer what to do

Software

Can hold text, such as letters of the alphabet, and other special characters, such as punctuation marks

String variable

A string variable can hold digits such as phone numbers and zip codes.

True

An infinite loop is a flow of program logic that repeats and never ends.

True

As a general rule, an eof question should always come immediately after an input statement because the end-of-file condition will be detected at input.

True

Because one memory location can be used repeatedly with different values, you can write program instructions once and then use them for thousands of separate calculations

True

Because you may stack and nest structures while retaining the overall structure, it might be difficult to determine whether a flowchart as a whole is structured.

True

Besides the popular, comprehensive programming languages such as Java and C++, many programmers use scripting languages such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP.

True

Every programming language has rules governing its word usage and punctuation.

True

In a structured program, any structure can be nested within another structure.

True

Program comments are a type of internal documentation.

True

Structured programming is sometimes called goto-less programming.

True

The heart of the programming process lies in planning the program's logic.

True

The feature of programming languages that prevents assigning values of an incorrect data type

Type-safety

Named memory locations whose contents can vary or differ over time

Variables

Contents are lost when the computer is turned off or loses power

Volatile memory

When the variable starts with a lowercase letter and any subsequent word begins with an uppercase letter, this is called ____.

camel casing

A(n) ____ is a location on your computer screen where you type text entries to communicate with the computer's operating system.

command line

Typically, a programmer develops a program's logic, writes the code, and ____ the program, receiving a list of syntax errors.

compiles

The process of finding and correcting program errors is called ____.

debugging

The following pseudocode is an example of a ____ structure. if firstNumber is bigger than secondNumber then print firstNumber else print secondNumber endigf

decision

The process of naming program variables and assigning a type to them is called ____ variables.

declaring

You represent a decision in a flowchart by drawing a decision symbol, which is shaped like a ____.

diamond

if-else examples can also be called ____ because they contain the action taken when the tested condition is true and the action taken when it is false.

dual-alternative selections

Pseudocode uses the end-structure statement ____ to clearly show where the structure ends.

endif

Fractional numeric variables that contain a decimal point are known as ____ variables.

floating-point

Structured programming is sometimes called ____________________-less programming.

gotogo or togo-to

Computer programmers often refer to memory addresses using ____ notation.

hexadecimal

The priming read is an example of a(n) ____ task.

housekeeping

Some people call the selection structure a(n) ____________________ statement.

if-then-elseif then else

A(n) ____ is a repeating flow of logic with no end.

infinite loop

Declaring a starting value for a variable is known as ____ the variable.

initializing

You may hear programmers refer to looping as ____.

iteration

A ____ error results when you use a syntactically correct statement but use the wrong one for the current context.

logical

The following pseudocode is an example of a ____ structure. get number while number is positive add to sum get number endwhile

loop

The repetition of a series of steps is called a(n) ____.

loop

A loop must return to the ____ question at some later point in a structure.

loop-controlling

After programs are put into production, making necessary changes is called ____.

maintenance

Structured programs can be easily broken down into routines or ____ that can be assigned to any number of programmers.

modules

A(n) ____ is similar to a variable, except it can be assigned a value only once.

named constant

Placing a structure within another structure is called ____ structures.

nesting

The ____ is used to represent output in a flowchart.

parallelogram

A ____ read is an added statement that gets the first input value in a program.

priming

The major difference between the two main programming styles in use today is the ____.

programmer's focus during the earliest planning stages of a project

Using ____ involves writing down all the steps you will use in a program.

pseudocode

In a flowchart, the ____ is used to represent processing.

rectangle

The case structure is a variation of the ____ structure.

selection

Programmers refer to programs that contain meaningful names as ____.

self-documenting

With a(n) ____, you perform an action or task, and then you perform the next action, in order.

sequence structure

A structured program includes only combinations of the three basic structures: ____.

sequence, selection, and loop

Programs that use _____ code logic are unstructured programs that do not follow the rules of structured logic.

spaghetti

Attaching structures end to end is called ____ structures.

stacking

The following pseudocode is an example of ____. do stepA do stepB if conditionC is true then do stepD else do stepE endif while conditionF is true do stepG endwhile

stacking

A ____ variable is not used for input or output, but instead is just a working variable that you use during a program's execution.

temporary

A(n) ____ is a program that you use to create simple text files.

text editor

A(n) ____ is a named memory location whose value can vary.

variable

When you write programs, you work with data in three different forms: ____.

variables, literals (or unnamed constants), and named constants