Project Management Professional

The product owner has requested to be showing how much work there remains to be done on the project. What would be the best agile tool to display this? A. Burndown chart B. Cumulative flow diagram C. Burnup chart D. Velocity chart

A. Burndown chart Explanation {A burn down chart displays work that remains to be done.}

The project manager has received a change request from the project sponsor to reduce the budget by 20%. After the project manager has reviewed the change, he decides that the only way this can be done is by removing a part of the project that is not yet completed. Who should approve this change? A. Project Team B. Change Approval Board C. Change Management Board D. Change Control Board

D. Change Control Board

A Project Manager is doing the following: -conducting a cost analysis based on a high-level scope -using expert judgment to make a document What is the Project Manager doing, based on the description above? a. Create a project charter b. Create a risk management plan c. Developing a scope statement d. Create a project management plan

a. Create a project charter Explanation {The project charter is a high-level document with a high-level scope and budget}

Senior management has requested an update to the current product upgrade project. The project manager knows she has to keep the information high level and as short as possible. Which resource would be the best to show senior management? A. Milestone chart B. Project schedule network diagram C. WBS dictionary D. WBS

A. Milestone chart Explanation {A milestone chart shows only the major start and end of the major deliverables. All other choices such as the WBS, WBS dictionary, and the network diagram are very detailed.}

Chris has just gotten a new job at a company where everyone works from home. His job is to manage a team of software developers around the world to create a new billing system. Everyone on the project will be working from home, and Chris will be managing the project full time. What type of organizational structure is this? A. Virtual B. Online C. Virtual Strong Matrix D. Online Strong Matrix

A. Virtual

A project has completed 60% of all the work. The team has spent 55% of the project budget. The budget is currently set at $180,000. The sponsor has requested to know the project's CPI. The project manager should inform the sponsor that the CPI is the following: A. $108,00 B. 1.1 C. .99 D. $18,000

B. 1.1 Explanation {CPI is equal to EV/AC. To find the CPI, you must first find EV and AC. EV is equal to the percentage of actual work completed x BAC (budget at completion), which is 60% x $180,000 = $108,000. AC (actual cost) is just the amount of money already spent on the project, which is 55% x $180,000 = $99,000. So, CPI is $108,000/$90,000 = 1.1.}

While monitoring the status of an agile project what numerical analysis can the project team use to help determine if the project is on schedule? A. Return on investment B. Earned value management C. Net present value D. Scheduling management values

B. Earned value management Explanation {Earned value management are series of formulas that monitor the value of the project as it's progressing and generally track cost and schedule.}

As part of active leadership on an agile project, project managers support team member's growth and keep them driven throughout each project. What is one trait that supports this effective leadership? a. Stand up for the team's views. b. Use daily conversation sessions to solicit and respond to the team's concerns. c. Challenge the team by giving project tasks. d. Provide a team reward for each successfully completed sprint

a. Stand up for the team's views. Explanation {It is important on an agile project to be a servant leader and that means supporting and standing for the team.}

An organization has just approved a new office renovation project. After being assigned to the project, the project manager would like to know what is his power level on the project. What document should the project manager refer to? a. Issue log b. Communication management plan c. Stakeholder engagement plan d. Project charter

d. Project charter Explanation {The project charter is a document that will assign the project manager and also outlined his authority level.}

While working on an agile project, the sponsor would like to know how much work remains to be completed in the project. The project manager has scheduled a meeting with the sponsor for the next day. What tool would be best for the project manager to take to the meeting? A. Project calendar B. Pareto chart C. Burndown chart D. Earned value charts

C. Burndown chart Explanation {A burndown chart is used on agile projects to show work that remains to be completed. A project calendar is an input, not a tool. A Pareto chart is used in quality management to show what things might be causing the most defects in a project. It displays the 80/20 rule. Earned value charts is a made-up term.}

While building an agile space the project manager would like to implement a tool that will allow the team to keep track of the flow of work while limiting the work in progress. What tool best meets these requirements? A. Gantt chart B. Burndown charts C. Kanban development D. Whiteboard

C. Kanban development Explanation {The Kanban development is the use of a signboard that is used to help track the work in progress and limit the work in progress.}

A project manager is working in an environment where schedule and scope are fixed. The team is skilled at a specific task. The organization is about to enter a new market that would require a whole new set of skills. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Add new resources with the required skills. b. Stop the project until HR can provide the correct resource. c. Upgrade the existing team members' skills. d. Hire a third-party vendor with the needed skills.

a. Add new resources with the required skills. Explanation {In a situation where time is limited, the most efficient option is expanding the team to include skilled resources.}

A company has a goal of releasing a new product to increase market share within five months. A project is initiated to meet this goal. The Project Manager needs to understand how customers will use the product once it is made available to the public. What should the Project Manager utilize to accomplish this? a. Facilitation b. Affinity diagram c. Focus groups d. Benchmarking

c. Focus groups Explanation [Focus Groups should be used to gather feedback from actual customers. This ensures that any decisions are made off of real data rather than assumptions.]

Mark is currently working on the workstation upgrade project. He has noticed there are three activities on the critical path, which are activity A, C, and D. Activity B has a slack of 2 and a duration of 4 days. Activity C has a duration of 3 days, and activity D has a duration of 6 days. What is the slack on activity A? A. 0 days B. cannot be determined C. 4 day D. 2 days

A. 0 days Explanation {Activities on a critical path have zero slack. The question is trying to mislead you into drawing a network diagram that is not needed to determine the slack.}

One of the customers would like to add a new component to the project that would likely increase the functionality of the software. What steps should the customer take when adding this new component on an Agile project? A. Add it to the product backlog B. Ask the agile project manager for permission to add it to the product backlog C. Changes are not allowed on agile projects D. Fill out a change request form

A. Add it to the product backlog Explanation {When a customer would like to add a change to an agile project, they simply added to the product backlog. That new feature will then be prioritized based on his value in the product backlog.}

The project manager and the project team were able to identify a number of risks that could affect the website upgrade project. They listed all of the risks on the risk register. They will now conduct a qualitative risk analysis to prioritize the risks. What will the team look at when prioritizing the risks? A. Probabilty only B. Probability and Impact C. Impact only D. Source of risks and impact

B. Probability and Impact Explanation {While conducting the qualitative risk analysis, the team will rank the risks based on their probability of occurrence and impact on the project.}

The project sponsor has been asking the project manager to close the project as soon as possible, since the deliverable has been created. The project manager has informed the sponsor that the project cannot close yet. What best explains why the project manager cannot close the project? A. There are defects in the deliverable B. The project is over budget C. The project team has not been relase D. The deliverable has not been accepted

D. The deliverable has not been accepted

An organization has just started its first agile project. Due to a lack of experience with agile methods, the project seems to be very chaotic, with the team not knowing what to build and the constant adding to the scope is something that the team doesn't understand. What should the manager implement to fix these issues? (Choose 2) a. Business Case b. Agile project charter c. Definition of Done d. Change control board e. Acceptance criteria f. Project management plan with a clear scope statement

b. Agile project charter c. Definition of Done

A project manager has just been assigned to a new project. Due to a significant natural disaster, this has caused a major schedule issue and has delayed the project. This might affect the budget and scope.What should the project manager do? (choose 2) a. Review the budget with the PMO and ask for guidance b. Implement a crashing method on the schedule c. Implement a Fast-tracking method on the schedule d. Use a schedule compression technique to shorten the schedule e. Increase the schedule due to a natural disaster f. Calculate the SPI and SV on the schedule

c. Implement a Fast-tracking method on the schedule d. Use a schedule compression technique to shorten the schedule Explanation {This question is asking about the schedule. This means the PM should try to reduce the schedule by using schedule compression techniques such as fast-tracking.}

The project manager discovers that a senior stakeholder is asking a team member for project information. This is causing an issue with the team completing their work. Which should the project manager do first? a. Refer to the project management information system (PMIS). b. Send the stakeholder the information yourself. c. Review the stakeholder register. d. Review the communications management plan.

d. Review the communications management plan. Explanation {A communications management plan is established to ensure that the appropriate messages are communicated to stakeholders in various formats and various means as defined by the communication strategy. Never take actions first, and Never do something "yourself" Unless its an agile project}

The project manager and the team have worked endless hours to calculate the amount of time it will take to conduct each activity. They would like to document some of the assumptions they made and the constraints they may face when the project is executed. What document will they use for this? A. Project schedule B. Duration estimates C. Basis of estimates D. Cost estimates

C. Basis of estimates Explanation {The basis of estimates documents what they used estimate the activities, such as assumptions, constraints, range of estimates, and the confidence level of the estimates. The duration and cost estimates will not have these components. The project schedule will outline how long the project will take, which includes a network diagram, Gantt chart, and the milestone chart.}

The project team is having a very difficult time deciding what method they should use when programming the new functions in the application. They can choose between four different methods, and the team is evenly split regarding which method to choose. The project manager has decided that he will choose the method for them and will take the responsibility in case it is not the best way to program functions. What best describes this technique? A. Autocratic B. Voting C. Multi-criteria decision D. Leadership

A. Autocratic Explanation {In autocratic decision making, an individual makes the decision for the team and takes responsibility for the decision. Voting is when the team votes on a potential decision, and multi-criteria decision is when they use a different criteria are used to evaluate a decision. Leadership refers to skills for managing the team.}

What is considered the single most important skill a project manager should have? A. Communication B. Business C. Technology D. Expert judgement

A. Communication Explanation {Communication skills are the most important skills a project manager should have. Projects are done by people, not technology.}

Company XYZ has been executing a new business development project for the last 4 months. A few stakeholders have requested changes to the scope and have gotten them approved. When a change is approved, what is the next best step to conduct on a project? A. Execute the approved change request in the process of direct and manage project work B. Execute the approved change request in the process of monitored and control project work C. Validate the change in the validate scope process D. Close the change request in the close project or phase process

A. Execute the approved change request in the process of direct and manage project work

Mark has just started working for a company that has little to no project management framework or functions. He notices that most people manage projects on their own with no oversight or established processes. Mark has spoken the CEO and they have decided to change this. What is this organization lacking? A. Governance B. Certified Project Management C. Functional Management D. Strong Functional Management

A. Governance

During a new smartphone development project, the customers are given a prototype of the smartphone for them to try. They inform you that the phone constantly reboots, and sometimes the touch screen does not work. What tool can the project team use to find the reasons for these defects? A. Ishikawa diagram B. Assumption analysis C. Inspections D. Histograms

A. Ishikawa diagram Explanation {An Ishikawa diagram, also known as a cause-and-effect diagram, is used to list the many different probabilities for a project's defect. Assumptions analysis involves analyzing assumptions, histograms are used to show the frequency of defects, and inspections are used to see if a deliverable has met its requirements.}

The project manager has taken all the work performance information that has been created so far on the project. He has started to create the overall project status report to present to the project stakeholders. What process is the project manager conducting? A. Monitor and control project work B. Develop project manage management plan C. Develop project report D. Direct and manage project work

A. Monitor and control project work Explanation {Monitor and control project work process has an input of work performance information and an output of work performance report. No other choice has the output of work performance report.}

Which of the following is a method that will be used to conduct frequent verification and validation that can be done every second on the project? A. Pair programming B. Integration testing C. Unit testing D. Acceptance testing

A. Pair programming Explanation {Pair programming is defined as when one programmer writes the code another inspects the code as it's been written. This leads to the codes being inspected in seconds.}

Mary has just completed one of the most important deliverables of the project. She meets with the organization's senior management, and they have not determined if the project should continue or not, as the current deliverable may be all they need. What would best describe this review? A. Phase Gate B. Kickoff Meeting C. Project Review Meeting D. Project Closure Review

A. Phase Gate

The risk management plan generally outlines the steps the project will take to conduct risk management processes on the project. Which of the following will the risk management plan not include? A. Positive risks that could affect the project B. the methodology used to manage risk C. A way to categorize the risks D. roles and responsibilities for the project team concerning risks processes

A. Positive risks that could affect the project Explanation { The risk register lists both positive and negative risks, not the risk management plan. The risk management plan includes the risk breakdown structure that categorizes risks, roles, and responsibilities for the team members and the methodology they would use to perform the risk processes on the project. }

A project manager decided to ensure that all team members on the project do not work on more than one activity at a time. This way, the team doesn't get burned out and can work at a steady pace. The schedule may increase due to this policy, which is okay with the sponsor. What technique best describes this action? A. Resource leveling B. Resource movement C. Resource crashing D. Resource equalization

A. Resource leveling Explanation {Resource leveling is done when resources on a project are over-allocated; it removes resources that are working on two activities at the same time.}

While working on a project with a budget of $5,000, the project manager determines that the earned value on the project so far is $1,750. So far, the project team has spent $2,900. What should the project manager report as the status of the budget? A. the project is over budget by 40% B. the project is over budget by 60% C. the project is under budget by 40% D. the project is under budget by 60%

A. the project is over budget by 40% Explanation { In this situation, you would need to find out the CPI of the project, which is EV/AC. That would equal 1750/2900 = .6. A CPI of .6 represents that the project is 40% over budget. Remember that if the CPI is 1, then the project is on budget. Anything under 1 represents being over budget, and anything over 1 represents being under budget. }

The project manager has noticed that a few team members are having a difficult time following the process to inspect the quality of new software. What is the best tool to help them see the process, making it easier to follow? A. Process design chart B. Control chart C. Flow chart D. Histogram

C. Flow chart Explanation {A flowchart is used to visually follow the steps in a process or multiple processes. A control chart will show if a process is in "control" by illustrating the rule of 7. A histogram is a bar chart that usually shows frequency of something. A process design chart is a made-up term.}

Mark has gotten a new job at a company that is about to create a new product. This new product will be a very complex software that may take years to create and have many different groups of people. Mark has decided to break up this complex project into smaller subprojects and manage them individually. What is Mark managing? A. Portfolio B. Project C. Program D. Operations

C. Program

The project manager has just spoken to one of the software developers, Bill, about the project and has asked for an estimate of how long it will take to code a specific function. Bill said that it would take a maximum of 10 days, but that most likely it will be 6 days. The project manager has calculated the PERT estimated duration of this activity to be 6 days. What is the least amount of days it will take to complete this activity? A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2

D. 2 Explanation {In this question, you have to use the PERT formula, which is (O+4*R+P)/6 to find the optimistic number. The question gives you the answer to the formula—6 days—and you will need to figure out the other components. In the question, the pessimistic number given is 10, the realistic number is 6, and you have to find out the optimistic number. Plug the numbers into the formula like this: (O+4*6+10)/6=6 based on this equation, equals to 2.}

The change control board just approved a change request to modify one of the major deliverables. The project manager then implements the change in the ________ process? A. Perform Integrated Change Control B. Monitor and Control Project Work C. Close Project or Phase D. Direct and Manage Project Work

D. Direct and Manage Project Work - Approved change request are implemented in the process of direct and mange project work

You are having an issue with the software crashing consistently on the project. What should you use to identify the cause of this issue and the effect it may have on your project? A. Continuous improvement B. Flowchart C. Histogram D. Ishikawa diagram

D. Ishikawa diagram Explanation {Ishikawa diagrams, or cause-and-effect diagrams, are used to identify probable causes and sub-causes of a particular problem. A histogram is a bar chart and a flowchart is used to represent a process graphically. Continuous improvement is a theory that is used to continuously improve a product over its life cycle.}

The project manager has been informed that the company's senior management would like a meeting about the status of the project. What should the project manager take to display the current schedule of the project? A. Gnatt chart B. Network Diagram C. WBS D. Milestone chart

D. Milestone chart Explanation { A milestone chart is a high-level view of major accomplishments on a project. These are best used when presenting a quick view of data and the project schedule to management personnel. All other choices would give you a detailed view of the project schedule and work. }

While attempting to determine the schedule for the project, the project manager has been informed from the team that each line of code will take about 15-45 minutes to write and debug. There will be about 1 million lines of code in the application. What schedule-estimating technique best describes this estimate? A. Analogous B. Bottom-up C. top-down D. Parametric

D. Parametric Explanation {Parametric estimates are based on a data set such as cost per feet or time per task. Top-down and analogous are the same and are high-level estimates based on historical data. Bottom-up involves breaking the work and then adding it back up.}

A team member is working on upgrading the network server while another team member is painting the server room. The outcomes of these two events will not affect each other. What best describes the relationship between these two events? A. They are not mutually exclusive B. They are not statistically independent C. They are mutually exclusive D. There are statistically independent

D. There are statistically independent Explanation { Statistical independence is a term used in probability that means one event cannot affect the other event. Mutually exclusive is a term used when two events cannot happen at the same time; in this question, these two events are happening at the same time.}

The project manager is having a very difficult time collecting the requirements from the customers. The customers are having a difficult time putting the requirements into logical groupings. What tool can best help them group the requirements? A. Affinity diagram B. Decomposition C. Prototype D. Requirements documentaion

A. Affinity diagram Explanation {An affinity diagram is used to group large numbers of ideas to be analyzed. A prototype is a functional model of a product given to customers for their feedback. Decomposition is a tool used to break work down into more detailed activities. The requirements documentation would be the output of the process of collect requirements, not a tool.}

The project team has just started to code the redesigned accounting application when a key stakeholder asks for the application in order to include a very specific report to the company's expenses. The stakeholder has submitted a change request to the project manager. What would be the most important input to consider for this change request? A. Accepted deliverables B. Work performance information C. Work performance reports D. Work performance data

C. Work performance reports Explanation { Work performance reports is an input to the process of performing integrated change control, as it will show the overall status of the project. The other choices are not inputs to this process. }

As an agile project manager, you have encountered many issues with the product owner. The product owner has refused to prioritize the product backlog stating that all items are equally important. After educating the product owner about the value of prioritization he still refuses. What should the agile project manager do? A. Prioritize the product backlog for the product owner B. Continue to educate the product owner C. Have the team prioritze the product backlog D. Replace the product owner

B. Continue to educate the product owner Explanation {One of the core task of being an agile project manager is to educate and promote the values of agile practices even when stakeholders are reluctant to follow the principles.}

A company has a few projects it would like to get done, but due to budget constraints, the company can only choose one project. Project A has a BCR of 1.5 and Project B has a BCR of 2.5. Which project should the company choose? A. Project A B. Project B C. Both Projects A and B D. Neither because they are both projects that will run the company at a toss

B. Project B

A project manager is working with a customer who submitted over 10 new scope changes for an existing software development project. The project manager feels this is unnecessary due to the type of software being made. What should the project manager do next? a. Analyze the scope management plan. b. Organize a meeting with the team to set expectations. c. Hold a meeting with the customer to request that the number of new requests is reduced. d. Define the number of changes with the sponsor.

a. Analyze the scope management plan. Explanation {The scope management plan documents how the project and product scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled and validated. The document provides guidance and direction on how the scope will be managed throughout the project.}

The project manager has recently been assigned a project that is almost completed. The project manager notices that most of the customers don't feel that the project has delivered any value to them. What should the previous project manager do to prevent this? a. Conduct more thorough testing with the customers b. Have more stakeholder engagement throughout the project c. Perform risk assessment early and continuous throughout the project d. Have the customer accept each deliverable upon completion

b. Have more stakeholder engagement throughout the project Explanation {The best way to ensure projects meet the customer's expectations is to have the customer involved in the creation of the deliverables. This is usually done through stakeholder engagement.}

A major application redesign hybrid project has just been completed and the project manager is about to close the project. What should the project manager do during closing? a. Have the team conduct a final inspection of the product b. Ensure all items on the product backlog is completed c. Ensure the product and knowledge is transferred to operation d. Meet with the project sponsor to get acceptance of the deliverables

c. Ensure the product and knowledge is transferred to operation Explanation {During closing, you would transfer the knowledge and product. You would then release the team and transfer the project report.}

As a project is being implemented. A key stakeholder communicates to the project manager that the requirements of the project may have changed. These changes may significantly impact the project scope. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Use the contingency reserve and update the risk mitigation plan. b. Compute the current earned value management (EVM). c. Update the risk register and identify risk responses. d. Redo the scope statement.

c. Update the risk register and identify risk responses. Explanation {These new requirements may pose additional risks. These risks need to be documented and appropriate responses need to be identified. Look for key words such as "May"}

If the work of the project will contain and the velocity of the team is currently at 14 points. What is the total size of the project in terms of story points? A. 140 B. 150 C. 110 D. 130

A. 140 Explanation {Total size of the project will be 10 iterations x 14 points = 140 Points.}

While executing a project, the project manager has learned that a vendor will delay the delivery of the server needed to implement the phone system. This problem will need to be resolved soon. What should the PM do first? A. Update the project management plan B. Update the issue log C. Update the sponsor D. Find a new vendor

B. Update the issue log

The project manager and sponsor are consulting with banks and other lending institutions in order to obtain funds for the project. What process this describes these actions? A. Plan cost management B. Determine project financing C. Determine budget D. Develop project charter

C. Determine budget Explanation {In the process of determine budget is where the tool of financing is used to seek funding for the project. Develop project Charter is used to get the project authorized. Plan cost management is used to create the cost management plan. Determine project financing is made-up process.}

Which of the following is an XP practice that helps to create a shared vision between the developers and the customers? A. Daily standup meetings B. Retrospectives C. Metaphors D. Iteration review meeting

C. Metaphors Explanation {A metaphor is using XP to explain designs and create a shared vision between customers and the development team.}

A project is being planned in an area with limited access to vehicles. The Project Manager proposes that the company deliver equipment themselves. The Project Manager will take full responsibility if vehicles cannot get to the project site. What risk response is the Project Manager using? a. Mitigate b. Accept c. Transfer d. Avoid

b. Accept Explanation {Risk acceptance is a risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge this low risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs.}

During a meeting, a Project Manager learns that the project must be done 4 months earlier than planned. The project will need at least 2 more members to finish this quickly. What is the first thing the Project Manager should do? a. Notify the project sponsor that this may not be possible. b. Inform the PMO of this and ask for resources. c. Contact a vendor to hire outside resources to complete the work. d. Check with the functional manager to see if there are any available resources to hire.

d. Check with the functional manager to see if there are any available resources to hire. Explanation {The Project Manager should first confirm with the functional manager whether a resource is available. The PM typically acquires resources from the Functional Manager}

A vendor is late with a project deliverable due to internal staff changes. There is a small buffer in the budget for cost overruns. What is the first thing a Project Manager should do to mitigate this issue? a. Hire a new vendor to replace the current vendor. b. Report the vendor to the organization's legal department. c. Update the project budget after first accepting the cost overrun. d. Look into alternative vendors that can assist with project deliverables.

d. Look into alternative vendors that can assist with project deliverables. Explanation {The Project Manager needs to assess alternatives. Once a practical alternative is identified, they can present their circumstance to the sponsor for a decision.}

While working on a project schedule, the project manager notices that activities A, B, and C all have a duration of 4 days. The project manager also notices that activities F and G have a duration of 7 days. Activities A, C, F, and G have a slack of 1 day. Activity B is the only one on the critical path. What is the slack on activity B? A. 2 days B. Cannot be determined C. 0 days D. 1 day

0 days Explanation {If an activity is on the critical path, it will have zero slack. Non-critical path activities will have a slack of at least 1 day.}

Project Management Methods [Predicitve, Agile, Hybrid ] - Some of the scope is known: - Scope is well define: - Scope is unknown:

- Hybrid - Predictive - Agile

Agile project conduct planning at multiple points in time as the scope is refined and change over the project lifecycle. This is known as? A. Rolling wave Planning B. Progressive planning C. Agile project planning D. Elaborate planning

A. Rolling wave Planning Explanation {Rolling wave planning is when planning is done at multiple points in time as data becomes available.}

When a project has been executed, what input would best help the project manager determined how to manage changes to the project? A. Change Control Plan B. Project Management Plan C. Change Control Board D. Change Control Charts

B. Project Management Plan

While measuring quality on a project, the project team decided to just measure the quality as pass/fail. The team has determined that this is the best method because the deliverables are mostly functions that will need to produce a correct result. What best describes this measurement? A. Mutually exclusive B. Statisctal independence C. Attribute sampling D. Statistical sampling

C. Attribute sampling Explanation {An attribute sample is a measurement that is usually pass/fail or good/bad. Statistical sampling is a measurement that is not just pass/fail; it also has a middle ground, such as good, very good, bad, or very bad. Statistical independence means that an outcome of two events cannot affect each other, and mutually exclusive is a term that is used when two events cannot happen at the same time.}

The project manager is working on a top-secret company project and would like to ensure all the correct security measures are in place for communications regarding the project. What tool would the project manager use? A. Communication models B. Access controls C. Communication technology D. Encryption

C. Communication technology Explanation {Communication technology factors include sensitivity and confidentiality of the information on the project, which will require the project manager to assess the security needs of the project information. Communication models are used when looking at the communication processes. Encryption is not a tool in the PMBOK.}

The project manager is currently assigning costs to each individual activity on the project. A team member has informed the project manager that he should include additional cost just in case the software will need more testing. What best describes this additional cost? A. Management reserve B. Project reserve C. Contingency reserve D. Testing reserve

C. Contingency reserve Explanation {Contingency reserve is what a project manager adds to the project cost baseline due to risk. Management reserve is what the company management adds to the project budget due to risk. Project and testing reserve are made-up terms .}

While monitoring and controlling a project, the project manager has been comparing the work performance data to the project management plan to see if there are any variance. What process did the project manager finish to get the work performance data? A. Monitor and control project work B. Control scope C. Direct and manage project work D. Develop project management plan

C. Direct and manage project work Explanation {Work performance data is an output of the integration process of direct and manage project work.}

While working on a complex software development project, the team is having a difficult time understanding a process used to code a particular report. They find the process to have many different paths and if/then scenarios. They have asked the project manager for a tool that can help them see the process on a large white board or on paper. What's the best tool the project manager can recommend for the team to help visualize the process? A. Scatter diagram B. Fishbone diagram C. Flowchart D. Histogram

C. Flowchart Explanation {A flowchart is a tool that is used to help visually display a process. It can show decision points, loops, or paths. A scatter diagram is used to show a relation between two variables. A fishbone diagram is used to help identify potential causes for defects, and a histogram is a bar chart that shows the frequency of things, such as a Pareto chart.}

The project manager is conducting a presentation with a few of the senior stakeholders, and they are not happy with the progress of the project. The project manager has informed them that the delay is due to a contractor that was affected by a major flood a few weeks ago. What process does this best describe? A. Plan communication management B. Control communication C. Manage communication D. Conduct Communication

C. Manage communication Explanation {Manage communication is done in the executing section of the project to update the stakeholders on the project's progress. Plan communication management is used to create the communication management plan that describes how communication will take place on the project. Control and conduct communication are made-up processes.}

The project manager has released the project team, completed the final lesson learned, and then completed the final report. The PMO has informed the project manager that it is not happy with this approach. What has the project manager done wrong? A. Writing the final report after the lessons learned B. Nothing, these are the normal steps to closing a project C. Releasing the team and then doing lessons learn D. Not informing the PMO about releasing the team

C. Releasing the team and then doing lessons learn Explanation {Lessons learned should be done with the team and not just by the project manager. The steps in closing usually involve conducting the lesson learned, releasing the team, and then writing the final report.}

While constructing a roof for a large building, the project team has identified the risk of a snowstorm. Due to the region in the country and the time of the year, the team has decided to take no action or preparations for the snowstorm. What risk response strategy is the team using? A. avoid B. enhance C. acceptance D. mitigaiton

C. acceptance Explanation {Acceptance is a risk response where you will take no action against the risk. All other choices involve taking some kind of action.}

When using different prioritization technique what is the most important aspect that the agile project manager should communicate to the customers? A. Make sure to include timing in the use of any prioritization technique B. Make sure to include cost in the use of any prioritization technique C. Prioritization techniques are not needed on agile projects D. Don't worry too much about the specifics it's more important to get the relative prioritization correct

D. Don't worry too much about the specifics it's more important to get the relative prioritization correct Explanation {When using any prioritization technique is important to ensure the customer understands not to worry too much about the specifics of the technique but to understand that it is done prioritize the features based on relative value.}

Many organizations have different strategic goals. Which of the following helps an organization attain these goals? A. Project B. Program C. Operation D. Portfolio

D. Portfolio

A product deliverable has failed acceptance testing. The sponsor says the deliverable was not created as per the original scope. What should the project manager do to avoid this in the future? a. Review the change management plan. b. Ensure a scope management plan is created c. Have the team demo the finished product. d. Have the team create the scope statement.

b. Ensure a scope management plan is created Explanation {A scope management plan documents how the project and product scope will be defined, validated and controlled.}

The project manager has been assigned to an ongoing project to create a new medical device. Due to compliance with the countries laws, the team doesn't feel safe building the product. They feel the product will not pass the required audits. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Meet with the team to gather their inputs on how to meet the compliance b. Research and budget for the correct training for the team to understand this compliance c. Contract a SME to guide the project d. Recruit team members that are familiar with this particular compliance

b. Research and budget for the correct training for the team to understand this compliance Explanation {The best solution here would be for the project manager to ensure the team is trained correctly on how to manage this compliance.}

The project manager is working on a pharmaceutical hybrid project and he is concerned that the team will fail to meet certain health regulations. What should the project manager do in order to ensure compliance is met? a. Conduct retrospective sessions with the team b. Manually review all deliverables to ensure compliance c. Inspect deliverables on a consistent basis to check for compliance d. Ensure acceptance criteria are well documented

c. Inspect deliverables on a consistent basis to check for compliance Explanation {The best choice here would be to inspect deliverables on a regular basis to ensure they are meeting the regulations. Anything that is "regulated" it is always key to check the work consitently}

A project manager has just been assign to a new project and the PMO has given him a list of all the stakeholders on the project along with their potential roles, their level of interest and their expectations on the project. What should the project manager do next? a. Stakeholder matrix b. Stakeholder register c. Stakeholder analysis d. Risk analysis

c. Stakeholder analysis Explanation {Once this information is given to the project manager, he should then conduct a full stakeholder analysis that will then produce the stakeholder register}

A project manager has just been assigned to a large development project. To complete the initiation, the project manager will need to come up with the budget and schedule for the project. What should the project manager use to prepare this information? a. Meetings with the team members to estimate the budget and schedule b. The PMO estimated time and schedule c. Reviews of the resource management plan d. Historical Data from previous projects that are similar to this project

d. Historical Data from previous projects that are similar to this project Explanation {Since this project is in the initiating phase, they will not be in project plans to refer to. The best option would be to use historical data from previous projects.}

While conducting a risk assessment on a project, the project manager has identified a new regulatory risk. If the project is not completed by July 31, the company will have to scrap the project. What best describes this? A. Project constraint B. Project requirement C. Project work D. Project scope

A. Project constraint Explanation {There are 6 constraints on a project,: scope, cost, time, resources, risk, and quality. This project is constrained by time. The other choices are project requirements, not constraints.}

The project sponsors have informed the project manager that they would like to be included in the weekly meetings along with the team members. What should the project manager update to include the sponsors in the weekly meetings? A. Risk management plan B. Communications management plan C. Project Communications D. Scope management plan

B. Communications management plan Explanation {The communication management plan outlines who will be receiving what type of communications, how often they will receive them, and who will provide them. The project manager should update this plan to specify who will be attending the weekly meetings. The scope and risk management plans do not contain any information about project meetings. Project communications refer to actually communicating on a project.}

While working on the workstation upgrade project, the project sponsor informs the team that they have to stop the project immediately and start working on a router upgrade project. The sponsor wants the router upgrade project to start in as little as 2 days. What should the project manager do next? A. Write the charter for the new router upgrade project B. Conduct the close project or phase process for the current project and write the final report C. Inform the sponsor that the router upgrade project plan will take more than 2 days D. Get authorized project charter for the router upgrade project.

B. Conduct the close project or phase process for the current project and write the final report Explanation {When a project is terminated, the project manager will need to formally close the project. This usually involves paying all the project bills, releasing the team, documenting the lessons learned and recording what was completed in the project's final report.}

The sponsor would like a report about the resources that are being used on the project. He would like to see them broken down by different categories to make them easier to understand. What process will the project manager use to create this? A. Sequence activities B. Estimate activity resources C. Define activities D. Develop schedule

B. Estimate activity resources Explanation {The process of estimate activity resources will output the resource breakdown structure, which is a hierarchal breakdown of resources by their categories and types. No other choice will output this project document.}

Managing a project can be a very complex task that involves identifying and managing all the stakeholders on the project. The project manager spends 90% of their time doing what important task? A. Determining how much an activity will cost B. Determining how long it will take to finish an activity C. Communications D. Determining the needs of the stakeholders

C. Communications Explanation {Communications generally take up 90% of the project manager's time. This generally includes various types of meetings, discussions, negotiation, and problem solving. A project manager does not determine how much an activity will cost or how long it will take; that is generally done by a subject matter expert.}

While working on a project, you realize that you will not be able to install the server and the workstations at the same time. In fact, the team has alerted you that after the server installation is done, you should wait an additional 4 days before installing the workstations. This is due to the updates the server will need, which is an automated process. What do you need to add to the schedule in order to account for this delay? A. Slack B. Float C. Lag D. Lead

C. Lag Explanation {A lag is a delay between activities. A lead is an overlap between activities. Slack and floats refer to the same thing: the amount of time you can delay an activity without delaying the project.}

The project manager is currently reviewing all of the meetings that took place over the past few weeks to ensure that it was done according to the communication management plan. What process is the project manager currently conducting? A. Manage communications B. Plan Communications management C. Monitor Communications D. Conduct Communications

C. Monitor Communcations Explanation {Monitor Communications is where the project manager analyzes the project communications with the project management plan to ensure the communications are done according to the plan. Plan communication management is done to create the communication management plan. Manage Communications is where a project manager actually communicates with the stakeholders according to the plan. Conduct Communications is not an actual process.}

Your company has decided to roll out a new Wi-Fi network for the staff. The sponsor has informed you that encryption on the network is mandatory. Where will the project manager document that the encryption was mandated by the sponsor? A. Requirements documentation B. Project scope statement C. Requirements traceability Matrix D. Scope Baseline

C. Requirements traceability Matrix Explanation {The requirements traceability matrix will trace the requirements back to their origins. The project scope statement, scope baseline, and requirements documentation will not include where requirements came from.}

While planning the risk responses for a construction project, the project manager and project team have decided they will have to choose a new electrical contractor due to the fact that the recommended contractor has legal issues with the local building department. The legal issues could cause the project to be delayed. What risk response does this represent? A. Exploit B. Acceptance C. Mitigate D. Avoid

D. Avoid Explanation {Avoidance is when you go down a different path all together. The risk is eliminated and cannot happen. Since they choose another contractor, they cannot get delayed by that particular contractor. Acceptance is taking no action against the risk and accepting the outcome. Mitigation is done to reduce the risk probability and/or impact. Exploit is for a positive risk that will ensure the risk takes place.}

A hybrid project team members are worried that a new member does not seem appropriate for a complex task. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Meet with the new member to assess their skills. b. Contact the sponsor to reassign the new resource to a different project. c. Contact the project sponsor to discuss these issues and ask for a solution d. Ask the team members to list what skills are lacking by the new member.

a. Meet with the new member to assess their skills. Explanation {The PM should talk to the new member to assess their skills and see if they meet the needs of the project.}

An approved change request to fix a major component on a deliverable has failed. When the change request was implemented, it failed and caused a larger issue on the project. What plan should the project manager use to escalate this major issue? a. Issue management plan. b. Communications management plan. c. Change management plan. d. Stakeholder engagement plan.

b. Communications management plan.

During the datacenter development project, the project manager has noticed that some of the work being done on the project is not in the baseline scope. The project manager has analyzed the work completed by the project team and then compared that to the project management plan to see where the differences are. What process best describes the work of the project manager? A. Control scope B, Monitor Scope C. Manage scope D. Validate scope

A. Control scope Explanation { Control scope is a process where you compare the work that has been completed to the project management plan to see if they line up. If there is a variance, the project manager should initiate actions to fix the variance. Validate scope is a process where stakeholders formally accept the project deliverables. Monitor and manage scope are made-up processes.}

A project manager has just taken over an agile project that is about 50% complete. The project manager is currently reviewing the product backlog and notices the requirements are not in an order he understands. How is the product backlog prioritized? A. By Value B. By schedule C. By regulation D. By cost

A. By value Explanation {The product backlog is prioritized by the product owner based on value. The requirements with the most value will be at the top of the list and will be completed in the next iteration.}

In what process does a project manager determine the approach they will use to involve the stakeholders to meet their expectations? A. Plan stakeholders engagement B. Plan communications C. Manage stakeholders engagement D. Identify stakeholders

A. Plan stakeholders engagement Explanation {During the process of plan stakeholder engagement, the project manager will develop an approach to involve the stakeholders to meet their expectations, interest, and potential impact on the project. Identify stakeholders is establishing who the stakeholders are on the project and what their interests will be their interest. Plan communications is to create a plan to ensure that all stakeholders are receiving the correct communications. Manage stakeholders engagements is done to communicate with the stakeholders to meet their needs.}

A project manager working in a large multinational corporation has been assigned to upgrade the company's website. This project will require inputs for many functional managers across the organization from different countries. Each functional manager would like one of their representatives to be present on the project team. What would be the best tool or technique for handling this scenario in a cost-effective way? A. Using virtual teams B. Requesting a meeting with all functional managers in one location C. Visiting each functional manager to collect their requirements in person D. Using collocation

A. Using virtual teams Explanation {Virtual teams are used in the acquire resources process. Virtual teams are a cost-effective way to build multinational teams. Collocation is when you bring everyone into a single space to accomplish work. Although this may sound like a good solution, it is not cost-effective to have everyone fly to one location. If you were to visit each functional manager, this would not solve the problem of having the functional managers' representatives on your project.}

What is the main difference between the product scope and the project scope? A. the product scope describes the features and functionality of a product, whereas the project scope describes how to get the features and functionality from the product. B. there is no difference C. the project scope describes the features and functionality of the product, whereas the product describes how to get the features and functionality from the product D. the project manager plans product scope, and the project team plans the project scope

A. the product scope describes the features and functionality of a product, whereas the project scope describes how to get the features and functionality from the product. Explanation {The product scope describes the features and functionality of the product, whereas the project scope describes how to get the features and functionality from that product.}

While working on a large project, the project manager originally counted 12 stakeholders. A new requirement and six more stakeholders were added to the project. How many communication channels are on this project? A. 160 B. 153 C. 360 D. 306

B. 153 Explanation {To get this answer correct, you will have to use the communications channels formula, which is N(N-1)/2. Since there are 18 stakeholders, the formula is 18(18-1)/2 = 153.}

The project manager has to present the risk assessment to the senior management and has decided to take the most graphical representation of the probability and impact assessment. What tool should the project manager use? A. Risk summary chat B. Bubble chart C. Risk register D. Pareto chart

B. Bubble chart Explanation {Bubble charts are tools in the perform quantitative risk analysis process and can show the probability, impact, and ranking of risk. The risk register is not graphical. Pareto charts are used for quality and not risk. Risk summary charts is a made-up term}

While monitoring and controlling the project, the project manager and the team have consistently received broken equipment from a particular vendor. They have spoken with the vendor and implemented a new process that will ensure the equipment does not show up broken. This seems to have solved the problem. What is the next step the project manager should take? A. Investigate the problem B. Check the solution C. Analyze the problem D. Solve the problem

B. Check the solution Explanation {When encountering any problem on a project, the project manager should first identify the problem, define the problem, investigate, analyze, solve, and then check the solution. In this situation, the problem has already been solved, so the next step would be to check the solution to ensure the problem has actually been solved.}

You have just been appointed the new project manager on a product upgrade project. One person in particular at the company feels like the project may cause them to lose their job. This person has expert knowledge of the current product and does not feel that it needs an upgrade. What would you consider this person on your project? A. Employee B. Stakeholder C. Team member D. Subject matter expert

B. Stakeholder Explanation {A stakeholder is someone who is positively or negatively impacted by a project. In this situation, the person is negatively impacted. Team members do the work on the project. Subject matter experts are generally team members, and employees work for a business.}

After the project manager has collected the requirements and received approval for the scope statement, what process should the project manager do next? A. Sequence activities B. Create scope baseline C. Create WBS D. Define activities

C. Create WBS Explanation {The create WBS process is generally done after the scope statement has been created, as it will decompose the deliverables in the scope statement. You cannot define activities or sequence activities until the WBS is complete, as you will need to know work packages to create the activities. Create scope baseline is a made-up term.}

Mary's new project staff are some of the best talents in the company. The team members will use their own methodologies and prefer to be in control of the project; they would only like to be provided templates and lessons learned from other projects. What type of PMO would be best for this project? A. Controlling B. Directive C. Supportive D. Managing

C. Supportive

The project team is currently working on an advertising project. They have completed a few of the activities, which includes writing the script for the commercial. Once the team completes an activity, what should they do next? A. Update the project sponsor B. update the project manager C. Update work performance data D. Close project or phase

C. Update work performance data Explanation {Once work is done on a project, the team should update the work performance data. This will include the status on the work such as when it was completed or started. The project manager will take the work performance data and create the work performance information and report, which will then be given to all the other stakeholders. You should not close the project or phase until all work has been completed and accepted.}

While working on creating a project management plan, the project manager has brought a group of expert programmers and a planner to ensure it is created correctly. What tool best describes this approach? A. Meeting B. Interpersonal and Team Skills C. Data Analysis D. Data Gathering

D. Data Gathering

The project manager has met with the project team and has informed them that his team performance assessments are done, and he would like to speak with each of them individually about the results. What process group is this? A. Planning B. Monitoring and controlling C. Initiating D. Executing

D. Executing Explanation {During the executing process group, the project manager will assess the team's performance and try to improve it through the executing process of developing and managing the team.}

Senior management in the organization would like your project to have as few risks as possible. Which of the following contracts best meet their criteria? A. Time and material B. Cost reimbursable C. Cost plus fixed fee D. Fixed price

D. Fixed price Explanation {A fixed price contract will have the lowest risk for the project, since the costs of the labor and material are known up front. All other contracts, such as cost reimbursable and time and material will have more risks for the buyers than the sellers. A cost plus fixed fee contract is a type of cost reimbursable contract.}

ABX Shipping is a large global company with many departments, some of which are have part-time project management and others, such as research and development, where it is full time. Where the project managers work determines their control over resources. What organizational structure best describes this organization? A. Mixed B. Multinational C. Project Oriented D. Hybrid

D. Hybrid

A project manager working on an agile project has notice one team member spending a few hours each day working on their personal tasks. The project manager informs the member to stop doing this and only work on the sprint. What problem solving method is this? a. Compromising b. Forcing c. Collaborating d. Smoothing

b. Forcing Explanation {This method is forcing since the PM is telling the team member what to do with no other options or input from the team member.}

MBTI Match [Thinking, Feeling, Intuition] Enjoy ideas and concepts for their own sake: Value harmony, forgiveness: Value Justice, fairness:

- Intuition - Feeling - Thinking

The project team has just assigned costs to each of the activities on the project. They will now use these costs to find the overall budget of the project. What tool can the project team use to complete this task? A. Cost aggregation B. Parametric estimation C. Expert judgment D. Bottom-up estimation

A. Cost aggregation Explanation {If the activities have been assigned costs, then the process of estimate costs has been completed. The next process would be to determine budget and use the cost aggregation tool to integrate all the activities into the overall budget of the project. The tools of bottom-up estimation and parametric estimation are not used to determine a budget. You do not need an expert in order to aggregate costs; maybe to help determine the costs, but not to aggregate them.}

A project manager is currently working with the team to complete the office redesign project when a sponsor tells him to finish it 2 weeks sooner. The project manager will need 4 new people to join the team to complete the work sooner. What technique is best described in this scenario? A. Crashing B. Critical path method C. Fast tracking D. Schedule variance

A. Crashing Explanation {Crashing is a scheduled compression method where you add more resources to complete the project sooner. Fast tracking is about running activities in parallel. The critical path method is about creating a network diagram and finding the critical path.}

While compiling all the work performance information into the work performance report, a project manager notices that the SPI of the project is .6 and the CPI is .7. What action should the project manager take next on this project? A. Create a change request to correct the project B. Inform the sponsor the project is over budget C. Inform the sponsor of a major delay D. None since the project is on the budget and ahead of schedule

A. Create a change request to correct the project Explanation {In this scenario, an SPI of .6 and a CPI of .7 indicate that the project is behind schedule and over budget. The project manager should initiate change requests to correct the budget and schedule of the project. Informing the sponsor of only a delay or being over budget is just half of what's wrong with the project.}

While working on a project, the project team has encountered a problem that has halted the project work. The team is unable to come up with a solution and would like to have an outside company come in and finish the rest of the project. What should the project team do next? A. Create a request for proposal B. Create a request for quotation C. Rewrite the scope statement D. Conduct a bidder conference

A. Create a request for proposal Explanation {A request for proposal is used when there's a problem on the project, and this solution is not easy to determine. This is generally a formal request made by project vendors to understand how they would rewrite the scope statement. Conducting a bidder conference will not come up with solutions to the problem with the project. A request for quotation is made to understand how a vendor develops satisfied requirements and how much it will cost.}

A phase of a long software development project has been completed. The phase was considered very successful: the team was able to complete the deliverables in about half the time and under budget. The deliverables were successfully transferred to the next phase of the project. What should the project manager do next for this phase? A. Create the final report B. Initiate the next phase of the project C. Update the project management plan D. Start working on the project management plan for the next phase

A. Create the final report

The project team has completed the server deployment project. They have tested the server to ensure that it works according to the requirements given to them, and it seems to be functioning correctly. What process group has the team just completed? A. Executing B. Monitoring and controlling C. Planning D. Closing

A. Executing Explanation {The outputs of all the executed processes combined, including directly executing the process and managing project work, are the project deliverables. The output for planning would be the project management plan. The output for closing would be the final product service or result transition and the final report. The output for monitoring and controlling would be the accepted deliverables and the work performance reports.}

Project team member Josh has learned a new method to program the financial application by reading a book about functions in applications. What kind of knowledge is this? A. Explicit B. Tacit C. Common D. Programming

A. Explicit

While conducting procurement on a project, the project manager has received many different bids with a wide variance of estimated cost for the work. What can the project manager use to best determine which vendor has given a realistic price? A. Independent estimate B. Weighing system C. Screening system D. Inspection and audits

A. Independent estimate Explanation {An independent estimate is usually done by an outside entity to help give the project manager a more independent understanding of what certain project work will cost. Inspections and audits are done after the seller is selected to ensure the work stays on contract. Screening and weighing systems are done to help select sellers.}

While managing a datacenter project, a few customers requested a feature be added to the project that will enhance the security system in the datacenter. The change was submitted to the change control board and was denied due to the high cost of the security system. A few months later another customer submitted the same change back to the project manager. What is the best step the project manager can take in this scenario? A. Inform the customers to change cannot be done B. Inform to change control board C. Add the security system to Datacenter D. Assess how this change impacts the project management plan

A. Inform the customers to change cannot be done Explanation {The best thing to do in this scenario would be to inform the customer that the change cannot be added due to the fact that it was already rejected by the change control board. You should not add changes to a project management plan without it being first approved, and there is no need to inform the change control board again since its members have already denied it.}

While working on a large multinational project, you identify some of the positive and negative stakeholders. What process group are you currently engaged in? A. Initiating B. Planning C. Stakeholder management D. Communications management

A. Initiating Explanation {The process of identifying stakeholders is part of the initiating process group.}

The datacenter redesign project is currently 30% complete. The project manager is not happy with the way processes are being followed by the team in ensuring that the network wiring will meet its quality requirements. What process should the project manager do to improve the processes so as to meet the quality requirements with the network wiring? A. Manage quality B. Monitor and control project work C. Control scope D. Control quality

A. Manage quality Explanation {Manage quality is an executing process where you will improve processes by conducting audits and process analysis. All other choices are monitoring and controlling processes that will be used to measure the work against the project management plan.}

Project manager Mary was informed by the team that the constant conflicts in the project have slowed down the team so that they are now behind in the work. Mary is not sure what she did wrong while planning the project. She used a RACI chart to assign roles to each team member. She has assigned each activity to at least two people who will be held accountable for the work. What best explains the conflicts in the project? A. Only one person should be held accountable fo an activity when using a RACI chart B. A RACI chart is not a tool that you can use to assign work C. Mary should have used more than just a RACI D. The team misread the RACI

A. Only one person should be held accountable for an activity when using a RACI chart Explanation { When using a RACI chart, only one person should be held accountable per task on the chart, which applies to using a kind of tool to assign resources. When more than one person is held accountable, the team members will blame each other for work that was done incorrectly or not at all. }

Mark has just started a new job as a project coordinator for a company. He will be working with a group to develop their new website. Mark finds working on this project to be difficult due to always needing the company owner's approval for budget matters. He also has very few resources to work with because the company is very small. What organizational structure best describes this scenario? A. Organic B. Owner Functional C. Shareholder Functional D. Weak Matrix

A. Organic

Over the last three weeks the project team has finally been able to establish a shared vision of what the product would look like when it is complete. This is an example of? A. Progressive elaboration B. Requirements gathering C. Shared vision D. Progressive management

A. Progressive elaboration Explanation {Progressive elaboration occurs when more information in detail emerges over time.}

While developing complex software for an organization, the project team creates a computer-generated model of what it will look like when it is done. This model is given to the customers for their feedback. What best describes this model? A. Prototypes B. Data analysis C. Data representation D. Screenshots

A. Prototypes Explanation {A prototype is generally a mock-up or functional product that is given to the customers for feedback. Data representation and data analysis are tools used to analyze data and present them in various forms, such as graphs or charts. Screenshots are pictures taken from a screen of an application, not a model of how the application will work.}

The project manager has been informed that the cost of building a new room in the office will be $15,000, +/- 65%. The project manager wants to know why there is such a large variance in the estimate. The builder said they have not seen the space and it's just a high-level estimate. What kind of estimate does this best represent? A. Rough order of magnitude estimate B. Materials estimate C. Detail estimates D. Defintive estimate

A. Rough order of magnitude estimate Explanation {A rough order of magnitude estimate has a variance of -25% to +75%. It is usually done in the early phases of the project. Definitive estimates are between -5% to +10%. Detail estimate and materials estimate are made-up terms.}

The product owner has added three new changes to the product backlog. The agile project manager has met with the team and they have decided immediately how to implement these new changes, although these changes will be implemented in three iterations from now. The product owner informs the agile project manager that he is not happy about this. What should the agile project manager do? A. Tell the team they should not have committed to doing these changes until they were ready to implement them B. Ask the product owner when he would like the changes to be implemented C. Inform the product owner of the potential risk of each change D. Ask the team members to implement the change right away

A. Tell the team they should not have committed to doing these changes until they were ready to implement them Explanation {One of the core principles of agile is to defer decisions. What this means is to make decisions about potential changes or features until the very last minute.}

The project manager and the project team are currently assessing various ways of responding to a particular risk. The project involves reconstructing part of their current office building, and they're worried about a hurricane hitting and damaging the materials or parts of the unfinished building. The best response they came up with was to purchase insurance in case a hurricane does hit. What kind of strategy is this? A. Transfer B. Avoidance C. Mitigate D. Acceptance

A. Transfer Explanation When a risk is transferred, it is usually transferred to another company, such as by purchasing insurance or hiring a consultant. Avoidance is used to eliminate a risk by going down a different path. Mitigation is used to reduce the probability and/or impact of a risk. Risk acceptance means doing nothing about the risk.

Which of the following would be considered a waste on a project? A. Waiting B. Completed work C. Value-added processess D. Value-added features

A. Waiting

Team members Mark and Bill are currently experiencing conflict in the office move project. Mark believes that it would be best if they moved the furniture first and then the computers, whereas Bill believes it's best to move the computers and then the furniture. This conflict is causing a serious delay to the project, and both Mark and Bill have decided they will make a decision on what to move first at a later date. What conflict resolution technique best describes this scenario? A. Withdrawal B. Compromise C. Postponing D. Accommodating

A. Withdrawal Explanation {The conflict resolution technique Illustrated in this question is withdrawal, which is when they postpone the issue to a later date to be better prepared. Compromise is when the two sides reach an agreement but both sides have to give up something. Postponing is a made-up term.}

The project manager and team have decided to hire a contractor to complete building out the remaining section of the datacenter. They have the requirements listed in detail and would like to use a contract that would present the smallest amount of risk to the project. The project team members would like to purchase the materials themselves since there are very familiar with the work. What contract is best for this project? A. Cost plus contractor fee B. Cost plus fixed fee C. Cost plus project fee D. Time and materials

B. Cost plus fixed fee Explanation {A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is where the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays a fixed price for the work. A time and materials contract is where the buyer pays all the work expenses and then pays the sellers for the time they spent doing the work, and this contract has the highest risk to the buyers. All other choices are made-up terms.}

The project manager, Peter, has been informed by the sponsor that the project needs to be completed 2 weeks earlier than the scheduled time. Peter goes to the team and informs them that they will need to work overtime to complete the project sooner. What is Peter doing to shorten the schedule? A. Fast tracking B. Crashing C. Scope reduction D. Adding leads to activities

B. Crashing Explanation {Crashing adds resources to the project and will generally increase the cost. Since the team will be working overtime, this will result in additional costs to the project. Fast tracking is when you run activities in parallel. Adding leads to activities will overlap activities, which is not mentioned in the question. The sponsor has not authorized a scope change on the project.}

Peter is working on a project that he knows little about. He was assigned by the project management office (PMO) and they have almost complete control over the project. What type of PMO best describes this scenario? A. Controlling B. Directive C. Guiding D. Supportive

B. Directive

The project team and the project manager held a meeting to discuss a few issues related to the project. The meeting was very productive and led to most of the issues being resolved. A few weeks later, one team member brought up one of the issues that was resolved in the previous meeting as being unresolved. The project manager reviewed the meeting documentation and determined that the issue was resolved, but the team member may not have known about the resolution. What could the project manager have done differently to prevent this miscommunication? A. Ensure that the meeting stays on topic B. Distributed detailed meeting minutes C. Make sure the meeting was timed D. Distributed a meeting agenda

B. Distributed detailed meeting minutes Explanation {While all the choices should be done for meetings, in this scenario, the project manager may have failed to distribute the meeting minutes. That would explain why a team member didn't think an issue was resolved during the meeting.}

The project planning has been completed for the office renovation project. The project management plan has been approved by the sponsor and senior management. What would the project manager do next? A. Get all deliverables accepted B. Hold a kickoff meeting C. Inform a senior management D. Update the functional managers

B. Hold a kickoff meeting Explanation {A project kickoff meeting is generally done after planning a large project to bring the team together and inform them of the project requirements. There is no need to inform senior management, as they approved the plan.}

While working on a complex web design project, the manager has received a change request from a senior stakeholder to fix a problem with the current intranet server. The project manager has determined that this change is outside the scope of the project and is not covered by the work listed in the project charter. What should the project manager do next? A. Inform the stakeholder that the change will incur a significant cost and time increase B. Inform the stakeholder that this change request should be considered a new project C. Ignore the change request D. Pass the change to change control board

B. Inform the stakeholder that this change request should be considered a new project Explanation {Although all change requests should be considered by the project manager, they should be related to the project work. No change should be approved if it is outside the scope of the project charter, since that would not be considered work within the current project.}

While working on a project, the project manager notices that most of the time is spent resolving conflicts between members of the project team. What is the best tool the project manager can use to resolve the problems amongst the team members? A. Colocation B. Interpersoal and team skills C. Expert judgment D. Training

B. Interpersoal and team skills Explanation {Resolving team conflicts is done through the manage team process. This particular process includes interpersonal and team skills tools of which conflict management is a subset. Expert judgement, training, and collocation are not tools used in the manage team process.}

While working on a network upgrade project, a team member installed the network connection and is now configuring the router in order to work with the network connection. The network connection must be done before the router can be configured. This is an example of what kind of dependency? A. Discretionary dependency B. Mandatory dependency C. External dependency D. Internal dependency

B. Mandatory dependency Explanation { Mandatory dependency is when activities must be done in a certain order. For example, you must complete A then complete B. Internal dependencies are things that are under the control of the project team, and external dependencies are things that are outside the control of the project team, such as getting a permit. Discretionary dependency is when two activities can be done in any order and they're not dependent upon each other }

The project sponsor has signed off on the project charter and has spoken to the project manager, who then has to keep the cost down on the project. The project manager agrees to try his best to keep cost down and to finish the project under budget. What should the project manager do next? A. Meet with the team to determine where money can be saved on the project B. Meet with the stakeholders to gather their requirements C. Implement the project cost reduction program D. Create the WBS

B. Meet with the stakeholders to gather their requirements Explanation {Once the project charter is created, the next step would be to collect the requirements and then create the scope statement and the WBS. You cannot meet with the team to reduce cost if you don't know the requirements. There is no such thing as a cost reduction program in PMBOK.}

After many years of following the agile principles the project team has implemented a few new methods in addition to the agile methods in order to increase the efficiency of the project. This will be known as? A. Process analysis B. Process tailoring C. Hybrid processes D. Non-agile processes

B. Process tailoring Explanation { Process tailoring is done to amend the agile methodology to better fit the project environment.}

What is the difference between the product backlog and the iteration backlog? A. The product backlog contains the work that the project team will do in the next iteration and iteration backlog will contain all the steps needed to complete the work B. Product backlog contains all work needed to be completed on the project and iteration backlog will contain all work that will get done in the next iteration C. Product backlog and the iteration backlog will outline the steps needed to manage the product and iteration D. The product backlog contains all work needed to be completed on the project and iteration backlog will contain the steps needed to complete the work

B. Product backlog contains all work needed to be completed on the project and iteration backlog will contain all work that will get done in the next iteration Explanation {The product backlog will contain all the work needed to complete the project, while the iteration backlog will contain the work that will get done in the next iteration.}

While planning a project, the project manager is given many requirements that the customers would like to add to the project. Upon further investigation, the project manager decides that a few of the requirements will not be feasible within the limited time and cost allocated to the project. What document would best list the requirements that will not be added to this project? A. Requirements documentation B. Project scope statement C. Work breakdown structure D. Project charter

B. Project scope statement Explanation {The project scope statement includes a list of all the project deliverables as well as any requirements that should be excluded from the scope. Work listed in the work breakdown structure will need to get done on the project. The project charter has a high-level list of requirements. The requirements documentation lists requirements provided by customers that they would like to be done.}

The project manager has decided that most of the stakeholders on the project would like to reference the status reports for the project on the company's internal website on their own time. This would make it easier for them, as it is very difficult to schedule a meeting with all of them at once. What type of communication best describes this? A. Push communication B. Pull communication C. Interactive communication D. Technical communication

B. Pull communication Explanation { Pull communication is done when stakeholders access the communications on their own time, usually through a web portal. Push communication is when communication is given to the stakeholders such as in an email. Interactive is when stakeholders are communicating in real time such as through a phone call. Technical communication is a made-up term.}

While developing a new smartphone, the project team has identified a specific set of performance measurements that the phone should meet when it is complete. The measurement looks at how fast the phone can boot up and how fast it can shut down. Where should the project team document these measurements? A. Requirements traceability matrix B. Quality metrics C. Quality checklist D. Quality management plan

B. Quality metrics Explanation {Quality metrics are used to measure the project deliverables. The quality checklist will inform the project team what to look for when inspecting the project deliverables. The quality management plan will outline how to conduct the quality processes such as manage quality and control quality. The requirements traceability matrix will track the requirements back to their origin.}

While working on a project, the sponsor makes it clear that he does not want any of the team members to be overworked. This means that no team member is allowed to work overtime. The sponsor is okay with the project being delayed due to this. What technique can the project manager best implement to ensure that no team member is overworked? A. Free float B. Resource leveling C. Resource smooting D. Lag

B. Resource leveling Explanation {Resource leveling is a technique used when resources are limited or over-allocated. Resource leveling ensures that no resource is assigned to more than one activity at a time, ensuring that no resource is overworked. Resource smoothing may accomplish the same task, but it only works if there is slack available on the activities. Free float is the amount of time you can delay an activity without delaying the next activity. Lag is the amount of time you need to delay an activity before the next activity starts.}

The project team has completed a bidder conference for the office renovation project. Over 15 different construction companies came to the conference. Directly after the conference, all the companies submitted their bids immediately. What is the next step the project team should take? A. Update the scope baseline B. Select the seller C. Update the agreement D. Rewrite the statement of work

B. Select the seller Explanation {A bidder conference is a tool used for conduct procurement, and the output of this process is to select the seller and receive an agreement. Rewriting the scope statement or updating the scope baseline may come after you have selected the seller.}

The project team has completed the scope baseline and has started to break down each of the work packages in into individual activities. What process should the team do next? A. Define scope B. Sequence activity C. Develop schedule D. Create WBS

B. Sequence activity Explanation {After the team has created the activity list in the process of define activity, the next process should be sequencing the activities. This should be done before the team develops a schedule. Creating WBS and defining scope will come before defining activities.}

While working on a project, the project manager asks to incorporate more of the user feedback into the deliverables. In an agile project, where do the customers give the team feedback on the product? A. Sprint planning meeting B. Sprint review C. Release feedback D. Retrospective

B. Sprint review Explanation {During a sprint review, the customers review the partially finished product and give the team their feedback. A sprint planning meeting is held to determine what requirements will be met in the next sprint. A retrospective is conducted to capture the lessons learned from the sprint. Feedback release is a made-up term.}

The project has managed to build about half of the deliverables needed to complete the project. The project has spent $50,000 on materials and labor. This money that has already been spent is generally referred to as what? A. Project budget B. Sunk cost C. Spent cost D. Opportunity cost

B. Sunk cost Explanation {Sunk cost is the money that has already been spent on the project. The project budget includes the cost baseline and the management reserves. Opportunity cost is the cost of all lost opportunities when selecting a project. Spent cost is a made-up term.}

The project manager has acquired the project team members and is starting to work with them to complete the project work. During this process the project manager has utilized a variety of rewards and recognition theories to keep the team motivated. What is the output of this process? A. Individual and team assessments B. Team perfomance assessments C. Virtual teams D. Training

B. Team perfomance assessments Explanation {The process being completed in this question is develop team. The output is team performance assessments. All other choices are tools in this process.}

A project manager has completed the project status report. The report states the CPI is 1.1 and the SPI is 1.14. The report was given to the project sponsor, who has become very upset about the project's progress and has requested an immediate meeting with the project manager. What should the project manager report in the meeting? A. The project is behind schedule and over budget due to scope creep B. The project is progressing on schedule and budget C. There has been many changes to the scope that has cause the project to be behind schedule D. There has been many changes to the scope that has cause the project to be over budget

B. The project is progressing on schedule and budget Explanation {A SPI and CPI of 1 and greater tell us that the project is actually under budget and ahead of schedule. All other choices are reporting wrong information.}

Project manager Mark is currently working on a new office automation project and is consistently being asked for updates and meetings with the project sponsor. Mark informs the sponsor that the constant meetings disrupt his work, and his project is starting to fall behind schedule. The sponsor responds by saying that that is his management style. What best describes the sponsor's management style? A. theory y B. theory x C. theory z D. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

B. theory x Explanation {Theory X is a management theory in which the manager does not trust his or her workers and will micromanage them. This theory generally leads to the team being unhappy. Theory Y refers to when a manager believes people want to do the work and trusts them. Theory Z refers to when employees are committed to a business and will generally stay with that business for a long period of time. Maslow's hierarchy of needs specifies what a company must have in order for employees to stay motivated.}

Project manager Mark is working to create the project scope statement for a sales management software. Many stakeholders have requested that a feature be added to enable automated call -backs to leads that come through the website. Mark realizes this feature would not be possible due to the fact that the company's current network lacks the required hardware. What is the best approach for Mark to take? A. Tell the stakeholders to submit a change request B. Tell the stakeholders the feature will be added after the project C. Add the feature as an exclusion to the scope statement D. Add the feature and hope the sponsor approves the budget

C. Add the feature as an exclusion to the scope statement Explanation {A project scope statement not only contains the project's deliverables but also the exclusions, which are features the project will not accomplish. Mark should not add the feature due to the company's inability to install it.}

When selecting a project, the company looks at different factors that could impact their selection. What document best identifies the need for a project? A. Project Charter B. Project Benefits Report C. Business Case D. Project Management Plan

C. Business Case Explanation {The business case is used to show the benefits of the project. The project charter is used to authorize the project. The project management plan outlines how to execute, monitor and control, and close the project. The project benefits report is a made-up term.}

When selecting a project, the company looks at different factors that could impact their selection. What document best identifies the need for a project? A. Project Charter B. Project Benefits Report C. Business Case D. Project Management Plan

C. Business Case Explanation The business case is used to show the benefits of the project. The project charter is used to authorize the project. The project management plan outlines how to execute, monitor and control, and close the project. The project benefits report is a made-up term.

The project manager and team have decided to hire a contractor to complete the installation of the servers for the system's upgrade project. The terms of agreement have the contractor being paid on a monthly basis until the work is done. What process will the contractor payments be made in? A. Conduct procurement B. Plan procurement management C. Control procurement D. Manage procurement

C. Control procurement Explanation {Control procurement is when the agreement has already been signed and the contractor is completing the work, and the contractor should be paid according to the terms in the contract. Plan procurement management is done to select what needs to be procured and how to conduct the procurement. Conduct procurement is done to select a seller and award a contract. Manage procurement is not a PMBOK process.}

The project manager is currently analyzing the requirements for the project. He has noticed that the stakeholders will be very disappointed if there are defects in the deliverables. He decides to ensure that the project team receives the right training and the best equipment available to build the deliverables correctly. This will in turn increase the overall cost of the project, but stakeholders do not mind the increase in cost. What best describes this increase in cost? A. Activities cost B. Cost of the requirements C. Cost of quality D. Expert judgement

C. Cost of quality Explanation {The cost of quality includes the cost of conformance, which includes funds spent to ensure the project meets the quality requirements. This generally includes the cost of better materials, more expert team members, and better equipment. Cost of resource requirements and activity costs are not valid elements. Expert judgement involves hiring subject matter experts to help plan a particular process.}

You're currently working on a large new building development project. The project team is currently breaking down the deliverables listed in the project scope statement into work that is more manageable. What process best describes this scenario? A. Define WBS B. Defiine scope C. Create WBS D. Define activities

C. Create WBS Explanation {During the create WBS process the project team will use the tool of decomposition to break down the project deliverables into work packages. These work packages will then be used to help estimate the time and cost of the project. Define activities is a process of decomposing the work packages into activities, not the deliverables. Define scope is used to create the scope statement which will have a list of the deliverables. Define WBS is not a process.}

What activity can the agile team do to list the reasons for why a particular process was failing during iteration? A. Check-in analysis B. Short subjects C. Fishbone analysis D. SMART goals

C. Fishbone analysis Explanation {A Fishbone analysis is done during the step of generate insight in a retrospective to show the reasons for why something would have failed.}

The agile project team has decided to do one of the features from the product backlog. The single feature will take six weeks to complete and will be reviewed by the customer. What actions should the agile project manager take next? A. Inform the team they need to conduct the daily standup meetings B. Arrange the workspace for the team members to get started C. Informed the team six weeks is too long and they will need to decomposed that feature into smaller increments D. Inform the customers of the six weeks duration

C. Informed the team six weeks is too long and they will need to decomposed that feature into smaller increments Explanation {In agile iterations should be no more than one to four weeks. Features the takes longer than should be decomposed into smaller features that can fit within a time box of one to four weeks.}

While working on a project, you realize that you will not be able to install the server and the workstations at the same time. In fact, the team has alerted you that after the server installation is done, you should wait an additional 4 days before installing the workstations. This is due to the updates the server will need, which is an automated process. What do you need to add to the schedule in order to account for this delay? A. Slack B. Float C. Lag D. Lead

C. Lag Explanation {A lag is a delay between activities. A lead is an overlap between activities. Slack and floats refer to the same thing: the amount of time you can delay an activity without delaying the project.}

While working on a project, the project manager has been inspiring the team members to do the best they can. Also, the project manager has been regularly communicating the project's vision to the team. What skill does this best describe? A. Facilitation B. Networking C. Leadership D. Active listening

C. Leadership Explanation {Leadership skill is part of interpersonal and team skills. It is used to inspire people and to communicate the project's vision.}

The project was executed about 3 weeks ago, and the project team seems to be having a lot of difficulties getting along with each other. They are always having conflicts about how to proceed on certain activities, and the project manager has to step in in order to solve these conflicts. What process is the project manager performing? A. Control Resources B. Control Scope C. Manage Team D. Acquire Team

C. Manage Team Explanation { In the process of manage team, the project manager has to resolve issues and conflicts among the project team. This is done using the tool interpersonal and team skills, particularly conflict management. Acquire team is not a process in the PMBOK. Control resources is a process that involves physical resources, not human resources. Control scope is about preventing scope creep and ensuring the project meets the scope }

When an organization is considering a project, what are some of the factors that can influence why a project should get done? A. Hiring new personnel B. Continuing the day-to-day work in a particular department C. Meeting regulatory, legal, or social requirements D. Making the company shareholders happy

C. Meeting regulatory, legal, or social requirements Explanation { Reasons a project should get done include meeting regulatory, legal, or social requirements, satisfying stakeholders' needs, and implementing business changes. The other choices pertain to operational work, which is more day-to-day and ongoing }

When managing risks on a project, the project manager should be aware of the individual project risks and which other project risks? A. High-probability risks B. Low-probability risks C. Overall project risks D. High-level risks

C. Overall project risks Explanation {Risk generally falls into two levels on a project: individual project risks and overall project risks. All other terms are not different types of risks.}

The project team has identified a number of risks that could affect the project. One risk in particular is that the permit to build the foundation has shown up late. They have ranked this risk as the most important in the project since it will cause the largest delay. What process best describes this ranking? A. Plan risk management B. Identify risk C. Qualitative risk analysis D. Quantitative risk analysis

C. Qualitative risk analysis Explanation {A qualitative risk process is done to rank the risk that has been identified in the identify risk process. Quantitative risk analysis is done to assign a value to the risk. Plan risk management is done to create the risk management plan, which will document how to conduct all the risk management processes.}

The project manager is currently estimating how much programmers will need to complete the financial software upgrade project. What document can the project manager use to determine who is available to work on the project? A. Lessons learned register B. Availability calendar C. Resource calendar D. Project team calendar

C. Resource Calender Explanation {The resource calendar shows the availability of resources, both physical and team. The lessons learned register is used to keep track of all lesson learned in the project. Project team calendar and availability calendar are made-up terms.}

While working with the system administrator, the project manager identifies many different types of resources required for the project to be completed successfully. The project manager classifies them as HR, material, equipment, and consumable resources. Where can the project manager best document these resources? A. Resource register B. Resource requirements C. Resource breakdown structure D. Resource category Matrix

C. Resource breakdown structure Explanation {The resource breakdown structure is a breakdown of the resources by categories or types. The resource register and resource category matrix are made-up terms. The resource requirements describe all the resources needed to complete an activity.}

After the iteration has completed where will the team inspect the methods, they used to build that increments? A. Iteration review B. Iteration planning C. Retrospective D. Iteration backlog

C. Retrospective Explanation {A retrospective is done after each iteration for the team to inspect and create a plan for improvements to be done in the next iteration.}

The project manager is working on a new electrical wiring upgrade project for the entire office. Due to safety issues, the project manager cannot move forward with many parts of the project without inspections and permits from the local Buildings Department. Most permits take approximately 6 weeks to get. Where would the project manager document the opportunity the project should take if a permit comes within 2 weeks instead of the 6 weeks? A. Change request B. Assumption log C. Risk register D. Issue log

C. Risk register Explanation {This question describes a positive risk, which is known as an opportunity, and this is added to the risk register. The assumption log will only document assumptions that are made on a project, and the issue log will have a list of issues that are currently taking place on a project. A change request is only issued when parts of the project management plan or document must be updated.}

The project manager and team are currently working to create a list of activities needed to complete the project. They have come to one particular work package that they cannot decompose because they do not know enough about the work yet. They have decided that midway through the project, they will decompose this particular work package. What tool or technique are they using? A. Forward planning B. Requirements future planning C. Rolling wave planning D. Decomposition

C. Rolling wave planning Explanation {Rolling wave planning is a tool used in the process of define activities to break work down in the future. Forward planning and requirements future planning are not real tools used in the process of define activities. Decomposition is a tool used to break down the current activities.}

The project manager and the project team are reviewing the completed deliverables to see if they meet the performance requirements outlined in the requirements documentation. This is done so that when the customers are invited to inspect the deliverable, there will be no issues. What is the best output of this process? A. Accepted deliverables B. Project management plan C. Verified deliverables D. Requirements documentation

C. Verified deliverables Explanation {The process of quality control is when the deliverables are inspected to see if they meet the quality requirements. The output of this process is verified deliverables. Control quality is generally done before the process of validate scope, where the deliverables will be inspected by the customers for a formal acceptance. The project management plan, accepted deliverables, and requirements documentation are not outputs of the control quality process.}

While constructing a new office space, the sponsor has requested the project manager complete the project sooner. While analyzing the work, the project manager has noticed that some of the work can start before the predecessor work is done. What can the project manager do in this scenario to complete the project sooner? A. Add slack times between project activities B. Add reserves to each project activity C. Add lag times between project activities D. Add lead times between project activities

D. Add lead times between project activities Explanation { A lead is an overlap between project activities. This means that work will start before the predecessor work is done. Lag time will add a delay between activities. Slack is the amount of time you can delay an activity without delaying the project. Reserves are the additional time added to the activities for risk. }

While working on the network upgrade project, the project manager receives many ideas about what to include in the project. The ideas seem to be very scattered and not logically grouped. What tool can best help the project manager group these ideas? A. Histograms B. Ideas matrix C. Flowchart D. Affintiy diagram

D. Affinity diagram Explanation {An affinity diagram is used to group large number of ideas to review and analyze. A histogram is used to show frequencies over time. A flowchart is used to visually view a process for improvements. An ideas matrix is a made-up term.}

The project has just been initiated, and the project sponsor calls the project manager and asks approximately when he thinks the project will be completed. The project manager replies that they have been unable to thoroughly analyze the work needed to complete the project and that he is not very knowledgeable about this kind of work. The sponsor insists on receiving a high-level estimate. The project manager responds that it will take approximately 3 months to complete the work based on his experience working on a project very similar to this one. What technique best represents this estimate? A. Expert judgement B. Bottom-up estimates C. Parametric estimates D. Analogous estimates

D. Analogous estimates Explanation {Analogous estimation, also known as a top-down estimate, is usually a high-level estimate that is based on previous projects. These estimates are done very quickly, but they're generally less accurate than others. Bottom-up estimates, parametric estimates, and expert judgments will need a lot more planning and understanding of the work to be completed, as they are considered very accurate.}

The project manager has just identified a new regulation that can possibly delay the project significantly. The project manager has added this new regulation to the risk register. What should the project manager do next with this risk? A. Come up with a response to the delay in the project schedule B. Request more to finish the project on time C. Inform the project sponsor D. Conduct a qualitative and quantitative assessment

D. Conduct a qualitative and quantitative assessment Explanation {When a risk has been added to the risk register, the project manager should conduct both a qualitative and quantitative assessment before coming up with a risk response. If the response requires adding more money, the project manager should initiate a change request requesting more funds for the project. The project manager should assess the risk before informing the sponsor of the risk.}

While analyzing the budget of a project, the project manager notices that the current CPI of the project is .93 and the SPI is 1.1. What best describes what is taking place on this project? A. Fast tracking B. Best tracking C. Resource leveling D. Crashing

D. Crashing Explanation {Crashing involves adding more resources to a project to decrease the schedule. In this scenario, the project is 7% over budget but is 10% ahead of schedule. Fast tracking and resource leveling generally do not increase costs. Best tracking is a made-up term.}

While planning a major network upgrade project, one stakeholder has given a requirement to upgrade the switches. The project manager has determined that this would be too costly to be included in the project and has decided to exclude it. What process will the project manager use to document this exclusion? A. Create WBS B. Close project or phase C. Collect requirements D. Define Scope

D. Define Scope Explanation {The project scope statement would have a list of deliverables and include things such as acceptance criteria, exclusions, constraints, and assumptions. The scope statement is created in the process of define the scope. All other choices will not output the scope statement.}

The project manager is having a difficult time keeping the project on plan. There are many changes regarding the project scope, which has led to an increase in the project budget. Management would like a reason why there have been so many scope changes on this project. What would most likely cause many scope changes on a project? A. Management did not approve the project B. The project manager does not have enough training C. Spent too long creating the project schedule and not enough time on the scope D. Did not gather detailed requirements

D. Did not gather detailed requirements Explanation {Generally, if a project manager finds themselves with many scope changes when the project is executed, it's most likely that they did not gather the requirements adequately from the customers. The other choices cannot be selected because the question does not give enough information regarding them.}

While working on the web design project, the change control board approved a change to the layout of the menu. What process should the project manager conduct next to ensure the change is implemented? A. Update project management plan B. Verify scope C. Update change log D. Direct and manage project work

D. Direct and manage project work Explanation { Once a change has been approved, it is then moved to the direct and manage project work process for implementation. Verify scope is done when all the deliverables are completed and require stakeholders' acceptance. Update project management plan and change log are not processes. }

A change request has been requested by a senior stakeholder to add a new reporting function to the current financial software development project. The change was assessed by the project team and approved by the sponsor. What process should the project manager do next? A. Perform integrate change control B. Validate scope C. Control quality D. Direct and manage project work

D. Direct and manage project work Explanation {Once a change has been approved, it is time to execute the change, which is done in the executing process of direct and manage project work. Control quality is done to check the deliverables to ensure they meet the quality requirements. Validate scope is done to get formal acceptance from the stakeholders. Perform integrated change control is done to assess and approve a change request.}

The project team is working with the customers to write the user stories. The customers have refused as they claim this would add no value to the project. What would be the best step to resolve this? A. Inform them user stories may not be needed B. At the agile project manager write the user stories C. Have the team write the user stories D. Educate the users why the stories are valuable

D. Educate the users why the stories are valuable Explanation {When managing an agile project user stories will produce a lot of value to both the team members and the customers, as such it would be best to educate them on the value of the user stories.}

When deciding what user stories should get done in the next iteration what should the project team consider? A. Which customers want to the story B. How large is the story C. Which story has the least risks D. How much points the team completed in the past iterations

D. How much points the team completed in the past iterations Explanation { When determining how much stories can get done in an iteration the team should look at its velocity which is based on how much points they were able to get done in previous iterations. }

Your company has just started a project to allow remote workers to join the network using a virtual private network (VPN). During the execution of the project, one of the VPN servers completely fails, and the team will need to replace it as soon as possible. Fortunately, the project team anticipated that this might happen and has a plan for replacing the server. What should the project manager do next? A. Conduct risk response B. Plan risk response C. Perform qualitative risk analysis D. Implement risk respnse

D. Implement risk respnse Explanation {Implement risk response is a process in the executing process group, where the project manager implements the preplanned responses to any risks that may have taken place. Plan risk responses is done to determine the team's response if a risk happens, perform qualitative risk analysis is used to rank risks, and conduct risk response is not a PMBOK process.}

The project team is currently working on a project to upgrade all the servers across the organization. Before they are able to get the financial server, the vendor calls and says the server delivery has been delayed 2 weeks. What documents should the project manager update immediately? A. Work breakdown structure B. Project schedule C. Change request D. Issue log

D. Issue log Explanation {The issue log is used to keep track of all issues in the project. The delay of a server will mean the project might be delayed, so it should be entered into the issue log immediately. After that the project manager might implement a change request to extend the schedule baseline and update the project management plan. The work breakdown structure does not show work by time.}

While working with the project team and conducting a brainstorming session, the project manager noticed that a lot of the ideas the team was coming up with were not organized. What tool can best be used by the team to visually organize their ideas? A. flowchart B. matrix diagram C. pareto diagram D. Mind mapping

D. Mind mapping Explanation { Mind mapping is a way to visually organize data. A matrix diagram is used to show the relationship between two or more groups. A flowchart shows a graphical representation of a process. A Pareto diagram displays Pareto's 80/20, rule usually in a histogram. }

You are currently managing a business process reengineering project and have identified all the risks that can affect the project. You would like to put the risks in order from most impact to least impact on the project. What is the best process for doing so? A. Plan risk response B. Perform quantitative risk analysis C. Rank risk D. Perform qualitative risk analysis

D. Perform qualitative risk analysis Explanation {Perform qualitative risk analysis is a process used to rank risks according to probability and/or impact. Perform quantitative analysis is done in order to assign values to the risk. Plan risk response describes the strategies that would be used if a risk were to materialize. Rank risks is not a valid process.}

The project manager is working on a project for which the scope, time, and cost are known during the early parts of the project planning. What life cycle will the project manager consider on this project? A. PMBOK life cycles B. Straightforward life cycle C. Iterative life cycle D. Predictive life cycle

D. Predictive life cycle Explanation {A predictive life cycle is used when the scope, time, and cost are generally determined in the early phases of the project. In this life cycle, changes to the scope must be managed correctly; if not, there may be scope creep. In an iterative life cycle, the scope is generally known in the early parts of the project, but the cost is updated as the project progresses.}

There have been many disputes on the project with the current contractor. The contractor claims the project team is always asking that work not be listed in the contract, and the team claims that the contractor has not been doing the work listed in the contract. What should the project manager do first? A. Contact claims administration B. Meet with the contractor to understand why the team continually asks that the work not be listed in the contract C.Meet with the project team members to understand why they feel the contractor has not been doing the work in the contract D. Review the contract

D. Review the contract Explanation {The first step would be to review the contract to ensure he understands what the original agreement was, and then he should meet with the team and contractor. If needed, he should then contact the claims administration.}

The project manager is informed that a manager in the finance department has requested to be included in the weekly status updates on the project. What document should the project manager update immediately? A. Issue log B. Project communications C. Risk register D. Stakeholder register

D. Stakeholder register Explanation {The stakeholder register can be updated at any point during the project. The register contains a list of all stakeholders and their contact information, communication requirements, and impact on the project. Once this is done, then the project manager can update the communication management plan to add the new stakeholder. This is a change, not an issue on a project, so there is no need to update the issue log. The risk register keeps track of the risk on the project. Project communications are the actual communications taking place during the project.}

While working on an agile project, a customer has requested for the team to deploy the software as soon as the iteration is done. The customer has already checked the completed part of the software and has accepted it. The team has refused to deploy the software. What work best explains the team's refusal? A. The iteration needs to be closed B. The iteration took too long C. The iteration has many errors D. The iteration is part of a release

D. The iteration is part of a release Explanation {Iterations are part of a product that is inspected by the customers. An iteration may not be something that can be released to users since it only represents a few weeks' worth of work. A release usually includes multiple iterations that are releasable to the customers. In this question the customer has already accepted the iteration, which means there are no errors in it.}

The agile project team has determined that many of its processes has a lot of waiting and would like to remove all of the waste in the processes. What would be the best tool the agile team can use to improve their processes? A. Triple nickel B. Fishbone analysis C. Process tailoring D. Value stream map

D. Value stream map Explanation {A value stream map is a visual representation of the flow of information through a process in which you can identify waste such as waiting time and optimize the process.}

Pat is working in an organization where she does project management full time. However, she still needs to consults with functional managers in order to acquire her project team. What organizational structure type best describes this situation? A. Functional B. Strong Matrix C. Project Oriented D. Weak Matrix

D. Weak Matrix

A large development company has just initiated a project to build a 60-story building. The project will take approximately 3 years to complete with a cost of $550 million. The development company has started to facilitate funding for the project by asking private equity firms and banks. What tools does this best represent? A. parametric estimates B. funding limit reconciliation C. analogous estimates D. financing

D. financing Explanation {Financing is a tool used in the process of determine budget. This is when a company looks at external sources to fund the project. Funding limit reconciliation is done when there are limited funds to spend on the project and work may need to be rescheduled. Parametric estimates are a type of mathematical estimates done to estimate the cost of each activity. Analogous estimates are based on historical information to estimate the cost of each activity.}

A project has been executed. The project must be completed fast. The project manager needs to quickly assign resources to meet project requirements. What should the project manager do next? a. Acquire and train a team. b. Create the resource management plan. c. Host a webinar. d. Conduct workshops.

a. Acquire and train a team. Explanation {Once the project team is established, the project manager can then start developing them. Key word is "Executed" }

New members are added to an ongoing agile project. The original team members received basic training on business processes and new members do not have the same training. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Ask the original team members to provide support and training for new team members. b. Train all members together using a self-pace web portal. c. Inform the new members they will learn the processes over time d. Inform new team members that they should ask the original members for help.

a. Ask the original team members to provide support and training for new team members. Explanation {It is the PM's responsibility to make sure that the new members are adequately trained. This approach provides that training.}

A project manager has just been assigned to an ongoing agile project. After speaking with the team, he finds out that the team feels that they have no power and cannot make decisions on the project. What can the project manager do to increase the productivity of this team? a. Assess the skills of each individual member and then have them make decisions based on their expertise b. Inform the team going forward they will be allowed to make decisions on their own c. Have the team meet with the product owner to discuss this issue d. Inform the team going forward you will be making all decisions for them

a. Assess the skills of each individual member and then have them make decisions based on their expertise Explantion {An agile project team should be a self-directed and self-managing team. An agile project manager should encourage the team to make their own decisions while giving them the support they need.}

A development team is creating a new website. The team needs to identify what are the visual requirement for the site. What is an appropriate tool or technique to use for this situation? a. Value Analysis b. Decomposition c. Focus groups d. Benchmarking

c. Focus groups Explanation {Focus groups organize stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a product.}

A project is at the planning stage of the project. The Project Manager realizes that producing complex CRM software is not feasible with the current number of resources and hire more resources for code development. The Project Manager identifies and contracts temporary resources. Which risk response strategy does this scenario demonstrate? a. Avoid b. Transfer c. Mitigate d. Accept

a. Avoid Explanation {The risk to the project was posed by insufficient resources. The risk was Avoided by hiring additional resources. Avoidance eliminates the risk completely, Mitigate only lessens the the risk}

A hybrid team has met with the project manager to seek advice on the best ways to estimate the amount of time it can take to complete the work. What are two techniques the team can use? (Choose 2)? a. Bottom-up estimating b. Decision making c. Prototyping d. Story points e. Cause and effect diagram

a. Bottom-up estimating d. Story points Explanation {The predictive portion of the project can use bottom-up estimating the agile portion of new story points.}

After the project work is finished, the project team members are still being asked to do the following: -Make minor modifications -Solve technical and non-technical issues The project manager wants to ensure the product now has operational support. What should the Project Manager do? a. Complete the delivery of the project. b. Examine the acceptance criteria. c. Fulfill the requests. d. Formally release the project team.

a. Complete the delivery of the project. Explanation {Project closure happens once the project is complete. The PM should formally close the project and deliver the final product, service, or result.}

A smartphone company reports that customers are complaining that a new phone is very slow to boot, while others are saying it boots times are okay. A Project Manager needs to determine if something needs to be changed during the production of the smartphone. Which tool or technique can the Project Manager use for this? a. Control chart b. Cost of Quality c. Affinity diagram d. Histogram

a. Control chart Explanation {Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance.}

A project manager is working on a hybrid software development project to create a new CRM. The team is currently working on the first sprint when a few team members want to spend time checking the codes instead of finishing the sprint to conduct a sprint review and this may delay the sprint. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Have them finished checking the codes, then address this issue during the retrospective. b. Tell the few members not to do this and to complete the sprint c. Inform the product owner of what is happening on the project and why the Sprint will be delayed d. Inform the team members that this is not the goal of the Sprint

a. Have them finished checking the codes, then address this issue during the retrospective. Explanation {On an agile project is best to let the team be self-directed and self-organizing. If this leads to issues then it should be brought up in the next retrospectives to be dealt what.}

An organization has completed a hybrid project to redesign its main product and is about to hand it to operations. Due to a new regulation by the local government, the redesigned product will not be able to be sold in the market. .What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Implement an adequate response from the risk register b. Remove the component that is redesigned and sell the old product c. Release the redesigned product since it was created before the regulation d. Update the risk register and determine a response

a. Implement an adequate response from the risk register Explanation {Since this is a completed project, the project manager should have had this listed as a risk and can now implement an adequate response from the risk register.}

A project manager working on an agile project and has noticed that some team members are experts and others are not. This has led to some tasks taking longer than expected, while some are completed soon. The Project Manager needs to enhance team performance. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Implement the necessary training for all team members. b. Manage the expert resources and remove the others. c. Train the others yourself to ensure the team has equal skills. d. Request that the senior level resources train others.

a. Implement the necessary training for all team members. Explanation {The PM must Implement training were necessary for all team members.}

A client brings a project manager onto a project during the project's execution stage. The project manager reviews the project scope for cost estimating purposes and notices that some deliverables were missed in the work breakdown structure (WBS). Which step should the project manager take next? a. Include the work in the WBS and recalculate the total project cost. b. Determine whether these deliverables are necessary by verifying with experts in the field. c. Verify with the stakeholders to see if these missed deliverables should be added. d. Ask that the project management office (PMO) approve additional funds for this work.

a. Include the work in the WBS and recalculate the total project cost. Explanation {The WBS has all the work necessary to complete the deliverables. If work is missing, you would not be able to complete the deliverables.}

An agile team working on a software development project is complaining about communication issues with each other. A few members are not too sure what other members are working on. This has led to a delay is within the Sprint. What should the project manager recommend to resolve this issue? a. Inform the team to use Kanban b. Inform the team to do the daily standup multiple times a day c. Have the team work on smaller sprints d. Have the team do retrospectives before and after each sprint

a. Inform the team to use Kanban Explanation {The best option here would be to use Kanban since it will be able to display what work is getting done in easy to view format.}

During the course of an agile project, a senior stakeholder has informed the project manager that the minimum viable product (MVP) is not meeting their expectations and the project needs to be stopped and fixed right away. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Perform a stakeholder analysis to understand their expectations b. Review the product backlog to see what features were not done yet c. Meet with the team to discuss risk management d. Review the MVP to understand what has been completed

a. Perform a stakeholder analysis to understand their expectations Explanation {Since there is a mismatch between their expectations and what is getting done from the project, it would be best to him analyze what the stakeholders are expecting from the project before producing any more work.}

An organization is creating a new product. However, the company has never made a product like this before. The Project Manager needs to collect requirements. Which two tools or techniques should the Project Manager use? (Choose 2) a. Prototypes. b.Decomposition c. Product analysis. d. Create requirements traceability matrix. e. Expert judgment.

a. Prototypes. e. Expert judgment. Explanation {Experts and Prototypes are tools used in collect requirements. Product analysis is used to develop scope}

A project team was informed of a new privacy requirement from the company's legal department. This privacy requirement could impact all major baselines of the project. They learn this right after the project charter is authorized. How should the Project Manager handle this situation? a. Research the privacy requirements for the project, then give the sponsor/customers a recommendation. b. Add the privacy requirement to the risk register and have the sponsor come up with a response. c. Add the privacy requirement to the project scope statement. d. Wait until the project executes and then approach the sponsor for scope change to include the privacy requiremen

a. Research the privacy requirements for the project, then give the sponsor/customers a recommendation. Explanation {The best course of action here would be to research how this privacy requirement can affect the project then give the sponsor recommendations on how to implement it.}

The project sponsor has found a website that claims some of the materials being used in the new product can lead to health risks for people using the product. The sponsor then requested a change to remove this material. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Review the change request and determine how it will impact the project. b. Inform the sponsor the project cannot stop at this point due to its near completion. c. Stop the project until this can be resolved. d. Implement the change by removing the hazardous material.

a. Review the change request and determine how it will impact the project. Explanation {Even though this may seem like something that should be attended to right away, it is just a "claim "on a website and you will need to assess it this claim is correct or not.}

A project is behind schedule by 20% due to an issue with a stakeholder giving wrong requirements. The project manager issued a change request, but the stakeholder claims he didn't know about this change request. What should the project manager do next? a. Review the communications management and stakeholder engagement plans. b. Meet with the project sponsor to better understand stakeholders communication needs. c. Approve the change request d. Update the communications management plan.

a. Review the communications management and stakeholder engagement plans. Explanation {There is a communication issue on this project. The PM should first review the communication management plan and the engagement plan.}

The product owner has sequenced the product backlog and the project manager has determined the order of the task for the team. Halfway into the agile project, the PM notices the project is really behind schedule. What should the project manager do to prevent this from happening again? a. Support self-organization for the project team and have them determine the order of the task. b. Have the team sequenced the product backlog based on their work schedule. c. Ensure that the team is trained to use the agile methods. d. Ensure that there is a management reserve to cover these issues.

a. Support self-organization for the project team and have them determine the order of the task. Explanation {For Agile projects, rather than a project manager selecting and sequencing tasks, the team members are empowered to self-organize specific tasks as a group to best meet those objectives.}

A project team has had difficulties reaching decisions while solving difficult issues. In the last few meetings, the team was able to reach a decision using a particular technique that was taught to them recently. Where should the project manager document this technique and have the team continuously using it? a. Team charter b. Communications management plan c. Stakeholder engagement plan d. Configuration management plan

a. Team charter Explanation {The team charter is a document created by the team to help manage how the team would collaborate and manage the project. This includes how to reach a consensus on the project.}

A project plan was approved and the project has been executed. Halfway through the project, the team has met the project manager for a project update. The project manager notices that the issue log the team has is different than the issue log he has. What can the project manager do to resolve this problem? a. Update the communications management plan b. Add this to the risk register c. Inform the team that the issue log is incorrect d. Have the team explain why their issue log is different

a. Update the communications management plan Explanation {This is a communications issue between the team and the project manager, so the project manager should update the communication management plan to fix the communication issues.}

The project team is starting a new phase of a project. Based on the previous phase, they have compiled a list of issues that were solved. What should the project manager do with this list in the new phase? a. Update the organization process assets b. Have the team add the appropriate reserves to the new project plan c. Update the risk management plan with the list of issues d. Add all the issues as a risk in this phase

a. Update the organization process assets Explanation {Once a phase or project is done, the PM should update the OPA's with the organization so it can be used by other projects or phases in that project}

A project team is inspecting over 500 products and has selected 50 products to evaluate against the quality metrics. What is the team doing? a. Utilizing statistical sampling. b. Conducting audits. c. Performing inspections. d. Undertaking a manage quality measure.

a. Utilizing statistical sampling. Explanation {Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.}

During an iteration, a team member informs the project manager that the consultant has left the project and does not want to return. The team is having a difficult time negotiating with this consultant to return. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Work with the team to negotiate with the consultant b. Meet with the consultant and negotiate with him yourself c. Determine how this risk can affect the entire project d. Request that the team find a new consultant

a. Work with the team to negotiate with the consultant Explanation {It would be best to work with the team to negotiate with the consultant than to do-it-yourself. You should have an input in the negotiations with the consultant.. Always try to work with your team no matter what}

An organization has just implemented an agile project to create a proof-of-concept product for its release to the market. A senior manager has informed the project manager that timing is the most critical part of this. What should the project manager emphasize the most on this project? a. Working with the team to implement quicker iterations b. A project management plan the team can follow c. Strict cost change processes d. Strict scope change process

a. Working with the team to implement quicker iterations Explanation {Agile projects are great to release products quicker to the market. The project manager should emphasize working with the team to get these implementations done quicker.}

There are concerns about the cost risk of adding a vendor to complete a major section of the project. The sponsor informs the project manager he will not approve any cost increase in the future. What type of contract should be used? a. A cost plus fixed fee contract. b. A firm fixed price contract. c. A time and material contract. d. A cost plus incentive fee contract.

b. A firm fixed price contract. Explanation {A firm fixed price contract is a type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount for all work performed. This contract has the lowest risk for the buyer.}

An organization is looking to appoint a new project manager to an ongoing hybrid project. The PMO has selected a few candidates and would like to submit your information to senior management for a decision. What should they submit in order for senior management to make a decision? a. Project management plans and documents that each manager has created before b. A set of projects each manager has managed and the performance of each project c. A resume with certifications and business experience for each potential manager d. A set of projects each potential manager has managed before and their detailed outcomes

b. A set of projects each manager has managed and the performance of each project Explanation {When it comes to working with senior management is important to give them the least amount of information for them to make an educated decision. Anything else would have been too much information for senior management to review.}

A Project Manager has recently started to use agile methodologies in his projects. The project manager hears that some team members feel like other members are missing key skills and this might lead to a delay in work. How should the project manager handle this situation? a. Implement the use of Kanban. b. Add cross-functional resources. c. Have the sponsor add more resources to the project with the right skills. d. Hire an external vendor to complete complex work.

b. Add cross-functional resources. Explanation {Agile methodologies require "T" shaped team members. That is, individuals who are cross-functional and can help each other overcome issues.}

The PMO requires a project team to be made up of people that live in multiple different countries. The project sponsor believes that the distribution will provide a team with many ideas and might save costs. Where should this be documented in the project charter? a. As part of the risk management plan within the charter. b. As part of the overall project risks. c. As part of stakeholder list. d. As part of high-level scope

b. As part of the overall project risks. Explanation {Having a distributed project team comes with risks. These risks need to be identified in the charter as an overall risk for the project.}

The contractor has completed a portion of a major deliverable for the project. The procurement department has informed the project manager the vendor was paid for this work. The contractor has informed the project manager the payment made was not for the completed work and needs more money. What should the project manager do next? a. Have the contractor send you his invoices for payment b. Conduct a procurement audit c. Review the deliverable to ensure it was completed correctly d. Inform the contractor to settle this dispute with the procurement departmen

b. Conduct a procurement audit Explanation {The best choice here would be to conduct the procurement audit to see what was done, what wasn't done and what was paid or not.}

An organization is currently using predictive approaches to design a new product. The new product has many uncertain requirements. The organization hires a new project manager for this project to implement agile methods. What should the project manager do to deliver this project? a. Create a project management plan with a set scope statement b. Create the backlog and complete the work in iterations c. Ask the project sponsor for a detailed list of requirements in order to proceed on the project d. Inform the organization it would be best to continue using predictive methods

b. Create the backlog and complete the work in iterations Explanation {Since the requirements are unclear. Best create this product using agile methods and building the product in increments. This way stakeholders would be able to give feedback to clarify the scope.}

A company starts implementing scrum. About halfway through the first sprint, communication issues develop. Some project team members are not in sync with other team members. What is the cause of this communications gap? a. The project status dashboard has not been updated b. Daily standup meetings were not held or enforced c. The project sprint board has not been updated d. The communications management plan has not been developed

b. Daily standup meetings were not held or enforced Explanation {The daily standup meeting is where team members are able to present their issues and say what they are working on during that day.}

An agile project team has realized that the customer doesn't have much trust in them in order to create a deliverable that delivers value. The sprint is almost done. The team has tried to interact with the customer but has failed. When should the team brainstorm ideas on how to get the trust of the customer? a. At the start of the first sprint b. During the next retrospective meeting. c. During the sprint planning meeting. d. Immediately after the sprint starts.

b. During the next retrospective meeting. Explanation {The retrospective allows the team to learn about, improve and adapt their processes. It's in this meeting they would find ways to gain the customer's trust.}

A recently executed project has team members that are growing frustrated with each other. This is due to the lack of expectations between team members. This is beginning to affect the entire team and may cause delays to the project. What document should the project manager review to address this issue? a. Communications management plan b. Team charter c. Project charter d. Stakeholder Engagement plan

b. Team charter Explanation {The best course of action here would be to review the team charter. The team charter will outline expected behaviors and project expectations}

A project manager implemented an approved change to manage a component failure. One month after the implemented change, the PM learns that the change did not work and it may cause more issues. What should the project manager do to prevent this from happening again? a. Update the lessons learned register with the component failure. b. Follow up to verify that the change is performing as expected. c. Update the risk matrix after assessing any new risks. d. Revisit or change existing assumptions in the assumption log.

b. Follow up to verify that the change is performing as expected. Explanation {Once a change is implemented, it should be monitored to ensure the results of the change are as expected.}

The project manager created a charter for a new software project. A senior stakeholder feels this project will have a negative impact on her employees. What should the project manager do first? a. Document as a risk in the risk register. b. Have a meeting with the stakeholder to review the project objectives. c. Have the stakeholder meet with the team for a better explanation of the project. d. Request for the project sponsor to speak with this stakeholder.

b. Have a meeting with the stakeholder to review the project objectives. Explanation {The first thing the PM needs to do is to make sure the project objectives are well understood before taking any action.}

A hybrid project is about 50% complete with a CPI of 1.0, then after 55% the CPI .95, then after 60% the CPI is .90. What should the project manager do first about this? a. Have a meeting with the sponsor to inform him that the project is progressing well b. Have a meeting with the team to determine why the trend is going over the budget c. Implement a change request to get more funds to complete the project on budget d. Calculate the EAC, then implement a change request

b. Have a meeting with the team to determine why the trend is going over the budget Explanation {The PM should meet with the to understand why the project is trending over budget before implementing a change request.}

The organization wants to move to an agile approach. What principles should the organization start following to accomplish this goal? (Choose 2) a. Implement a change control process b. Have management directly communicate with the project team c. Design a digital communication system. d. Allow the team to choose what order the work should get done. e. Start using a product backlog that is ordered by the product owner.

b. Have management directly communicate with the project team e. Start using a product backlog that is ordered by the product owner. Explanation {Agile projects is about open communications and getting the most valuable work done first, which is usually done by the product owner.}

A customer requests a technical change on a major deliverable. The Project Manager researched and finds this change is extremely complex. What should the Project Manager do with the customer's request? a. Determine why this customer wants this change. b. Have the team research how to implement the change and what its effects would be on the project. c. Work with team members to implement the new change. d. Research the methods of implementation and have the customer approved the change.

b. Have the team research how to implement the change and what its effects would be on the project. Explanation {As a technical issue, the team should be in charge of assessing this change due to its complex nature. After the assessment then the change can be implemented. When a change is requested its always best to research and asses it.}

A project manager has been assigned a new agile project. After the assignments, he found out that he would need to leave the project for six weeks. He would only spend two weeks with the team at the beginning. How can the Project Manager develop the new project team over the next two weeks? a. Managed team using frequent emails. b. Help the team create a team charter that will encourage team unity. c. Assign one member to serve as the project manager while gone. d. Have the team determine the best way to communicate by themselves.

b. Help the team create a team charter that will encourage team unity. Explanation {This will allow the team to normalize themselves and be self-servicing when the project manager is away.}

An agile project manager believes that a delay in developing the feature was due to a lack of a specific skill that was needed by the agile team. How could the Project Manager prevent this situation in the future? a. Have team members train each other on skills other may be lacking. b. Identify required strengths, and then train the team based on those strengths. c. Have specialized training for the team throughout the project. d. Have the project sponsor work with the team members to assign training for specific skills.

b. Identify required strengths, and then train the team based on those strengths. Explanation {The Project Manager should know the required strengths and skill sets needed for a project. Then they can build the team around those strengths.}

The project team has completed building the deliverables for the project. Upon inspection by the customers, they notice a few missing requirements. What should the project manager do to fix this issue? a. Add this to the issue log b. Implement a change request to add the additional feature c. Implement a change request to remove the missing features d. Inform the customers the feature is not needed

b. Implement a change request to add the additional feature Explanation {A project is supposed to be completed scope within a given time and budget. In this situation, it would be best to implement the change request to ensure all the features that were originally part of the scope to get completed.}

A project manager has reviewed a partially complete deliverable and found that it has a few minor defects. These defects may cause complications when it's being used by the customer. The project has a CPI of .97 and an SPI of .98. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Report this issue to the project sponsor and seek guidance b. Initiate a change request with the change control board c. Reinspected the deliverable to ensure of the defect d. Have the team fixed the issue since the project has an adequate budget and time left

b. Initiate a change request with the change control board Explanation {Since this will require additional time and cost to fix, it would be best to initiate a change request to add additional time and costs to complete the repairs on this defect.}

The PMO has assigned a new Project Manager to a project, and the sponsor asks the new Project Manager to develop the quality management plan. How should the new Project Manager proceed? a. Schedule a meeting with the sponsor to collect requirements for the plan. b. Meet with the PMO to identify established plans and processes. c. Wait for the PMO to provide the quality management plan. d. Obtain the necessary benchmarking scores from the customers.

b. Meet with the PMO to identify established plans and processes. Explanation {The new Project Manager needs to consult with the PMO to find out what practices and processes are already in place.}

During a highly regulated project, a customer has requested a change that appears to not meet the legal requirements. What should be the first step in the Project Manager's response? a. Send the change to the change control board for approval. b. Meet with the organization's legal department to gain more of an understanding of the law. c. Inform the customer the change is outside the scope of the project. d. Reject the change.

b. Meet with the organization's legal department to gain more of an understanding of the law. Explaantion {The first step would be to investigate the change and understand if it is something that can legally be done before asking the change control board about the change.}

To determine which features to create first, the product owner did a feasibility study. After the feasibility study was done, the product owner prioritizes the product backlog. However, the project team disagrees with the prioritized product backlog, claiming the work is infeasible in that order. What should the project manager do first in this situation? a. Inform the product owner the work will need to be reprioritized. b. Meet with the team to understand why the work is infeasible before meeting with the product owner. c. Review the results of the feasibility study. d. Reprioritize the product backlog with the team.

b. Meet with the team to understand why the work is infeasible before meeting with the product owner. Explanation {The best course of action would be to meet with the team to understand why they feel this way and then inform the product owner of the result.}

A project's sponsor has been replaced by a large PMO due to the nature of the project and the effect on the organization. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Guarantee that the PMO members receive the project's current status report. b. Modify the communications management plan to the PMO c. Schedule a meeting with the PMO and the team, but continue to follow the original communications management plan. d. Follow the original communications management plan

b. Modify the communications management plan to the PMO Explanation {The Project Manager needs to be proactive and respond to this change. The same communication that was planned for a sponsor will not necessarily work for this PMO.}

A project manager joins a project with a worldwide distributed virtual team and a budget that is fixed and a scope that is driven by certain regulations. What should the Project Manager do to avoid any scope creep? a. Ask that all team members report all work to the project manager only b. Put any changes to scope through a formal approval process c. Have teams do weekly meetings d. Don't allow stakeholders to directly interact with the members

b. Put any changes to scope through a formal approval process Explanation {Scope creep can be avoided by adherence to the agreed upon change management process. Key phrase " A scope that is driven by certain regulations" Meaning changes to the scope is not allowed}

A Project Manager receives a list of assumptions, a few restrictions from the PMO and a preliminary scope from the sponsor. What should the project manager do next? a. Build the project schedule b. Review or create the business case c. Ensure project charter approval d. Build the project team

b. Review or create the business case Explanation {The business case should be done before a charter can be written. The charter has to be created before its approved}

You have been recently assigned a job as a project manager on an ongoing project. The customer has just requested a change to reduce the budget by 20%. What should you do first? a. Meet with the team to discuss how this change may impact the project b. Review the change management plan c. Submit the change to the change control board d. Look for ways to reduce the schedule and scope to decrease the budget by 20%

b. Review the change management plan Explanation {On a project, the first action a project manager should do is review the project documentations such as the change management plan, before taking any actions.}

Due to severe weather, the project has been delayed by over two months. The project manager has requested a change to increase the project schedule but was denied by the change control board. The board claimed the project manager did not follow the right procedures. What should the project manager do next? a. Review the project schedule to determine how else the project can get back on track. b. Review the change management plan. c. Inform the sponsor that the project will be delayed by two months. d. Informed the team, they will need to work overtime to complete the project on time.

b. Review the change management plan. Explanation {The project manager should first review the change management plan to understand what was the procedure that should have been followed when requesting a change. If any procedure was not followed correctly, the change could be resubmitted using the correct procedure.}

A key stakeholder on the project is very upset that they have not been included in the regular project communications. This has led to the stakeholder missing vital reports on the project performance. What should the project manager do first to resolve this communications issue? a. Meet with the stakeholder to understand why he wants the report b. Review the project management plan c. Implement a change request to fix the communications management plan d. Meet with the team to understand why the stakeholder was not updated

b. Review the project management plan Explanation {The best course of action would be to first review the project management plan which will include the communication and stakeholder engagement plan to better understand what communications should have taken place before trying to resolve this issue.}

A network implementation project has just been executed. The plan is approved and the work has started. Quality is the most important part of this project. What should the project manager do to ensure the project meets its quality requirements? a. Create a Quality management plan b. Review the work being done on a regular basis c. Conduct inspections on the completed deliverables d. Create and implement quality metrics

b. Review the work being done on a regular basis Explanation {The best answer here would be to review the work on a regular basis, this would ensure work is getting done according to plan.}

A team is currently working on a hybrid project and many of the project requirements are not being met. Many senior stakeholders are unhappy with the progress so far. What should a project manager do to handle the situation? a. Assess the team performance b. Schedule frequent meetings with the stakeholders to better understand the requirements c. Remove the team members that are causing issues on the project d. Meet with the team and review the requirements document.

b. Schedule frequent meetings with the stakeholders to better understand the requirements Explanation {It would be best to have the team meet with the stakeholders periodically throughout the project so they can gain feedback on what was done.}

An organization has just adopted a hybrid approach to all internal projects. They have conducted hybrid training for all of the internal project managers. After a few of the projects have started, the PMO has noticed the team members are having major issues conducting the project work due to team members working slow or have issues with each other. What could've gone wrong in the training for the project managers? a. Training didn't teach how project managers should assign work to the team b. The training didn't teach the principles of servant leadership c. The training did not include team members d. Training didn't teach about backlog prioritization

b. The training didn't teach the principles of servant leadership Explanation {One of the core concepts of agile project management is to keep the team motivated is to support them, coach them and give them the tools they need to succeed. This is all done using servant leadership.}

A project manager is working on a project where the scope is at a high level and will need to hire a vendor to conduct the work. The PMO wants the project to have a signed contract. What contract should be used? a. Firm fixed price (FFP) contract. b. Time and material (TM) contract. c. Fixed price incentive fee (FPIF) contract. d. Cost plus incentive fee (CPIF) contract.

b. Time and material (TM) contract. Explanation {A time and materials contract is where the seller bills the buyer for all work perform and all materials used. It's best used on a project where the scope is not detailed. This has the most risk to the buyer.}

During an agile project, a team member fixes a major issue utilizing a very complicated step-by-step procedure that will be hard to replicate in the future. This issue might arise again later in future projects. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Wait until the project closes to update the lesson learn register b. Update the lesson learn register yourself c. Have the team member document the procedures to keep in the project files d. Ask the team member to update the lesson learn register

b. Update the lesson learn register yourself Explanation {Since this needs to get added to the lesson learn register, it would be best to add it yourself to ensure it is done correctly can be passed on to other projects.}

A Project Manager notices stakeholders are not involved in the project. The PM held a few meetings and still, no stakeholder was active during the meeting. This can lead to deliverables not getting accepted. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Add this as a risk to the project. b. Use effective facilitation techniques. c. Make use of political awareness techniques. d. Have the team hold the meeting

b. Use effective facilitation techniques. Explanation {Facilitation is the ability to effectively guide a group event to a successful decision, solution, or conclusion. A facilitator ensures that there is effective participation and that participants achieve a mutual understanding.}

During a meeting with the organization's management, they indicate that they will reject an iteration's deliverable. What should the Project Manager do? a. File a change request with the change control board (CCB) in order to add budget and scope to the baseline. b. Work with the organization's management to create a shared approach that will address the issues of concern. c. Send a request to the project sponsors, asking them to update the project charter. d. Meet with the project team to add new and improved features to replace the features that were rejected.

b. Work with the organization's management to create a shared approach that will address the issues of concern. Explanation {Taking any other step, first work with the organization management to create a shared approach to what the product should be and then addressing issues.}

While working on a product development hybrid project, the team identified a major issue that could lead to the complete failure of the product. What should the project manager do to resolve this issue? a. Add this issue to the risk register b. Work with the team to brainstorm a solution and implement the solution c. Modify the scope statement to resolve the issue d. Notify the project sponsor and ask for a solution

b. Work with the team to brainstorm a solution and implement the solution Explanation {The main objective here would be to resolve the issue by working with the team to come up with practical solutions and then implement the solutions.}

The project manager has just learned that a stakeholder is very upset that he was not included as one of the original stakeholders on the project. He has given the project manager a few requirements that he wants to be added to the scope. What should the project manager do next? a. Update the stakeholder engagement plan b. Implement a change request to add additional changes c. Arrange to meet with the stakeholder to understand his requirements for the project d. Review the scope management plan

c. Arrange to meet with the stakeholder to understand his requirements for the project Explanation {It is always best to meet with stakeholders individually to understand what your issues are the best ways to go around fixing them. This should be the first thing that should be done}

A mid-size project with about 100 stakeholders is close to completion, so the Project Manager must prepare to officially close the project. How should the Project Manager obtain signoff on the acceptance of project deliverables? a. Ask the team to sign off. b. Ask the steering committee to sign off. c. Ask the project sponsor to sign off. d. Ask functional managers to sign off.

c. Ask the project sponsor to sign off. Explanation {The sponsor provided the resources for the project and it is, therefore, his responsibility to officially sign off on the project deliverables.}

A Project Manager realizes during the 2nd sprint of the project that the project management plan software is not showing updates due to a potential software error. Which action should the Project Manager do? a. Stop using the software and alert the PMO. b. Assign one team member to fix the software. c. Fix this error independently by meeting with the IT department. d. Update the issue log on the project to get the team involved.

c. Fix this error independently by meeting with the IT department. Explanation {In an Agile approach, the Project Manager should work to protect the team against impediments around building the product. This question addresses administrative work that doesn't require technical knowledge and should be handled by the PM.}

One of the sprints on an agile project has become very complex. The product owner would like the work to be completed within four weeks, but the project manager thinks this may take longer. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Facilitate the team and push them to complete the work within four weeks b. Hire an outside consultant to help the team c. Have the agile team work together to complete the work as fast as possible d. Inform the product owner that it will take a few more weeks to complete

c. Have the agile team work together to complete the work as fast as possible Explanation {It would be best to let this self-organized and cross-functional team work on the sprint as fast as they could while facilitating and coaching them to complete the work. Remember servant leaders NEVER Push or Force their team.}

During a sprint, the team encounters issues that may cause a delay in the completion of the sprint. Another team within the project needs the sprint to be completed on time in order to meet their schedule. The team that prioritize the iteration backlog didn't account for the other team. What can the Project Manager do to fix this problem? a. Hire external help to complete the work sooner. b. Have the project team work harder to complete on time. c. Have the product owner reprioritize the iteration backlog for value and account for relationships between teams d. Ask team members to finish their work and then engage in a retrospective after completion of the sprint.

c. Have the product owner reprioritize the iteration backlog for value and account for relationships between teams Explanation {Reprioritizing the backlog may improve the probability of success since it may allow work to be in another order.}

A project is 9 months into execution. The Project Manager computes that the schedule performance index (SPI) is .60. The SPI was .9 in month 1, .8 in month 4 and .7 in month 8. What should the project do in this situation? a. Crash the project schedule. b. Hire new team members to complete the work faster. c. Issue a change request. d. Utilize the management reserve.

c. Issue a change request. Explanation {Since the project is behind schedule and the trend analysis shows that this will continue, the best course of action is to update the project management plan with a new realistic schedule.}

A Project manager has noticed that a hybrid project was behind schedule and has implemented new resources to speed up the work. This method did not work and the project is still behind schedule. The project manager has decided to escalate this issue. What should the Project Manager do first? a. Review the risk management plan. b. Review the stakeholder engagement plan. c. Refer to the communications management plan. d. Refer to the change management plan.

c. Refer to the communications management plan. Explanation {The communications management plan will detail how the project communications will occur. This includes how to escalate issues.}

A project manager has just been informed by the sponsor that the project will need to be completed three months earlier than expected. This is due to an early launch date that the CEO has requested. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Implement resource leveling to finish it sooner b. Have the team implement the change request to reduce the schedule c. Schedule a meeting with the sponsor to review the impact of this change d. Update the project management plan to finish the project three months earlier by removing certain parts of the scope

c. Schedule a meeting with the sponsor to review the impact of this change Explanation {The best solution would be to meet with the sponsor to let him know that finishing the project earlier could result in scope and cost changes.}

A new hybrid project has been executed. The Project Manager notices a stakeholder believes the project's deliverables are not achievable. Which should the Project Manager do in this situation? a. Ensure that the stakeholder understands the risk management plan. b. Assess the project charter thoroughly with this stakeholder on a conference call. c. Perform a risk analysis. d. Assess the project scope while analyzing the stakeholder's needs and expectations.

d. Assess the project scope while analyzing the stakeholder's needs and expectations. Explanation {It is important to understand the needs of stakeholders and why they feel this way. Then take actions to ensure requirements are met.}

A new product is released. When a customer identifies performance issues with this product, the Project Manager realizes the wrong tool was used to collect the customer requirements. Which tool should the Project Manager have used? a. Appraisal costs. b. Cost-benefit analysis. c. Cost of quality. d. Benchmarks

d. Benchmarks Explanation {Benchmarks are used to assess a product against industry standards}

A customer asks the Project Manager for a new product feature during a meeting. What document should the Project Manager refer to find out who has the authority to approve this request? a. Change log. b. Scope management plan. c. Change request. d. Change management plan

d. Change management plan Explanation {The change management plan describes the process for submitting, evaluating and implementing changes to the project}

A project manager working on a critical project has been told that if the project fails the company can endure extreme hardship going forward. The company has conducted a similar project many times before. What should the project manager do to ensure this project is successful? a. Keep a close eye on the cost and budget b. Closely manage the scope to ensure no scope creep c. Work with external vendors to ensure work is done correctly d. Engage the stakeholders and motivate the team

d. Engage the stakeholders and motivate the team Explanation {In this scenario, it would be best to keep the stakeholders engage and motivate the team. Since the company has conducted this project many times before, there would be no need to closely manage the cost, budget, or scope more than keeping the team motivated and engaging stakeholders.}

A recently completed agile project that spanned multiple countries over a period of two years has led to major dissatisfaction with the key stakeholders. They claim the project took too long and did not deliver on all promises. What actions should the project manager have taken to prevent this outcome? (Choose 2) a. Implement change management process requiring a written change request b. Ensure changes to the project scope could not have been done once the plan was approved c. Ensure customers communicated with the project manager only and not the team d. Engage the stakeholders throughout the project by conducting Sprint review meetings e. Allow customers to change the scope as needed as project was progressing

d. Engage the stakeholders throughout the project by conducting Sprint review meetings e. Allow customers to change the scope as needed as project was progressing

A Project Manager working on a traditional project receives complaints from a project sponsor because a prototype was delayed. The Project Manager responds that the delay was due to a lack of knowledge by the project team. How should the Project Manager avoid this type of situation in the future? a. Have the team work through issues, as they will learn more this way. b. Have the sponsor train the team on the required skill. c. Conduct training sessions when the project start to ensure all members have adequate skills d. Have a list of required skills when the project starts, and then assign the work based on those skills.

d. Have a list of required skills when the project starts, and then assign the work based on those skills. Explanation {When a project starts to project manager should be aware of all the required skills to take to complete the project, then organize the work around the skills of the team members. When its a traditional project YOU assign the roles}

During an agile project, the customers have been requesting a lot of additions to the product backlog and also sending detailed emails to the project team about errors in the software. This may cause a delay in the project as the team is usually late with a response. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Tell the customers to attend the retrospective meetings to give their feedback b. Inform the team to respond to the customers right away c. Inform the customers it is correct to send it to the team d. Have the customer send you the additions and errors

d. Have the customer send you the additions and errors Explanation {By agile principles, it would be best for the customers to send you the errors and additions. The job of the servant leader is to shield the team from things that might distract them from completing the sprint goal.}

A recently started project has just been notified of a new government regulation that requires a new permit to build a component of the project. The permit will take an additional month to get. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Update the risk register b. Have the team assess if the permit is actually needed c. Add an additional month to the project schedule d. Implement a change request to update the schedule

d. Implement a change request to update the schedule Explanation {The project manager should update the schedule by getting an approved change request. This will ensure the project has enough time to get the required permit.}

A few key stakeholders are very upset that the performance reports for the project are outdated. This has led management to believe the project is behind schedule. What should the project manager do to ensure the performance reports are updated? a. Update the performance report and send it to the company internal network b. Implement a change request to extend the project schedule to add the time needed to update the report. c. Reassign a team member on the project to update the report d. Implement a system to keep the report updated regularly and send them to the stakeholders

d. Implement a system to keep the report updated regularly and send them to the stakeholders Explanation {The project manager should update the report and implement a system to ensure it is done regularly.}

The project manager has worked with the current customers on a previous traditional project. The customers have informed the project manager that this new agile project is delivering products that are not meeting the requirements. What should the project manager do in this scenario? a. Tell the customers changes can be done once the product goes to operations b. Have the customers review and prioritize the product backlog c. Stop the project to review the requirements d. Inform the customers to attend the iteration review meetings

d. Inform the customers to attend the iteration review meetings Explanation {The best course of action would be to inform the customers to attend iteration review meetings so they can give feedback as the product is being built.}

An organization has just implemented its first agile project. The product owner is concerned that risks will not be managed correctly and could cause issues on the project. What should the project manager do to address these concerns with the product owner? a. Ensure there is adequate contingency built into the project budget b. Implement a risk register for the entire project that will be updated throughout the project c. Inform the product owner since scope and time is fixed, there is less risk d. Inform the product owner that risk is managed through many agile ceremonies and meetings

d. Inform the product owner that risk is managed through many agile ceremonies and meetings Explanation {During agile projects, risks are continuously monitored and responded to during the daily standup meetings, sprint review meetings and retrospectives.}

While working on a software development agile project, a team member is having difficulty with some of the work. The project manager has done some research and has determined that this is due to the lack of knowledge by the team member. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Instruct the team member on how to fix the problem b. Replace the team member with someone with the correct knowledge c. Reassign the team member to another part of the project d. Meet with the project team and have them come up with a solution to solve the issue

d. Meet with the project team and have them come up with a solution to solve the issue Explanation {The best option here would be to meet with the team and bring the issue to their attention. The best solutions come from a self-organizing, self-directed team. The team should be a generalizing specialist that can help each other out when problems arise.}

A Stakeholder on a software development project is constantly calling the project team members for status updates and reporting issues that are not related to the project. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Meet with the stakeholder and review the communications management plan b. Have the team tell the stakeholder to stop this c. Inform the project sponsor of this situation and have the sponsor speak with the stakeholder d. Meet with the stakeholder to understand why this is happening and what solutions can be implemented

d. Meet with the stakeholder to understand why this is happening and what solutions can be implemented Explanation {It would be best to meet with the stakeholder to understand why he is doing this and how it can be fixed to stop interrupting the project team.}

During the daily standup meetings, team members discuss the amount of rework they have to do because the workload is too much. How should the Project Manager respond to this concern? a. Have the team use a Kanban board. b. Reduce the work in the product backlog. c. Request that the product owner reduces the work in the product backlog. d. Request that team members implement time boxing.

d. Request that team members implement time boxing. Explanation {Rework can often be caused by trying to do too much in too little time. Timeboxing is a technique to choose an appropriate window of time dedicated to a single thing.}

An agile project is about to start the first sprint when the project manager learns that the finance department will not finance the project due to concerns about how much value the project will return to the organization. What should the project manager do first after finding out about this issue? a. Speak with the product owner and ask for advice on the situation b. Continue the project until completion c. Terminate the project immediately d. Schedule a meeting with the finance department and the product owner to learn more about this issue

d. Schedule a meeting with the finance department and the product owner to learn more about this issue Explanation {A project manager should always learn more about an issue before taking action against the issue. In this scenario, it would be best to meet with the finance department to learn why the project will not be financed before taking any action.}

A small team is working virtually on a hybrid project and is having a difficult time being committed to the project. This has led to work being incomplete and defects in completed work. What should the project manager do first in this situation? a. Meet with the team as a whole and inform them of this issue and have them resolve it immediately b. Remove the team members that are having issues and replace them with more motivated members c. Meet with the project sponsor and inform him of this issue d. Speak with each team member individually to determine the root cause of this issue

d. Speak with each team member individually to determine the root cause of this issue Explanation {The best solution would be to meet with each member individually since it is a small team to better understand what is causing this. Then work with the team to find a resolution.}

A new Project Manager realized the project's daily standup meetings take over 3 hours on most days because the team spends time discussing only a specific set of issues every day. What should the project manager do in this situation? a. Hire an external team member to fix this issue to keep the meeting short. b. Invite the product owners to the standup sessions in order to resolve the issues quickly. c. Explain to team members that long discussions are okay as long as they find a solution. d. Tell the team members that they should shorten the standup meetings and improve on finding solutions.

d. Tell the team members that they should shorten the standup meetings and improve on finding solutions. Explanation {The PM should explain to the team that standup meetings are designed to be short and to the point; 10-15 mins. Problem solving discussions are held outside the daily standup.}

A project has three sponsors that will need to be active to ensure the finished product is accepted. A few weeks into the project, one sponsor informs the PM she will be out for the next three months. What should the Project Manager do? a. Update the stakeholder register. b. Revise the project management plan. c. Update the risk management plan. d. Update the stakeholder engagement plan.

d. Update the stakeholder engagement plan. Explanation {The stakeholder engagement plan is updated to reflect any issues that might impact the engagement of a stakeholder.}