Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic structures Chapter 3 and 4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ____i____ and on the surface of ____ii_____. (write name of cellular structure)
i)cytoplasm ii)rough
Which terms means that a cell can have various shapes? A) Pleomorphic B)Coccobacillus C) Variability
pleomorphic
After staining, you visualize the specimen. You identify single-celled organisms that possess a nucleus, and you can see pseudopods extending from the organism. You believe that this patient is suffering from an infection caused by a A. helminth. B. protozoan. C. fungus. D. bacterium.
B. protozoan. amoeba= pseudopods are the means to move by protozoa nucleus-indicates eukaryote
peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall in ________ A) Protozoans B) Bacteria C) Archea D)Fungi
Bacteria
__________________ are for cells survival under extreme environmental conditions rather than reproduction
Bacteria Endospores
Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted disease cause by: A. a prokaryotic alga B. a eukaryotic fungus C. a eukaryotic protozoan D. a prokaryotic bacterium
C. a eukaryotic protozoan
Unicellular, round to oval shaped fungi that reproduce by budding are called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. yeast
E. yeast see yeast characteristics and modls
Many bacteria can generate _____ in the absence of oxygen by sharing electron with substances in the environment such as iron A)nutrients B)water C)Energy D) nanowires
Energy
__________ posses DNA enclosed in nucleus and membrane-bound organelles whereas ________ and archaea do not encase their DNA or organelles in a membrane
Eukaryotes bacteria
The ribosome is the eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial : A. true B. False
False
Protoplasts were gram positive cell that lost its cell wall because of mutations or chemical treatment. A) True B) False
True see cell wall deficient prokaryotes
Which is more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals? A)Typical gram-positive bacteria B)Typical gram-negative bacteria
Typical gram-negative bacteria
Flagellum, pili and plasmids are structures that are found in some bacterial cells but not in all bacterial cells. A. True B. False
A
Which of the two following functions of the type IV pilus? A)transfer genetic material B) conduct electrical currents C) protects from desiccation D) attach to surfaces
A D
A patient's stool sample that has been examined under the microscope revealed 5μm rod cells arranged in chains of 2 cells. From your microbiology class you know that this arrangement and morphology of the cells is called: A. diplobacillus B. diplococcus C. staphylococcus D. streptobacillus E. spirilum
A Diplo=2 Bacillus= rod
Next to the bacterial genus write (E) if they form endospore or (A) if they have mycolic acids in cell wall: ___Nocardia (lung disease-causing bacteria) ___Clostridium perfringens (gangrene-causing bacteria) ___ Bacillus anthracis (anthrax- causing bacteria). ___ Mycobacterium smegmatis (normal flora of body)
A Nocardia (lung disease-causing bacteria) E Clostridium perfringens (gangrene-causing bacteria) E Bacillus anthracis (anthrax- causing bacteria). A Mycobacterium smegmatis (normal flora of body)
Bacteria that are spatially close to one another may be able to communicate via which tow of the following methods? A) chemically B) via light modulation C) via nano wires D) genetically E) via sound
A and C
Which of the following statements about a gram-positive cell wall is true? Mark all that apply A) It maintains the shape of the cell B) It is sensitive to lysozyme. C) It contains LPS D) It contains teichoic acids E) It is sensitive to penicillin.
A) It maintains the shape of the cell B) It is sensitive to lysozyme. D) It contains teichoic acids E) It is sensitive to penicillin .
The eukaryotic cell membrane acts as A) a selectively permeable barrier B) the location for ribosomes to bind for protein synthesis C)energy generator for the electron transport system D)the location of photosynthesis
A) a selectively permeable barrier
Mark all the reasons why gram positives result in a particular color (different from gram negatives) A) gram positives have a thick layer of peptidoglycan B) gram positives have an outer membrane C) gram positives have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan D) gram positives have teichoic acids E) gram positives retain crystal violet after alcohol step , if done for a short time
A) gram positives have a thick layer of peptidoglycan D) gram positives have teichoic acids E) gram positives retain crystal violet after alcohol step , if done for a short time
You are viewing a sputum smear that has been stained with an acid-fast stain. On this smear you see 6-µm- long red cells. You can conclude that ________. A) there are acid-fast bacteria in the specimen B) human cells are acid-fast C) the normal microbiota of the sputum are acid-fast D) there are no acid-fast bacteria in the specimen E) the normal microbiota are gram-negative
A) there are acid-fast bacteria in the specimen Red= acid fast (positive result ) 6-µm= size of most bacteria
The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound series of sacs and tubules that function in (choose two) A)Storage B) carbohydrate metabolism C) transport D) DNA replication
A)Storage, C) transport
Match each cell structure with its cellular location A)glycocalyx B)cytoplasmic membrane C)actin filaments
A)glycocalyx-external B)cytoplasmic membrane- boundary C)actin filaments-internal
Which three structures compromise a bacterial flagellum? A) Filament B)Centrioles C)Periplasmic space D)Hook E) Basal Body
A,D and E
In eukaryotic cells, which of the following contains DNA? (Mark all that apply) A. mitochondria B. endoplasmic reticulum C. nucleolus D. chloroplast E. Golgi aparatus
A. mitochondria and D. chloroplast
Mark with an X the groups of microorganisms that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall as the main component: _____ Archaea _____ gram positive _____ gram negatives _____ Mycoplasma _____ spheroplasts _____ fungi
Archaea Mycoplasma----| |------L form cell wall deficient spheroplasts----|
The flagellar arrangement where the bacterium has one flagellum at each pole of the cell is called: A. lophotrichous B. amphitricous C. peritrichous D. monotrichous
B
if you observe rod-shaped, purple cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain lipopolisaccharides. A. True B. False
B LPS is part if gram
Prokaryotes include bacteria and viruses. A. True B. False
B Viruses are not cells.Prokaryotes is a type of cell
The following structures are found in ALL bacterial cells except: A. Cytoplasm B. endospores C. ribosomes D. chromosome E. cell membrane
B endospores are only found in Bacillus and clostridium
The antibiotic Nystatyn which disrupts plasma membranes by combining with sterols; it will affect all of the following cells except: A) animal cells in general B) bacterial cells in general C) fungal cells in general D) Mycoplasma cells
B) bacterial cells in general The rest have Sterols because of animals cell is Eukaryota
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened sacs referred to as A)Endoplasmic reticulum B) cisternae c) tubules D) transport vesicies
B)Cisternae
Which of the following organelles typically receives protiens from the endoplasmic reticulum? A)Chloroplast B)Golgi C)Nucleus D) Lysosome E) Mitochondrion
B)Golgi
Where is DNA contained in eukaryotic cells? A)cytoplasm B)Nucleus C)Nucleolus
B)nucleus
Mark all that apply for helminths : A. In humans, they are more likely to infect skin. B. Their most developed organs are the reproductive tract C. They can cause diseases like athletes foot D. They can cause diseases by people ingesting their eggs E. In humans they are more likely to infect digestive tract.
B. Their most developed organs are the reproductive tract D. They can cause diseases by people ingesting their eggs E. In humans they are more likely to infect digestive tract.
The reason why gram positive cells are more resistant from rupturing due to osmotic pressure is due to : A. endospore it contain. B. cell wall composition. C. cell membrane composition. D. capsule it contains. E. plasmid found inside gram positives
B. cell wall composition. because gram + have thicker cell walls that makes them more resistant to lysis
The Transfer of genetic material through pill is termed ?
Conjugation
The bacterial flagellum moves by A) expanding and contracting B) undulating back and forth C) rotating 360 degrees
C
what does selectively permeable mean ? A) all materials move through freely B)Blocks the passage of most materials, including small molecules. C) allows the passage of some materials but not all materials move through freely
C
Based upon the information you have received from the laboratory, you inform the patient of his condition. In doing so, you tell him that this infection may be difficult to treat with antibiotics. Which part of the cell envelope restricts the passage of many of these drugs into gram-negative bacteria? A. peptidoglycan B. cell membrane C. outer membrane D. lipopolisaccharide
C found exterior to cell membrane in gram- bacteria reason why gram - are more difficult to treat as compared to gram +
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called A. flagella B. cilia C. fimbriae D. pili
C found in eukaryotic cells only
The two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria are the A) capsule B) biofilm C) cell membrane D) cell wall E) gycocalyx
C and D
What collective name is given to various filaments and tubules that criss-cross the cell's interior, hold various organelles in place, enable movement of intracellular structures and give the cell internal structural integrity? A) Cytoplasm B)Lysosomes C)Cytoskeleton D) Golgi
C) Cytoskeleton
Which of the following is a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes A) Chioroplast B) Ribosome C) Lysosome D) Peroxisome
C) Lysosome
Which of the following describes cocci in irregular clusters ? A) Diplococci B) Tetrads C) Staphylococci D) streptococci
C) Staphylococci
The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated when one cell type engulfed another is termed ______ A) conjugation B) heterotrophy C) endosymbiosis D) parasitism
C) endosymbiosis
What structures carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus A)Secretory Vesicles B)Axonal Vesicles C)Transitional Vesicles D)Condensing Vesicles
C)Transition Vesicles
Which structure provides selective permeability to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. glycocalyx B. fimbriae C. cell membrane D. outer cell membrane E. capsule
C. cell membrane selective permeability- function of cell membrane to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Mark all that apply to cyst (are true about cysts) A. form when protozoa are in motile feeding stage B. form when protozoa are actively growing C. form when protozoa are dying D. is the same as a trophozoite E. form when protozoa are expose to harsh environmental conditions F. Usually are responsible for transmitting and spreading disease G. Are not easily destroy by heat H. Are more resistant than trophozoites
C. form when protozoa are dying E. form when protozoa are expose to harsh environmental conditions F. Usually are responsible for transmitting and spreading disease G. Are not easily destroy by heat H. Are more resistant than trophozoites cysts from when trophozoite is dying
Which of the following is mismatched? A .ribosomes - protein synthesis B. inclusions - storage for cell nutrients and materials C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism D.nucleoid - genetic material E.cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous, aqueous, solution
C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism plasmids are octva chromosomal genes that only soem cells have and there for they are not essential for cell survival
Which of the following structures is external and can protect the bacterial cell from various host immune responses? A)Cell wall B)Capsule C)Cell membrane D)Flagella
Capsule
Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell ? A) Cell Membrane B) Cell wall C) Capsule
Cell Membrane
Which cell is designed to provide shape ,support and resistance to osmotic pressure ? A) Flagellum B) Gycocalyx C)Call wall D) Cell membrane
Cell wall
Nano tubes or nano-wire are long extensions of the ______ that bacteria use a channels to transfer nutrients or electrons A)Cytoplasmic Membrane B) bacterial chromosome C) fimbriae D) flagella
Cytoplasmic Membrane
Which two macromolecules are the major components of cell membranes? A)Nucleic acids B)Waxes C)Carbohydrates D)Protiens E)Lipids
D E
The two main functions of the gycocalyx are _____ and ____ A)reproduction B) cell division C) Protein synthesis D) adherence E) protection
D and E
The two types of gycocalyx in bacteria are A) peptidoglycan B) outer membrane C) lipopolysaccharide D) capsules E) slime layer
D and E
Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? A) Peritrichous flagella B) Amphitrichous flagella C) Monotrichous flagella D) Lophotrichous flagella
D) Lophotrichous flagella
The _________ vacuole helps regulate osmotic pressure in protozoa that live in a hypotonic environment A) Lysosomal B) peroxide C) ribosome D) contractile
D) contractile
Ralf comes to the hospital feeling chest and back pains when he coughs. He has some fever and a wheezing sound coming from the chest. A sample of sputum was taken from the patient and it had some blood. Bacteria is isolated from the sputum and analyzed. It showed it lacked peptidoglycan. Doctors ordered an Acid fast staining. Results revealed non-acid fast cells. Based on these findings, you hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be: A. Haemophilus influenzae (gram negative bacterium) B. Nocardia C. Streptococcus pneumoniae. (gram positive bacterium) D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (no cell wall no acid fast)
The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of: A. sterols. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. cholesterol. E. All of the choices are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the A. ribosomes. B. mitochondria. C. cell wall. D. inclusions. E. cell membrane
E. cell membrane ATP- energy Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria so energy reaction occur in cell membrane
Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella___. Mark all that apply: ____A. are used for cell motility. ____B. contain the hook, basal body and filament parts ____C. facilitate phototaxis. ____D. look like long, whip-like structures. ____E. contain 9+2 microtubular arrangement.
E. contain 9+2 microtubular arrangement compare and contrast between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures
The colonization of non-living materials like catheters,intrauterine devices and metal pacemakers is a result if which bacterial structures ? A) glycocalyx B)Peptidoglycan C) S layer D) flagella
Glycocalyx
Identify a few benefits of cells being motile. A)Predator avoidance B)attraction to nutrients C)chemical avoidance D)Cellular Respiration E)Protein synthesis
Predator avoidance ; attraction to nutrients ; chemical avoidance
_____ are long, hollow protein tubes that are part the cytoskeleton
Microtubes
A cell wall and some form of glycoclyx are found in ___ bacterial cells A) most B)few C) all
Most
Only gram-_____ bacteria possess an outer membrane. A)Positive B) Negative
Negative
antibiotics of the penicillin class act on _______ so that the cell wall is compromised and the cell will lyse A) the outer memebrane B)phosphilipifds C)peptidogylcan D)the gycocalyx
Peptidoglycan
When food vacuole merges with lysosome the resulting structure is referred to as a _____
Phagosome
A________ is hollow.Protien tube that facilitates the transfer for genetic material between bacterial cells A) pilus B)Fimbria c)flagella D)capsule
Pilus
The cell membrane acts as a selectively ____ barrier between the cytoplasm and external cellular enviroment
Premeable
A pilus is a _____ structure on the surface of many bacteria A) thin solid rod-like B) rigid tubular C) flexible tubular
Rigid tubular
A cellular arrangement in which cells form a cubical package of 8 or 6 cells is termed _____ A) pleomorphic B) strepto C) palisades D) sarcina
Sarcina
Some bacteria are covered with loose shield called ______ that protects the call from dehydration and loss of nutrients
Slime layer
Membrane-bound packets that carry protein from the ER to the Golgi apparatus is called ___ ____ vesicles
Transport
The capsule provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the slime layer. A. True B. False
True
True or False : Endospores are resistant to ordinary boiling
True
True or False. bacteria that produce an S layer do so only when thy are in hostile environment
True
A cell membrane ,ribosomes ,chromosomes and cytopiasm are found in ____ bacterial cells A) all B) few C) most
all
A(n) _______ filament is a periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria
axial
During _____, bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to chemical signals A) conjugation B) chemotaxis C) binary fission D) phototaxis
chemotaxis
Secretory vesicles that are pinched off the Gogli apparatus and are conveyed to other organelles or transported outside the cell are called ____________ vesicles
condensing
The tubular, finger-like internal membrane structures of the mitochondria are called the ________
cristae
The small bristielike fibers sprouting off the surface of this bacterial cell are called
fimbriae
Which appendages provide motility? A) Fimbriae B) Flagellum C) Axial filaments D) Gycocalyx
flagella and axial filaments
The _____ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure
glycocalyx
An average sized bacterium is about one A) millimeter B) micrometer C) nanometer D) Angstrom
micrometer
Often called the "powerhouse" of cells ,the _________ is the organelle where ATP is synthesized for, cellular energy use
mitochondrion
The_______ bacteria naturally have no cell wall,but have cytoplasmic membrane that is stabilized by sterols
mycloplasma
The ___ is the small part of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place
nucleolus
The most prominent organelle in a eukaryotic cell is the ____
nucleus
The nucleolus is found within the ___ of a cell
nucleus
Cells oriented in a _______ arrangement result from having a hinge region between cells so that the cells fold back on each other
palisades
An appendage which forms a channel for exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a_____
pili
proteins are synthesized on the __________, a small spherical structure located in the cytopiasm
ribosome
Bacteria function as organism compromised of _______ A) cell organized into tissues B) single cells C) cell organized into organs
single cells
the prefix "______" means " in chain"
strepto-
Which of the following makes bacteria and archaea different from eukaryotes A) they possess a cell wall B) They lack nucleus C) they have phosphollipds in their cell membrane D) they lack chromosomes
they lack a nucleus
A membrane-bound ______ is a vesicle that may contain many different types of solid or liquid particles
vacuole
