Properties of atoms and the periodic table

Explain how a rotating fan might be used to model the atom. Explain how the fan is unlike an atom.

A fan may be used to model an atom because the fan blades form something similar to a electron cloud. But there is really nothing to model the neutrons and protons. Also the fan is flat like where an atom is more 3-D sphere-like.

ductile

A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire.

Electron cloud

Is the area around the nucleus of an atom where its electrons are most likely

Describe the electric cloud model of an atom.

This model shows how the electrons form a cloud much like spokes on a moving bicycle wheel, they are kind of a blur.

mass number

Number of Protons and Neutrons

Atom

Which is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the property of an element

periods

the horizontal rows of elements on the periodic tables

Neutrons

Are neutral particles that do not have electrical charge

Protons

Are particles that do not have an electrical charge

Electrons

Are particles with an electrical charge 1-

isotope

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

List the chemical symbols for the elements carbon, aluminum, hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium

Carbon C, Aluminum Al, Hydrogen H, Oxygen O, and Sodium Na

Diatomic molecule

consist of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond

malleable

Easy to shape or bend

atomic number

Number of protons

Identify the names, charges, and locations of three kinds of particles that make up an atom

Proton + charge, Neutron neutral charge, are both located in the nucleus of an atom. The electrons - charge are located around the nucleus in a cloudlike form.

Nucleus

Protons and neutrons are found in a small, positvely charged center of the atom that is surronded by a cloud containing electron

Quarks

Protons and neutrons, however, are made up of smaller particles

transition elements

Roman numerals are used to indicate the oxidation number of what types of elements?

radioactive element

an unstable element that breaks down into a different element

Nonmetals

are usually brittle solids or gases at room temp.

Salt

if a halogen gains an electron from a metal, an iconic compound

metallic bonding

the chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

periodic table

the elements are arranged by increases atomic number and by changes in physical and chemical properties

Sublimation

the process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid

Identify the smallest particle of matter, how are they discovered.

the smallest particle of matter is the quark. The quark was discovered by accelerating charged particles to great speeds and smashing them into protons.

electron dot diagram

uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent the electrons in the outer energy level

metals

usually have common properties they are good conductors of heat electricity

groups

vertical columns in the periodic table

average atomic mass

weighted average of the atomic masses for the isotopes of an element