psy 160 chapter 10
Which of the following are the four basic sexual scripts enacted by marital couples?
"Basic" (kissing, cuddling, stroking, intercourse) and oral sex "Basic" (kissing, cuddling, stroking, intercourse) "Basic" (kissing, cuddling, stroking, intercourse), oral sex, and masturbation Vaginal intercourse
In ______ percent of societies, women are expected to become more uninhibited about sexuality when they become old.
22
The median (middle) age for adults that marry for the first time is ______ for women and 29 for men.
27
In 2014, of all cohabiting couples in the United States,:
40 percent have at least one biologically related child under 18.
n ______ percent of societies, the elderly are expected to be sexually active.
70
Approximately what percentage of all people in the United States aged 54 or younger are or have been married?
95 percent
Which of the following is considered a CAM treatment for menopause?
Acupuncture
According to the Add Health longitudinal research, male virginity was most common among which of the following?
Asians Men rated unattractive by the interviewer Those with late pubertal development
What are some of the psychological pressures that intensify with marriage?
Assumption of fidelity Pressure for sexual performance Separation from parents
Which of the following would be the LEAST helpful predictor of extramarital sexual behavior?
Attitude toward extramarital sex
According to the Add Health longitudinal research, female virginity was predicted by which of the following?
Being overweight Attendance at religious services Low cognitive functioning
Which of the following about race and being single is true?
Black men and women are more likely to remain single.
Who among the following would be LEAST likely to report any symptoms of menopause?
Chinese woman
______ is a period lasting about 15 to 20 years during which a woman's body makes the transition from being able to reproduce to not being able to reproduce.
Climacteric
According to the General Social Survey, with whom are people most likely to have extramarital sex?
Close personal friend
Which of the following refers to a romantic or sexual relationship initiated by online contact and maintained primarily via online communication, which involves a person who is married or in a committed relationship?
Cyberaffair
Which of the following are two issues that are important steps in achieving sexual maturity?
Developing a capacity for intimacy Becoming responsible about sex
As we develop sexually throughout the lifespan, which two of the following are intertwined?
Developmental continuities Developmental changes
According to a large online survey, which marital status is the most likely to access online personals?
Divorced
The "sporting rituals" for nightlife participation generally include which of the following?
Drinking alcohol at home in advance Careful attention to grooming Selection of companions depending on the night's purpose
Which of the following is strictly forbidden in swinging?
Emotional attachment
Which of two of the following are characteristic of the mate retention tactics of women?
Enhancing their attractiveness Use of possessive verbal statements
Which of the following affect a couple's sexual relationship after a baby?
Exhaustion Physical effects of low levels of estrogen
For both working women and homemakers, which of the following was associated with decreased sexual satisfaction?
Fatigue
Men and women with high school diplomas or less today are less likely to marry, for which of the following reasons?
Fear that they would not have the requisite financial stability
Which of the following is necessary for an erection and is sometimes diminished with age?
Good circulation
Which of the following factors are important in maintaining sexual capacity in old age?
Good physical and mental health Regularity of sexual expression
Why do struggles over sexual orientation tend to be more difficult for men than for women?
Heterosexuality is an important cornerstone of the male role in many societies.
Which of the following characteristics are associated with infidelity?
Impulsivity Alcohol abuse Narcissism Sexual withholding
Which of the following are sources of society's negative attitudes toward sexuality in the aging?
Incest taboo Belief that sex is for reproductive purposes
Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of declining estrogen on the vagina?
Increased elasticity
For many singles in major metropolitan areas, which of the following has replaced singles bars and clubs for meeting potential partners?
Internet dating sites
Which of the following statements about a cyberaffair is true?
It involves people who are married or in a committed relationship.
Which of the following is true about cohabitation?
It is often used as an opportunity to try out a committed residential relationship.
Which of the following are effects of declining estrogen on the vagina during menopause?
It makes the vaginal walls less elastic. It makes the vagina more vulnerable to infections. It decreases vaginal lubrication.
Which of the following are true about prostatectomy?
It may cause nerve damage. It may cause erection problems. It is the surgical removal of the prostate.
For working men and women, which of the following was associated with better sexual outcomes?
Job satisfaction
What acronym is used for intimate relationships involving unmarried people who live in separate residences but consider themselves a couple?
LAT
Which of the following is accurate when it comes to the masturbation behavior of married adults?
Many continue to masturbate even though they have ready access to sex.
In one study of healthy men aged 45 to 74, general sexual satisfaction was positively related to which of the following?
Marital adjustment Accurate sexual information
Marriage is a sexual turning point for which of the following reasons?
Marriage involves leaving one's family of origin. Choosing to marry is less of a given and more of a choice than in previous generations.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to happen in open swinging?
Men having sex with each other
In which ways do men tend to impact sexual activity for older heterosexual women?
Men often prefer younger women. Men have an earlier mortality.
Who among the following would have the highest rate of new partner acquisition after a breakup?
Men with custody of children
Which of the following statements about female cohabitors is most accurate?
More and more do not have intentions to marry.
Which of the following changes do those who pass the age of 25 without getting married face?
More people of the same age are married. The social structures that supported dating are gone.
More than 70 percent of women report participating in which of the following techniques during marital sex?
Mouth-genital techniques
Which of the following are positively associated with early cohabitation?
Negative interactions Divorce
Which of the following are forms of consensual nonmonogamy?
Negotiated nonmonogamy Swinging Polyamory
Who should take androgen/testosterone supplements?
Only those with hypogonadism
A decline in estrogen during the climacteric can directly result in which of the following?
Osteoporosis Vaginal dryness
Sexual inactivity during marriage is associated with which of the following?
Presence of children Lack of shared activity Unhappiness with the marriage Poor health
With whom do polyamorists tend to have a more satisfying relationship?
Primary partner
______ is the surgical removal of the prostate.
Prostatectomy
Caucasian women are more likely to report which of the following symptoms of menopause?
Psychosomatic symptoms
For the divorced, increased motivation to establish a new long-term relationship may be the result of which of the following?
Reduced availability of social support Reduced income Lower perceived standard of living
According to research, those aged 60 and older in a romantic relationship desire which of the following?
Romantic equality Independence Sexual equality
What are the components of sexual satisfaction in marriage?
Satisfaction with sexual activity Emotional satisfaction
Which of the following describes the situation in which someone cohabits with a sequence of people but does not marry any of them?
Serial cohabitation
Which of the following is one of the most common forms of sexual expression for adults in the United States?
Sex in marriage
Which of the following is NOT associated with sexual inactivity in marriage?
Sexual experimenting
Which of the following refers to behaviors or verbal statements that let another know that one is interested in sex at that moment?
Sexual scripts
Which of the following refers to someone who is celibate but not chaste?
Single but sexually active
Among the following, who is most likely to be having frequent sex?
Single man, age 30 to 39
Which of the following is NOT a symptom related to menopause for women?
Stronger orgasms
Which of the following is true of the supplements that are advertised to fix "low testosterone" in men?
Such supplements are not necessary for most men.
Which of the following is a form of nonmonogamy in which couples exchange partners with other couples to engage in sexual activity?
Swinging
Which of the following is NOT a form of polyamory?
Swinging couples
Which of the following is NOT associated with the aging male's sexual functioning?
The ejaculate will have no sperm.
Which of the following are conclusions from the research on women's sexuality during and after menopause?
The majority of women continue to enjoy sex during and after menopause. Low estrogen impacts sexual functioning by causing vaginal dryness.
In response to extramarital sex, who among the following is more likely to want a divorce?
The person who had the affair
Why are Black men and women in the United States more likely to remain single?
There are more adult Black women than men. They choose to be single. Many Black men have difficulty finding sustainable jobs.
A review of the research on consensual nonmonogamy concluded which of the following?
There are no differences between consensual nonmonogamists and monogamists.
By what age do all people become sexually inactive?
There is no age beyond which all people are sexually inactive.
Which of the following best characterizes the acquisition of new sexual partners for the formerly married and formerly cohabiting?
There is no significant difference in the acquisition of new sexual partners between the two groups.
Which of the following characteristics would make it less likely that someone receives mouth-genital stimulation during sex?
They are over age 50.
Which of the following are reasons that some singles do NOT go to singles bars?
They feel they cannot compete. They are too old. They are turned off by the idea.
According to a study of the sexual language used between spouses, which of the following is true of couples that report the frequent use of sexual language?
They have greater relational satisfaction. They report greater closeness with their spouse. They are more satisfied with their sexual communication.
Which of the following is true of women involved in polyamory?
They move away from traditional gender and sexual roles.
Who among the following would be most likely to engage in extramarital sex, according to equity theory?
Those who feel underbenefited in their relationships
The term never married refers to which of the following?
Those who intend to marry someday Those who have decided to remain single
According to research on relationships, cell phones are used for which of the following reasons?
To screen potential partners To meet potential partners To maintain relationships To terminate relationships
Which of the following is most representative of the institutionalized singles scene?
Urban nightclub
The biomedicalization of sex in later life was marked by the introduction of:
Viagra.
Of the involuntary celibates, which type has never had intercourse and has rarely ever dated?
Virgins
Which of the following are reasons for a lower incidence of postmarital sex among widows, compared with divorced women?
Widows tend to be older Divorced women tend to be less financially secure Widows are less motivated to seek new friendships
Which of the following is associated with negative attitudes toward sex among the elderly?
Youth-oriented culture
With a decline in marriage rates, there has been ______ in the rate of fidelity, or monogamy, in relationships.
a decline
According to the General Social Survey, ______ of adult Americans believe it is always wrong for a married person to have sexual relations with someone other than the marriage partner.
a majority
According to equity theory, if individuals perceive a relationship to be inequitable, they:
act to restore equity.
Which of the following is most related to marital sexual frequency?
age
One of the most effective ways to diminish sexuality is by:
being sexually inactive.
Sexual frequency decreases with age due to:
biological aging and habituation to sex with the partner.
The marketing of erectile dysfunction medicines, which conveys the message that declining sexual function is a medical problem rather than an aspect of normal aging, is often referred to as the ______ of sex in later life.
biomedicalization
From the point of view of a developmental psychologist, the sexual relationship in a second union:
blends one's developmental continuities with their developmental changes.
Extramarital sex is predicted by all of the following EXCEPT:
body image concerns.
According to equity theory, people:
calculate costs and benefits in a relationship and whether they are fair.
Masturbation in marriage:
can serve very legitimate needs
_____ is being unmarried while not engaging in sexuality (or waiting until marriage to engage in sexuality), while _____ is abstaining from sexual intercourse regardless of status
celibate, chastity
To live ______ is to be unmarried, while living ______ means to abstain from sexual intercourse.
celibate; chaste
Menopause is the:
cessation of menstruation.
Someone who is high in sexual excitation and low in sexual inhibition is more likely to:
cheat on their partner.
In _____ swinging, couples meet and exchange partners, and each pair goes off separately to a private place to have intercourse, returning to the meeting place at an agreed-upon time.
closed
In 2006-2010, 12 percent of all men and 11 percent of women aged 15-44 were:
cohabiting.
Research indicates a(n) ______ in sex once a couple is married.
decline
The climacteric is marked particularly by a(n):
decline in functioning of the ovaries.
In 1960, 72 percent of adults were married. Since that time, the marriage rate has:
declined.
Among men, declines in the frequency of intercourse with aging are associated with:
declining physical health.
Sexual patterns in marriage are influenced by the level of sexual _____ experienced by each person.
desire
When it comes to sex, marital couples:
enact a few basic sexual scripts.
One study of healthy men aged 45 to 74 found that dissatisfaction with sexual functioning was significantly related to:
erectile difficulties.
The swinging lifestyle works best for those that:
establish clear and explicit rules.
Equity theory has been applied to predict patterns of:
extramarital sex.
Sex between a married person and someone other than the spouse is referred to as:
extramarital sex.
True or false: Because a hysterectomy affects sex hormone production, it impacts a woman's sex drive.
false
True or false: In almost all cases, sex becomes more dull as a marriage progresses.
false
True or false: In order to meet a partner, most singles over the age of 25 go to singles bars at least occasionally.
false
True or false: Marriages between those who do not live together before marrying are more likely to end in divorce than marriages between those who cohabited before marriage.
false
True or false: Research suggests that consensual nonmonogamy leads to higher rates of separation and divorce.
false
True or false: The notion that older adults have sexual thoughts and feelings has been well accepted in society since researchers began discussion on the topic.
false
True or false: The vast majority of those who cohabit are young, never-married couples without children.
false
As the result of singleism, as the years go by, many single adults:
feel increasing desperation to enter a relationship.
Of the involuntary celibates, the singles group reported that they had:
had unsatisfying sexual experience(s).
Bioidentical compounded menopausal hormone therapy products:
have not been tested for safety or effectiveness.
A period of intense warmth and sweating lasting from a few seconds to half an hour is known as a:
hot flash.
The rate of STIs among older adults is:
increasing.
For some married couples, preliminary negotiations about sex tend to be phrased in ______ language.
indirect
Among both men and women, dissatisfaction with marriage and with marital sex is associated with higher chances of:
infidelity.
Narcissism and impulsiveness are predictors of:
infidelity.
The ______ exchange model focuses on the rewards and costs associated with sexual relationships.
interpersonal
On the border between single and cohabitating is:
living apart together.
The emphasis in polyamorous relationships is:
long-term intimate relationships.
Same-sex married couples have ______ problems compared to heterosexual married couples.
many of the same
Sexual satisfaction within marriage is an important contributor to:
marital quality.
Serial monogamy is when someone has been involved in two or more sexually intimate relationships prior to
marriage
Men and women who are ______ are more satisfied in a continuing sexual and emotional relationship.
married
The awareness of the possibility of infidelity sometimes leads to behaviors that are designed to preserve the relationship, which are known as _____ _____ tactics.
mate, retention
Two issues are important in achieving sexual ______: becoming responsible about sex and developing a capacity for intimacy.
maturity
Middle-aged and older men:
may have better control over orgasm than younger men.
A large national survey found that extramarital sexual activity is more common among:
men.
Struggles over their sexual orientation tend to be more difficult for:
men.
Divorced women are ______ likely to return to an active sex life compared to widows.
more
Men and women with more prior sex partners are ______ likely to be involved in nonromantic relationships.
more
On average, cohabiting couples have sex ______ married couples.
more often than
______ women continue to engage in sexual activity during and after menopause.
most
In a study of heterosexually active single men in New York City, men who were motivated by a desire for intimate relationships were governed by a script that was characterized by:
mutual initiation and control.
The median age for first marriage is in the late 20s for both men and women. So, the typical person who marries spends several years of early adulthood in the _____ married category.
never
The term ______ includes those who intend to marry someday and those who have decided to stay single.
never married
Sexual activity involving one member of a committed relationship with a third person without the knowledge of the relationship partner is referred to as ______ nonmonogamy.
nonconsensual
Open relationships are:
nonmonogamous. consensual.
Based on a study of heterosexually active single men in New York City, a man motivated by the desire for intimacy tends to pursue women who are:
not easily available.
The demands of sex on the heart are:
not unreasonable.
For a healthy individual, the increased risk of a heart attack caused by sexual activity is:
one chance in one million.
_____ relationships come in many forms and are consensually nonmonogamous relationships in which all partners explicitly agree that the partner(s) may have other partners.
open
A possible effect of declining estrogen levels is loss of bone mass, also known as:
osteoporosis.
An oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the _____, and a hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus.
ovaries
An oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ______, and a hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the ______.
ovaries; uterus
According to research on celibates, ______ persons remain in sexless relationships that had included sex in the past, but the frequency gradually declined over time.
partnered
The nonpossessive, honest, responsible, and ethical philosophy and practice of loving multiple people simultaneously is referred to as:
polyamory.
For some married couples, deciding to have intercourse may involve ______, which are statements that are euphemistically phrased so that their feelings can be salvaged if their partner is not interested.
preliminary negotiations
As a woman ages, the sex hormones estrogen and ______ also begin to decline.
progesterone
Research suggests that between 6 months and 4 years after the birth of a child, sexual frequency tends to:
remain low.
When researchers began to suggest that older men and women have sexual thoughts and feelings, the overall reaction from people was one of:
resistance.
According to equity theory, engaging in extramarital sex is a way of:
restoring equity in inequitable relationship.
The most recent census data suggest that about 9 percent of the U.S. population will never marry. These data will likely be different in the 2020 census because:
same-sex marriage is now legal and recognized.
According to Yeh et al. (2006), marital sexual ______ predicted marital quality for both men and women.
satisfaction
According to research, those aged 60 and older who had recently experienced a romantic relationship that began late in life were:
seeking a long-term relationship.
Young adults are often involved in ______, which is having two or more sexually intimate relationships prior to marriage.
serial monogamy
The interpersonal exchange model focuses on the rewards and costs associated with ______ relationships.
sexual
A 2010 study on nonromantic relationships found that:
sexual activity was associated with lower relationship quality.
The issues faced by heterosexual couples, as compared to same-sex couples, are:
similar.
The stigmatizing and stereotyping of people who are not in a socially recognized couple relationship is referred to as:
singleism.
Symptoms of menopause for women are highly dependent on the woman's:
sociocultural environment.
In a form of nonmonogamy called _____, married couples exchange partners with other couples.
swinging
In a study of heterosexually active single men in New York City, the major motivation for their involvement in courtship rituals was:
the desire for sex.
True or false: A large majority of single people have accessed online personals.
true
True or false: According to a study of secret, nonconsensual nonmonogamy, women who cheat on a high-quality relationship are more likely to report that the relationship ended.
true
True or false: According to the NSSHB, partnered men report more frequent vaginal intercourse than do married men.
true
True or false: Compared to single parents with children over 5, single parents of children under 5 reported greater frequencies of sexual activity and first dates.
true
True or false: Married women are more likely to have frequent sex than single women.
true
True or false: One source of negative attitudes toward sexuality in the elderly is a holdover from the belief that sex is for reproductive purposes only and therefore those past the age of reproduction should not engage in it.
true
True or false: Rates of STIs, including HIV and AIDS, are increasing among older adults.
true
True or false: Society places few restrictions on postmarital sexual activity, although it is not as approved as marital sex.
true
The average American married couple in their twenties has coitus ______ time(s) per week.
two to three
During menopause, hormone therapy is best used for the treatment of:
vasomotor symptoms.
Elderly ______ are more likely to be living alone and to have less access to sexual partners.
women