PSC 1121 - Chapter 9 (Chemical Bonds)

Match each metal ion to the correct Roman numeral that would be used when naming an ionic compound when appropriate.

(III) --- Fe^3+ (II) --- Cr^2+ (I) --- Cu^+

Which of the following statements about a chemical reaction are true?

- A chemical reaction is the process used to describe a chemical change. - Chemical bonds are broken and/or made during a chemical reaction.

Which of the following statements correctly describe a polar covalent bond?

- A covalent bond between atoms whose electronegativities differ by 1.0 is polar. - In a polar covalent bond, the bonding electrons spend more time near the more electronegative atom.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements correctly describe a covalent bond?

- A stable covalent bond is formed through nucleus-electron attractions. - As two atoms form a covalent bond, the stability of the system increases. - If the two atoms in a covalent bond approach too closely, they will repel each other.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about writing the chemical formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion from its chemical name?

- A subscript of 1 is implied if no subscript is present in the chemical formula. - The metal (or ammonium) ion is written first in the chemical formula.

Which is true about the different types of covalent bonds?

- A triple bond is denoted by drawing three lines between two atoms. - When atoms share two pairs of electrons, the covalent bond between them is called a double bond. - A multiple bond involves the sharing of two or more electron pairs between two atoms.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about writing the chemical formula of an ionic compound from its chemical name are true?

- Add subscripts to indicate the number of ions needed to produce a neutral compound. - Include parentheses and a subscript outside the parentheses if there is more than one polyatomic ion in the compound.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about writing the chemical formula of an ionic compound from its chemical name are true?

- Add subscripts to indicate the number of ions needed to produce a neutral compound. - Include parentheses and a subscript outside the parentheses if there is more than one polyatomic ion in the compound. correct Reason: Do not include parentheses around a polyatomic ion if there is only one in the ionic compound.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements correctly describe the formation of ionic bonds?

- An ionic bond results from the combination of positive and negative ions. - An ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons. - An ionic bond typically forms when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.

Match the chemical term with the appropriate definition.

- Atom --- Smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other elements - Compound --- Substance formed from the chemical combination of two or more elements - Molecule --- Smallest particle of a compound or a gaseous element that can exist and still retain the characteristic chemical properties of a substance

Select all that apply Which of the following ion combinations will result in an ionic compound that has a balanced number of positive and negative charges?

- Ba2+ and 2 Cl- correct Reason: Note that the 2 is not part of the formula for Cl-; the number indicates the number of Cl- ions required to bond with 1 Ba2+ ion. -2 Li+ and S2- correct Reason: Note that the 2 is not part of the formula for Li+; the number indicates that 2 Li+ are needed for every 1 S2- ion. - Na+ and Br-

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe electronegativity?

- Electronegativity measures the ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract the shared electron pair(s). - Electronegativity is a relative quantity.

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe the general trends in electronegativity?

- Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group of the periodic table. - Metals tend to have lower electronegativities than nonmetals.

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe how to name an ionic compound?

- For single-charge nonmetal ions, the element name is changed to end in -ide. - The positive ion is named first and the negative ion is named second.

Which of the following options correctly describe the physical properties of ionic compounds?

- Ionic compounds of the representative elements are generally crystalline solids. - Ionic compounds that will dissolve in water produce a solution that will conduct an electric current.

Match the term concerning types of molecules with the appropriate definition.

- Monatomic molecule --- A molecule that consists of one atom - Diatomic molecule --- A molecule that consists of two of the same atom bound together - Triatomic molecule --- A molecule that consists of three of the same atom bound together

Match the substance with its most common, naturally occurring form.

- Monatomic molecule --- Helium - Diatomic molecule --- Oxygen, hydrogen - Triatomic molecule --- Ozone

Select all that apply Using the electronegativity values provided, select all bonds that are polar covalent bonds.

- N-B (1.3) - S-O (1)

Select all that apply Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds?

- Rubidium chloride - Copper(II) sulfide

Match each type of bond with the appropriate description.

- Single bond --- Two atoms share one pair of electrons. - Double bond --- Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. - Triple bond --- Two atoms share three pairs of electrons. - Multiple bond --- Two atoms share two or three pairs of electrons.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements correctly describe the bonding in the ionic compound KBr?

- The attraction between oppositely charged ions forms an ionic bond. - K loses an electron to form the ion K+. - Ionic bonds generally form when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.

Select all that apply Consider the formula for the ionic compound AlCl3. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula?

- The compound contains one Al3+ ion for every three Cl- ions. - The positive ion in the compound is Al3+.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements about the ions formed by transition elements are true?

- The ions formed by some transition elements are not easily predicted from the periodic table. - Transition elements produce positive ions.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true about writing the chemical formula of an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion from its chemical name?

- The metal (or ammonium) ion is written first in the chemical formula. - A subscript of 1 is implied if no subscript is present in the chemical formula.

Which of the following options correctly describe how to name a covalent compound?

- The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate. - A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound if the number of atoms is greater than 1. - The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide.

Select all that apply Which of the following options describe the correct format used to represent a chemical compound?

- The number of atoms and/or ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript. - If there is no subscript present for an atom in a compound, the subscript is assumed to be 1.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements correctly describe what happens when Ca ionizes?

- When Ca ionizes, it has the same electron configuration as Ar. - When Ca ionizes, it has a net charge of +2. Reason: When an atom ionizes, its number of protons does not change. Ca will always have 20 protons in the nucleus. When Ca ionizes, it will have 18 electrons surrounding the nucleus. Reason: Ca is in group IIA and will tend to lose two electrons.

A generic chemical equation is depicted below. Match the symbols in the chemical equation with their correct identities. A + B → C

A and B ----- Reactant(s) → ---- Yields C --- Product(s)

Which of the following statements correctly describes a covalent compound?

A covalent compound contains only covalent bonds.

Select all that apply What are the ways that a pair of bonding electrons can be depicted?

B A

Solve for the chemical formula of dichlorine pentoxide, Cl ________ O ___________.

Blank 1: 2 Blank 2: 5

Oxygen has a valence of _____________ , meaning that it can either make two single bonds or one _______________ bond.

Blank 1: 2 or two Blank 2: double

New chemicals are produced when chemical ____________ are broken and then reformed in different ways.

Blank 1: bonds

The number of covalent _________formed by a particular element is called its valence.

Blank 1: bonds

Elements combine to form compounds by making chemical ______________ , which are formed by gaining, losing, or sharing ________________.

Blank 1: bonds Blank 2: electrons

An easy way to produce the electrically neutral chemical formula for an ionic compound is to cross over the absolute _____________ numbers and use them as__________.

Blank 1: charge Blank 2: subscripts

Two atoms may bond by sharing electrons. This type of bond is called a(n) _____________ bond.

Blank 1: covalent

The number of ____________ bonds typically made by a nonmetal can be determined from the periodic table by subtracting the _____________ number from 8.

Blank 1: covalent Blank 2: family

The number of _____________ bonds typically made by a nonmetal can be determined from the periodic table by subtracting the ____________ number from 8.

Blank 1: covalent Blank 2: family

A molecule that has a positive and a negative pole is called a(n) _______________.

Blank 1: dipole

An atom is the smallest unit of a(n) ___________ hat can exist alone. When atoms are chemically ______________ , together they form a compound. The smallest particle of a compound is called a(n) ______________.

Blank 1: element Blank 2: bound or bonded Blank 3: molecule

A statement that expresses the changes that occur during a chemical reaction is a chemical __________.

Blank 1: equation

In the modern naming system, Roman numerals are used to name ionic compounds containing a metal that can form ____________ ion(s). The Roman numeral specifies the _____________ on the metal.

Blank 1: multiple Blank 2: charge

When atoms bond, they may gain, lose, or share electrons in order to attain an outer level containing eight electrons. This is known as the ____________ rule.

Blank 1: octet

An ionic bond results when ____________ charges attract. The elements involved in an ionic bond are typically a metal and a(n) _____________ .

Blank 1: opposite, different, or unlike Blank 2: nonmetal

A covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally is called a(n) ____________ covalent bond. The atoms of the bond have partial negative and positive _______________ due to an unequal electron distribution.

Blank 1: polar Blank 2: poles

Chemical energy describes changes in internal ____________ energy.

Blank 1: potential

When naming a covalent compound, the number of atoms of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical _____. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than _____ atom(s) of that element is(are) present.

Blank 1: prefix Blank 2: one

The transformation of one substance to another by breaking and/or forming chemical bonds is called a chemical ______________.

Blank 1: reaction

Ionic compounds are typically ______________ at room temperature, and ones that will dissolve in water produce a solution that can conduct _______________.

Blank 1: solids Blank 2: electricity

The Greek prefix used to indicate four atoms of the same element in a covalent compound is __________ , whereas the prefix deca- is used to indicate _____________ atoms of the same element.

Blank 1: tetra Blank 2: 10

The covalently bonded species shown has ____________ bonding pair(s) and ______________ lone pair(s).

Blank 1: three Blank 2: one

The outermost electrons of an element are called the __________ electrons. The electrons that are in stable, fully occupied orbitals are called __________ electrons.

Blank 1: valence Blank 2: inner or core

Drag and drop the type of bonding against the corresponding electron distribution shape illustrated in the figure.

Bond A --- Ionic Bond B --- Polar covalent Bond C --- Covalent

Match the element with the appropriate valence.

C-4 N-3 H-1 O-2

Use the electronegativity values provided to match the bonds given with the appropriate bond type.

C-C bond --- Covalent C-Mg bond --- Polar covalent Na-F bond --- Ionic

Which region in this figure best illustrates valence electrons?

D - (outter part)

Match each Greek numerical prefix with the correct number of atoms or entities it identifies.

Di-2 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Mono-1 Hepta-7

What about acetate ions, C2H3O2--, makes them polyatomic?

Each charged group of ions combines to act as a single charged ion.

What is the term used to describe the amount of energy required and/or released when a compound is formed from its elements?

Heat of formation

What is the correct name for the ionic compound Li3N?

Lithium nitride

Which of the following statements about metallic bonds is true?

Metallic bonds are responsible for the high electrical conductivity of metals.

Match each covalent compound name with the correct chemical formula.

N2O --- Dinitrogen monoxide NO --- Nitrogen monoxide N2O3 --- Dinitrogen trioxide N2O5 --- Dinitrogen pentoxide NO2 --- Nitrogen dioxide

Match the appropriate name to its salt, paying particular attention to the suffix used.

NaNO3 --- Sodium nitrate NaNO2 --- Sodium nitrite (ClO3) --- Chlorate (ClO2 ---- Chlorite

What is the correct name for KClO3?

Potassium chlorate

Which of the following options is the correct systematic name for Na2CO3?

Sodium carbonate

Which of the following is the correct name for the covalent compound SO2?

Sulfur dioxide

What is an atom's valence?

The number of covalent bonds formed by an atom

Which of the following statements about electron transfer in ionic bond formation is true?

The number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained by atoms when an ionic bond is formed.

Which of the following statements about electron transfer in ionic bond formation is true?

The number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained by atoms when an ionic bond is formed. Need help? Review these concept resources.

Which of the statements about the octet rule is true?

The octet rule states that atoms tend to try to achieve the same electron configuration as the closest noble gas.

True or false: The heat of formation of a compound is the same as the amount of energy required when the same compound is decomposed to its elements.

True Reason: The law of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor lost but conserved.

In an electron dot structure, two dots can represent Blank______.

a lone pair a bonding pair

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms in a covalent bond is called a(n) ____________ pair, whereas an electron pair that is not involved in bonding is called an orbital or _____________ pair.

bonding Lone

The relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electron pairs is called its Blank________.

electronegativity

Atoms in metals are densely packed together, which allows ____________to be easily shared from one atom to the next.

electrons

Atoms in metals are densely packed together, which allows ____________to be easily shared from one atom to the next.

electrons Is it not electricity bc Reason: Electricity is created by the movement of electrons. It is not a bond bc Reason: Bonds are created by actions of electrons.

The Blank________ number on the periodic table indicates the number of valence electrons an atom will gain or lose to achieve the same electron configuration as the nearest Blank________ gas.

family; noble

When chlorine (Cl) ionizes it tends to Blank___________ electrons.

gain 1

Electronegativity tends to Blank______ from left to right across a period of the periodic table and tends to Blank______ down a group.

increase; decrease

Elements combine in three general ways. In Blank__________ compounds, electrons are transferred from one element to the other, whereas in Blank____________ compounds, electrons are shared between atoms. Third, in Blank_____________ bonding, electrons are shared between a large number of atoms in an electron sea.

ionic; covalent; metallic

When Al ionizes, it tends to Blank______ Blank______ electrons in order to achieve the same electron configuration as Blank______.

lose; 3; Ne Reason: Aluminum is in group IIIA, which indicates that it has 3 valence electrons. The octet rule states that Al will lose 3 electrons to achieve the same noble gas electron configuration as Ne.

Lithium iodide (LiI) is an ionic compound. The metal lithium Blank______ an electron to form the ion Li+, and the nonmetal iodine Blank______ an electron to form the ion I-. The ions are held together by Blank______ in a crystal lattice.

loses; gains; a strong electrostatic attraction

When naming an ionic compound, the Blank______ ion is always named first. To name the negative ion, the root of the element name is added to the suffix Blank______.

metal; -ide

Select all that apply Which of the following options correctly describe the rules used to name an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion?

metal; polyatomic

When writing the chemical formula for an ionic compound containing a polyatomic ion, parentheses are included if Blank______ polyatomic ion is present. The subscript is included Blank______ the parentheses to indicate the number of polyatomic ions present.

more than one; outside

A covalent bond is typically formed between two Blank______. This bond involves the Blank______ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.

nonmetals; sharing

A covalent bond arises from the net attraction between the Blank______ of each atom and the electrons of the other, and results in electrons being Blank______ between the two atoms.

nucleus; shared

A covalent bond arises from the net attraction between the ______________ of each atom and the electrons of the other, and results in electrons being ______________ between the two atoms.

nucleus; shared

An ion that contains two or more atoms bonded together but that has an overall charge is called a Blank______ ion. Many Blank______ compounds contain such species.

polyatomic; ionic Reason: Any compound containing ions is ionic, not covalent.

In the formation of ionic compounds, a metal will form Blank______ ions by Blank______ electrons, and a nonmetal will form Blank______ ions by Blank______ electrons.

positive; losing; negative; gaining

Many transition elements form Blank______ ions with Blank______ charges.

positive; variable

Chemical formulas describe what elements are present in a compound and in what proportions. The proportions are indicated by a Blank______ to the Blank______ of the element's symbol.

subscript; right

The most easily removed electrons from an atom are the ____________ electrons.

valence

Elements combine to form ionic compounds by gaining or losing Blank______ electrons. The number of electrons lost must Blank______ the number of electrons gained in order to form a neutral compound.

valence; equal