PSY 200 Quizzes Module 4 and 5
In the context of anorexia nervosa, which of the following statements is true?
affluent females may be at greater risk because they do have greater access to fitness centers and health clubs
The__________is a part of the limbic system involved in discriminating emotions, including fear.
amygdala
__________is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax.
anxiety disorder
A similarity between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is that both:
are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event
Suppose a person is fired and he harbors beliefs such as: "This job was the most important thing in my life," "What a no-good failure I am," "My family will starve," "I'll never find a job as good," "There's nothing I can do about it." According to Albert Ellis, such irrational beliefs contribute to anxiety and depression by:
catastrophizing the extent of loss
In the context of the theories of intelligence,__________can solve problems to which there are no preexisting solutions and no proven formulas.
creative people
_____ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.
displacement
Schizophrenia is characterized by:
disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood
Which of the following is a prototype of the category mammal?
dog
According to Erik Erikson, adolescents who do not develop__________may experience role diffusion.
ego identity
According to James and Lange,__________are the cognitive representations of automatic physiological and behavioral responses.
emotions
Which of the following is Hans Selye's term for stress that is healthful?
eustress
According to Arnett, which of the following is most likely a part of the emerging adulthood stage?
experiments with career possiblities
Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____.
inner concern hassles
High self-efficacy expectations are accompanied by:
low levels of adrenaline
Dissociative identity disorder was formerly termed__________.
multiple personality disorder
__________is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
__________refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.
personailty
In the context of adolescence, the _____ underlies showing off and risk taking.
personal fable
__________is a process in psychological testing that checks per the scores, validity, and reliability of a test with people of various ages and from various groups.
standardization
According to Albert Ellis, _____.
the belief that one must be preoccupied by threats is a prescription for perpetual emotional upheaval
Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?
the far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality
When a rat's ventromedial nucleus is destroyed, the rat will:
begin to eat uncontrollably
__________such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness.
biological factors
According to the Greek physician Hippocrates, yellow bile is associated with _____ disposition.
choleric
Flora had met with an accident a few day ago. She has forgotten everything about her life before the accident. Flora is suffering from__________.
generalized dissociative amnesia
Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that:
humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal
A(n)__________rat is characterized by excessive eating.
hyperphagic
According to Sigmund Freud, conflicting emotions such as love and hate can dwell side by side in the _____.
id
Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called__________.
imprinting
__________tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.
individualists
Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis.
infants display considerable intelligence before they have learned to speak
Carole is a healthy teenager. She is able to resist illness despite being severely stressed at times. She believes that change is normal and can face adverse situations well. Psychologists would say that Carole:
is psychologically hardy
Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females?
it stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips
A(n) _____ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols.
language
__________is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body.
cancer
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concreate operational stage refers to children being able to:
center on two dimensions of a problem at once
In the context of specific phobias,__________is the fear of tight or enclosed places.
claustrophobia
Identify a true statement about problem solving.
heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past
__________can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress.
life changes
A(n)__________is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.
mental set
The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be:
pervasive worrying about numerous stressors
Freud believed that the Electra complex develops in the__________of psychosexual development.
phallic stage
Extreme, irrational fears of objects and situations, such as hypodermic needles and public speaking are examples of _____.
phobias
People with__________are "loners." They do not develop warm, tender feelings for others.
schizoid personality disorder
Identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence.
studies support the view that children's early environment is linked to academic achievement
Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?
they can hear well when they are born
Which of the following is true of humanistic-existential theories?
they do not predict the sorts of traits and interests we will develop
_____ refers to conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.
thinking
People with__________find it difficult to surrender control or share power.
type A personality traits
The__________mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.
unconscious
In the__________, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach.
approach-approach conflict
Unlike Type A people, Type B people:
are less ambitious and less impatient
The__________is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration.
autonomic nervous system
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.
western cultural prejudice
In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may:
make huge contributions to charity
Posttraumatic stress disorder:
may occur months or years after a traumatic experience
Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body: in the blood, bones, digestive tract, lungs, and sex organs. If their spread is not controlled early, the cancerous cells may _____, that is, establish colonies elsewhere in the body.
metastasize
According to Piaget, the__________is the second stage of cognitive development in children.
preoperational stage
In the context of Piaget's stages of cognitive development of children, the__________is characterized by egocentrism.
preoperational stage
According to Louis Thurstone,__________are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence.
primary mental abilities
According to the general adaptation syndrome, the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the__________are lower than the levels in the alarm reaction but still higher than normal.
resistance stage
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called__________.
self-actualization
__________are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.
self-efficacy expectations
Excessive fear of public speaking is a common__________.
social anxiety disorder
In the context of stress and the body, which of the following is true of stress?
stress can lead to physical health problems
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?
the fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep
In the context of stress, which of the following is true of predictability and control?
the illusion of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates
In the context of the experimental research by Neal E. Miller, which of the following types of conflicts is the most complex?
the multiple approach-avoidance conflict
According to the dopamine theory, people with schizophrenia _____.
use more dopamine than most people do