Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic structures Chapter 3 and 4

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ____i____ and on the surface of ____ii_____. (write name of cellular structure)

i)cytoplasm ii)rough

Which terms means that a cell can have various shapes? A) Pleomorphic B)Coccobacillus C) Variability

pleomorphic

After staining, you visualize the specimen. You identify single-celled organisms that possess a nucleus, and you can see pseudopods extending from the organism. You believe that this patient is suffering from an infection caused by a A. helminth. B. protozoan. C. fungus. D. bacterium.

B. protozoan. amoeba= pseudopods are the means to move by protozoa nucleus-indicates eukaryote

peptidoglycan is a component of the cell wall in ________ A) Protozoans B) Bacteria C) Archea D)Fungi

Bacteria

__________________ are for cells survival under extreme environmental conditions rather than reproduction

Bacteria Endospores

Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted disease cause by: A. a prokaryotic alga B. a eukaryotic fungus C. a eukaryotic protozoan D. a prokaryotic bacterium

C. a eukaryotic protozoan

Unicellular, round to oval shaped fungi that reproduce by budding are called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. yeast

E. yeast see yeast characteristics and modls

Many bacteria can generate _____ in the absence of oxygen by sharing electron with substances in the environment such as iron A)nutrients B)water C)Energy D) nanowires

Energy

__________ posses DNA enclosed in nucleus and membrane-bound organelles whereas ________ and archaea do not encase their DNA or organelles in a membrane

Eukaryotes bacteria

The ribosome is the eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial : A. true B. False

False

Protoplasts were gram positive cell that lost its cell wall because of mutations or chemical treatment. A) True B) False

True see cell wall deficient prokaryotes

Which is more impervious to the action of antimicrobial chemicals? A)Typical gram-positive bacteria B)Typical gram-negative bacteria

Typical gram-negative bacteria

Flagellum, pili and plasmids are structures that are found in some bacterial cells but not in all bacterial cells. A. True B. False

A

Which of the two following functions of the type IV pilus? A)transfer genetic material B) conduct electrical currents C) protects from desiccation D) attach to surfaces

A D

A patient's stool sample that has been examined under the microscope revealed 5μm rod cells arranged in chains of 2 cells. From your microbiology class you know that this arrangement and morphology of the cells is called: A. diplobacillus B. diplococcus C. staphylococcus D. streptobacillus E. spirilum

A Diplo=2 Bacillus= rod

Next to the bacterial genus write (E) if they form endospore or (A) if they have mycolic acids in cell wall: ___Nocardia (lung disease-causing bacteria) ___Clostridium perfringens (gangrene-causing bacteria) ___ Bacillus anthracis (anthrax- causing bacteria). ___ Mycobacterium smegmatis (normal flora of body)

A Nocardia (lung disease-causing bacteria) E Clostridium perfringens (gangrene-causing bacteria) E Bacillus anthracis (anthrax- causing bacteria). A Mycobacterium smegmatis (normal flora of body)

Bacteria that are spatially close to one another may be able to communicate via which tow of the following methods? A) chemically B) via light modulation C) via nano wires D) genetically E) via sound

A and C

Which of the following statements about a gram-positive cell wall is true? Mark all that apply A) It maintains the shape of the cell B) It is sensitive to lysozyme. C) It contains LPS D) It contains teichoic acids E) It is sensitive to penicillin.

A) It maintains the shape of the cell B) It is sensitive to lysozyme. D) It contains teichoic acids E) It is sensitive to penicillin .

The eukaryotic cell membrane acts as A) a selectively permeable barrier B) the location for ribosomes to bind for protein synthesis C)energy generator for the electron transport system D)the location of photosynthesis

A) a selectively permeable barrier

Mark all the reasons why gram positives result in a particular color (different from gram negatives) A) gram positives have a thick layer of peptidoglycan B) gram positives have an outer membrane C) gram positives have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan D) gram positives have teichoic acids E) gram positives retain crystal violet after alcohol step , if done for a short time

A) gram positives have a thick layer of peptidoglycan D) gram positives have teichoic acids E) gram positives retain crystal violet after alcohol step , if done for a short time

You are viewing a sputum smear that has been stained with an acid-fast stain. On this smear you see 6-µm- long red cells. You can conclude that ________. A) there are acid-fast bacteria in the specimen B) human cells are acid-fast C) the normal microbiota of the sputum are acid-fast D) there are no acid-fast bacteria in the specimen E) the normal microbiota are gram-negative

A) there are acid-fast bacteria in the specimen Red= acid fast (positive result ) 6-µm= size of most bacteria

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound series of sacs and tubules that function in (choose two) A)Storage B) carbohydrate metabolism C) transport D) DNA replication

A)Storage, C) transport

Match each cell structure with its cellular location A)glycocalyx B)cytoplasmic membrane C)actin filaments

A)glycocalyx-external B)cytoplasmic membrane- boundary C)actin filaments-internal

Which three structures compromise a bacterial flagellum? A) Filament B)Centrioles C)Periplasmic space D)Hook E) Basal Body

A,D and E

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following contains DNA? (Mark all that apply) A. mitochondria B. endoplasmic reticulum C. nucleolus D. chloroplast E. Golgi aparatus

A. mitochondria and D. chloroplast

Mark with an X the groups of microorganisms that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall as the main component: _____ Archaea _____ gram positive _____ gram negatives _____ Mycoplasma _____ spheroplasts _____ fungi

Archaea Mycoplasma----| |------L form cell wall deficient spheroplasts----|

The flagellar arrangement where the bacterium has one flagellum at each pole of the cell is called: A. lophotrichous B. amphitricous C. peritrichous D. monotrichous

B

if you observe rod-shaped, purple cells on a slide that had just been Gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain lipopolisaccharides. A. True B. False

B LPS is part if gram

Prokaryotes include bacteria and viruses. A. True B. False

B Viruses are not cells.Prokaryotes is a type of cell

The following structures are found in ALL bacterial cells except: A. Cytoplasm B. endospores C. ribosomes D. chromosome E. cell membrane

B endospores are only found in Bacillus and clostridium

The antibiotic Nystatyn which disrupts plasma membranes by combining with sterols; it will affect all of the following cells except: A) animal cells in general B) bacterial cells in general C) fungal cells in general D) Mycoplasma cells

B) bacterial cells in general The rest have Sterols because of animals cell is Eukaryota

The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened sacs referred to as A)Endoplasmic reticulum B) cisternae c) tubules D) transport vesicies

B)Cisternae

Which of the following organelles typically receives protiens from the endoplasmic reticulum? A)Chloroplast B)Golgi C)Nucleus D) Lysosome E) Mitochondrion

B)Golgi

Where is DNA contained in eukaryotic cells? A)cytoplasm B)Nucleus C)Nucleolus

B)nucleus

Mark all that apply for helminths : A. In humans, they are more likely to infect skin. B. Their most developed organs are the reproductive tract C. They can cause diseases like athletes foot D. They can cause diseases by people ingesting their eggs E. In humans they are more likely to infect digestive tract.

B. Their most developed organs are the reproductive tract D. They can cause diseases by people ingesting their eggs E. In humans they are more likely to infect digestive tract.

The reason why gram positive cells are more resistant from rupturing due to osmotic pressure is due to : A. endospore it contain. B. cell wall composition. C. cell membrane composition. D. capsule it contains. E. plasmid found inside gram positives

B. cell wall composition. because gram + have thicker cell walls that makes them more resistant to lysis

The Transfer of genetic material through pill is termed ?

Conjugation

The bacterial flagellum moves by A) expanding and contracting B) undulating back and forth C) rotating 360 degrees

C

what does selectively permeable mean ? A) all materials move through freely B)Blocks the passage of most materials, including small molecules. C) allows the passage of some materials but not all materials move through freely

C

Based upon the information you have received from the laboratory, you inform the patient of his condition. In doing so, you tell him that this infection may be difficult to treat with antibiotics. Which part of the cell envelope restricts the passage of many of these drugs into gram-negative bacteria? A. peptidoglycan B. cell membrane C. outer membrane D. lipopolisaccharide

C found exterior to cell membrane in gram- bacteria reason why gram - are more difficult to treat as compared to gram +

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called A. flagella B. cilia C. fimbriae D. pili

C found in eukaryotic cells only

The two main components of the cell envelope in most bacteria are the A) capsule B) biofilm C) cell membrane D) cell wall E) gycocalyx

C and D

What collective name is given to various filaments and tubules that criss-cross the cell's interior, hold various organelles in place, enable movement of intracellular structures and give the cell internal structural integrity? A) Cytoplasm B)Lysosomes C)Cytoskeleton D) Golgi

C) Cytoskeleton

Which of the following is a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes A) Chioroplast B) Ribosome C) Lysosome D) Peroxisome

C) Lysosome

Which of the following describes cocci in irregular clusters ? A) Diplococci B) Tetrads C) Staphylococci D) streptococci

C) Staphylococci

The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated when one cell type engulfed another is termed ______ A) conjugation B) heterotrophy C) endosymbiosis D) parasitism

C) endosymbiosis

What structures carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus A)Secretory Vesicles B)Axonal Vesicles C)Transitional Vesicles D)Condensing Vesicles

C)Transition Vesicles

Which structure provides selective permeability to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. glycocalyx B. fimbriae C. cell membrane D. outer cell membrane E. capsule

C. cell membrane selective permeability- function of cell membrane to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Mark all that apply to cyst (are true about cysts) A. form when protozoa are in motile feeding stage B. form when protozoa are actively growing C. form when protozoa are dying D. is the same as a trophozoite E. form when protozoa are expose to harsh environmental conditions F. Usually are responsible for transmitting and spreading disease G. Are not easily destroy by heat H. Are more resistant than trophozoites

C. form when protozoa are dying E. form when protozoa are expose to harsh environmental conditions F. Usually are responsible for transmitting and spreading disease G. Are not easily destroy by heat H. Are more resistant than trophozoites cysts from when trophozoite is dying

Which of the following is mismatched? A .ribosomes - protein synthesis B. inclusions - storage for cell nutrients and materials C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism D.nucleoid - genetic material E.cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous, aqueous, solution

C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism plasmids are octva chromosomal genes that only soem cells have and there for they are not essential for cell survival

Which of the following structures is external and can protect the bacterial cell from various host immune responses? A)Cell wall B)Capsule C)Cell membrane D)Flagella

Capsule

Which of the following acts as a selective barrier between the internal and external contents of the cell ? A) Cell Membrane B) Cell wall C) Capsule

Cell Membrane

Which cell is designed to provide shape ,support and resistance to osmotic pressure ? A) Flagellum B) Gycocalyx C)Call wall D) Cell membrane

Cell wall

Nano tubes or nano-wire are long extensions of the ______ that bacteria use a channels to transfer nutrients or electrons A)Cytoplasmic Membrane B) bacterial chromosome C) fimbriae D) flagella

Cytoplasmic Membrane

Which two macromolecules are the major components of cell membranes? A)Nucleic acids B)Waxes C)Carbohydrates D)Protiens E)Lipids

D E

The two main functions of the gycocalyx are _____ and ____ A)reproduction B) cell division C) Protein synthesis D) adherence E) protection

D and E

The two types of gycocalyx in bacteria are A) peptidoglycan B) outer membrane C) lipopolysaccharide D) capsules E) slime layer

D and E

Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? A) Peritrichous flagella B) Amphitrichous flagella C) Monotrichous flagella D) Lophotrichous flagella

D) Lophotrichous flagella

The _________ vacuole helps regulate osmotic pressure in protozoa that live in a hypotonic environment A) Lysosomal B) peroxide C) ribosome D) contractile

D) contractile

Ralf comes to the hospital feeling chest and back pains when he coughs. He has some fever and a wheezing sound coming from the chest. A sample of sputum was taken from the patient and it had some blood. Bacteria is isolated from the sputum and analyzed. It showed it lacked peptidoglycan. Doctors ordered an Acid fast staining. Results revealed non-acid fast cells. Based on these findings, you hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be: A. Haemophilus influenzae (gram negative bacterium) B. Nocardia C. Streptococcus pneumoniae. (gram positive bacterium) D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (no cell wall no acid fast)

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of: A. sterols. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. cholesterol. E. All of the choices are correct

E. All of the choices are correct

The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the A. ribosomes. B. mitochondria. C. cell wall. D. inclusions. E. cell membrane

E. cell membrane ATP- energy Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria so energy reaction occur in cell membrane

Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella___. Mark all that apply: ____A. are used for cell motility. ____B. contain the hook, basal body and filament parts ____C. facilitate phototaxis. ____D. look like long, whip-like structures. ____E. contain 9+2 microtubular arrangement.

E. contain 9+2 microtubular arrangement compare and contrast between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures

The colonization of non-living materials like catheters,intrauterine devices and metal pacemakers is a result if which bacterial structures ? A) glycocalyx B)Peptidoglycan C) S layer D) flagella

Glycocalyx

Identify a few benefits of cells being motile. A)Predator avoidance B)attraction to nutrients C)chemical avoidance D)Cellular Respiration E)Protein synthesis

Predator avoidance ; attraction to nutrients ; chemical avoidance

_____ are long, hollow protein tubes that are part the cytoskeleton

Microtubes

A cell wall and some form of glycoclyx are found in ___ bacterial cells A) most B)few C) all

Most

Only gram-_____ bacteria possess an outer membrane. A)Positive B) Negative

Negative

antibiotics of the penicillin class act on _______ so that the cell wall is compromised and the cell will lyse A) the outer memebrane B)phosphilipifds C)peptidogylcan D)the gycocalyx

Peptidoglycan

When food vacuole merges with lysosome the resulting structure is referred to as a _____

Phagosome

A________ is hollow.Protien tube that facilitates the transfer for genetic material between bacterial cells A) pilus B)Fimbria c)flagella D)capsule

Pilus

The cell membrane acts as a selectively ____ barrier between the cytoplasm and external cellular enviroment

Premeable

A pilus is a _____ structure on the surface of many bacteria A) thin solid rod-like B) rigid tubular C) flexible tubular

Rigid tubular

A cellular arrangement in which cells form a cubical package of 8 or 6 cells is termed _____ A) pleomorphic B) strepto C) palisades D) sarcina

Sarcina

Some bacteria are covered with loose shield called ______ that protects the call from dehydration and loss of nutrients

Slime layer

Membrane-bound packets that carry protein from the ER to the Golgi apparatus is called ___ ____ vesicles

Transport

The capsule provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the slime layer. A. True B. False

True

True or False : Endospores are resistant to ordinary boiling

True

True or False. bacteria that produce an S layer do so only when thy are in hostile environment

True

A cell membrane ,ribosomes ,chromosomes and cytopiasm are found in ____ bacterial cells A) all B) few C) most

all

A(n) _______ filament is a periplasmic flagellum found in some spirochete bacteria

axial

During _____, bacterial cells move by flagellar motion in response to chemical signals A) conjugation B) chemotaxis C) binary fission D) phototaxis

chemotaxis

Secretory vesicles that are pinched off the Gogli apparatus and are conveyed to other organelles or transported outside the cell are called ____________ vesicles

condensing

The tubular, finger-like internal membrane structures of the mitochondria are called the ________

cristae

The small bristielike fibers sprouting off the surface of this bacterial cell are called

fimbriae

Which appendages provide motility? A) Fimbriae B) Flagellum C) Axial filaments D) Gycocalyx

flagella and axial filaments

The _____ is a polysaccharide protective coating outside of the bacterial cell wall that is called either a capsule or slime layer based on its structure

glycocalyx

An average sized bacterium is about one A) millimeter B) micrometer C) nanometer D) Angstrom

micrometer

Often called the "powerhouse" of cells ,the _________ is the organelle where ATP is synthesized for, cellular energy use

mitochondrion

The_______ bacteria naturally have no cell wall,but have cytoplasmic membrane that is stabilized by sterols

mycloplasma

The ___ is the small part of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA synthesis takes place

nucleolus

The most prominent organelle in a eukaryotic cell is the ____

nucleus

The nucleolus is found within the ___ of a cell

nucleus

Cells oriented in a _______ arrangement result from having a hinge region between cells so that the cells fold back on each other

palisades

An appendage which forms a channel for exchange of genetic material during bacterial conjugation is called a_____

pili

proteins are synthesized on the __________, a small spherical structure located in the cytopiasm

ribosome

Bacteria function as organism compromised of _______ A) cell organized into tissues B) single cells C) cell organized into organs

single cells

the prefix "______" means " in chain"

strepto-

Which of the following makes bacteria and archaea different from eukaryotes A) they possess a cell wall B) They lack nucleus C) they have phosphollipds in their cell membrane D) they lack chromosomes

they lack a nucleus

A membrane-bound ______ is a vesicle that may contain many different types of solid or liquid particles

vacuole