PSY 100-Chapter 3

The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the

sympathetic nervous system

A ________ is a fluid-filled space between two neurons through which neurotransmitters travel. It is in this area where messages are transmitted chemically.

synapse

Which of the following nervous systems would be most aptly summarized by the phrase "rest and digest?"

the parasympathetic system

Tranquilizers like Xanax work to diminish anxiety symptoms by stimulating the receptor sites for ________, thereby driving down neuronal activity at those sites

GABA

______ play(s) a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.

acetylcholine

Bill was admitted to the hospital last week after he fell. When Bill's son visited, he found his father was unable to get words out in a smooth, connected fashion. If Bill's difficulty speaking is due to brain damage, what is the likely location of the damage?

broca's area

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______

dendrites

Travel of impulse in neural conduction

dendrites, soma, axon, axon terminal

Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and other opiates are able to lock into receptor sites for ______

endorphins

The pituitary gland is known as the _______ gland because it controls the other glands in the body.

master

The ________ speeds up the passage of electrical messages by acting as an insulator of the neuronal signal.

myelin sheath

Malcolm is studying alone in his room late at night when he hears a loud noise downstairs. His heartbeat increases significantly and his breathing becomes shallow. He wonders if a burglar has entered the house and decides to investigate. When he gets downstairs he discovers his cat has knocked over a plant stand. His body begins to relax and return to normal. Which part of his nervous system is responsible for returning Malcolm to a normal state?

parasympathetic nervous system

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

parasympathetic; sympathetic

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to

reuptake

Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage

suffered a change in personality.