Psy 201 cumulative exam

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18- month old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store he says look mommy apples. His mother tells him that the food he sees is a tomato not and apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples

Accommodation

Validity

Accuracy

terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding

Acoustic

A(n)_____is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neurons cell body down the axon to the axon terminals?

Action Potential

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and re bad unfluence

Actor observer bias

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Adderall

Nervous System

Af massive communication network that connects billions of neurons throughout your body

Billie is an ____ because he believes people over age of 65 should have their drivers license suspending, due to using up resources and occupy jobs

Ageist

Which of the following is an example of actor-observer bias?

Akbar believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence, yet Tim is unable to stop gambling because he is addicted to gambling.

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

Amygdala

The_______is described by some people as the brain's fear center.

Amygdala

Prejudice

An attitude towards an individual based on the individual's membership of a social group

Psychodynamic Psychology

An emphasis on the unconscious and early childhood experience

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

An employee of the Social Security administration. A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. A board-certified psychiatrist. A PROFESSIONAL TRAINED IN PSYCHOLOGY.

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores?

Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. MARCUS AND MARIA ARE IDENTICAL TWINS WHO WERE SEPERATED AT BIRTH AND RAISED IN DIFFERENT FAMILIES. Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home.

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

$75,000

What is the IQ score of someone with an average level of intelligence, meaning their mental age is the same as their chronological age?

100

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

100 40 70* 130

What is the minimum amount of time addicts should receive treatment if they are to achieve adesired outcome?

3 months

Recent research conducted by Cowan (2010) has found that the capacity of working memory is how many units of information?

4 plus or minus 1

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount.

75,000

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. A. musical B. linguistic C. logical-mathematical D. spatial

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Algorithms

A defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem

Mental Set

A framework for thinking about a problem

Principle of Falsifiability

A hypothesis must be able to be proven false to be considered scientific

Synapse

A junction between two nerve cells through which neurotransmitters pass

What is an advanced directive?

A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

Compulsion

A recurring action

Obsession

A recurring thought

Discriminative Stimulus

A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced

Diathesis

A tendency to suffer from a particular medical condition

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." B. The word "childhood" should be changed to the word "infancy." C. The word "psychoanalysis" should be changed to the word "humanism." D. The word "repressed" should be changed to the word "conscious."

A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. indirect empathy C. personal growth D. unconditional positive regard

A. active listening

Which group is play therapy often used to treat? A. children B. elderly C. men D. women

A. children

Addiction is often viewed by AA as a(an) ________ disease. A. chronic B. fleeting C. imaginary D. simple

A. chronic

The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the ________. A. client's personal goals. B. client's personality as determined during intake. C. client's willingness to follow the recommendations of the therapist. D. therapist-client relationship.

A. client's personal goals.

The idea behind ________ therapy is that how you think determines how you feel and act. A. cognitive B. cognitive-behavioral C. behavior D. client-centered

A. cognitive

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A. cognitive-behavioral therapy. B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). C. strategic family therapy. D. structural family therapy.

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so? A. confidentiality B. disclosure C. discretion D. privilege

A. confidentiality

a category that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics; for example, shapes

ARTIFICIAL CONCEPT

The ____ effect focuses on the influence of the majority on an individual's judgment

Asch

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

Asch

Hebert is a juror number 4 in a mirder trial. He believes the accused is guilty but when the bote is clear he is the only one who thinks thi way so he votes not guilty

Asch effect

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study

Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity, including race, class, gender

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

Asthma

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A ____ is the evaluation of or feeling towards a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

Attitude

The_____nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

Autonomic

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

Avoidant personality disorder

Neurons

Axons, dendrites

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability. Selected Answer: A. 130 B. 70 C. 100 D. 40

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A. client's early infancy B. client's present and future C. client's recent past D. client's unconscious desires

B. client's present and future

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A. dream analysis B. stimulus hierarchy C. virtual hierarchy D. virtual reality exposure

B. stimulus hierarchy

Client-centered, psychoanalysis, and cognitive therapies all have what in common? A. behavior cures. B. talking cures. C. repression cures. D. sleeping cures.

B. talking cures.

Victoria has learned that she has a metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will change her ways and will become a model Christian if god will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

Bargaining

Distress

Behavior or emotions that cause distress before they can be labeled as abnormal

Dysfunction

Behavior that is dysfunctional and interferes with daily functioning.

Dangerousness

Behavior that may be dangerous to oneself or others

Deviance

Behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that differ markedly from a society's ideas about proper functioning

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior

Being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Internal Locus of Control

Belief that events and their outcomes can be influenced

______is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulations

Beta-endorphin

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

Bias

External Locus of Control

Blames outside forces for everything

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

Borderline personality disorder

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

Breathing

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

Buying a new home

The ______ is demonstrated by the attack on a kitty Genovese

Bystanders effect

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. A. intrapersonal; naturalist B. logical-mathematical; interpersonal C. interpersonal; intrapersonal D. musical; linguistic

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experience mental illness. A. 13% B. 15% C. 19% D. 25%

C. 19%

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A. 1850. B. 1933. C. 1954. D. 1960.

C. 1954.

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________. A. anxiety disorders. B. depression. C. bipolar disorder. D. ADHD.

C. bipolar disorder.

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. ECT C. play therapy D. RET

C. play therapy

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. A. decriminalization of patients. B. medicalization of patients. C. process of closing large asylums. D. treatment of those on parole and probation.

C. process of closing large asylums.

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? A. churches B. prisons C. psychiatric hospitals D. schools

C. psychiatric hospitals

providing correct or established answers to problems; such as using a hammer to attach a nail to a wall

CONVERGENT THINKING

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life?

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress?

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Which type of persuasion involves logic driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of arguments worthiness

Central route

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ______ and________?

Central; Peripheral nervous system

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

Cerebellum

Accommodation

Changing existing schemas to incorporate new information

Who believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called "g," underlying all mental abilities?

Charles Spearman

Which of the following makes it more likely that a children will be bullied

Children who are different from others

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Chromosomes; DNA

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Chronic

Who created the very first modern hospice?

Cicely Saunders

______ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking and reasoning

Cognitive

Which of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?

Collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Rhona and jermore share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction

Companionate

During piagets proposed _______ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can preform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

Concrete operational

The milligram experiment required participantion of an_____ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalid

Confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow creative than other people

Confirmation bias

Don knows that drinking to much liquor is costly but continues to do it

Congnitive dissonce

Corpus Callosum

Connects the cerebral hemispheres and forms a pathway by which the hemispheres share information and communicate with each other

Reliability

Consistancy

Ashely and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to eachother and agree to support eachother. Their love is

Consummate

Research Methods

Correlational, descriptive, experimental research

__________ is a stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor; helps to provide a boost of energy, thereby preparing the individual to take action

Cortisol

A divergent thinking test would be designed to measure a person's _____ intelligence.

Creative

Gripping

Cute so parents will care

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model. A. g-factor B. evolutionary C. triarchic D. range of reaction

A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. A. syllable B. syntactic unit C. morpheme D. phoneme

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________. A. functional fixedness B. hindsight bias C. confirmation bias D. mental set

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggests ____ regarding the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Who developed psychoanalysis? A. Carl Jung B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Sigmund Freud

D. Sigmund Freud

. Which of the following best describes the effects of deinstitutionalization? Deinstitutionalization has been ____. A. a resounding success, since almost all mental patients have now been happily reintegrated into the community. B. an unequivocal failure, since mental patients have not been helped at all. C. predominantly a failure, since most psychiatric patients continue living in asylums. D. a mix of success and failure, since many people have become homeless.

D. a mix of success and failure, since many people have become homeless.

ability to think "outside the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem; this can serve as a measure of creativity

DIVERGENT THINKING

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

DYSGRAPHIA intellectual disability dyscalculia dyslexia

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

Death of a spouse

When Quentin was walking on the beach with his father, he believed that he had to walk in his father's footsteps in order to prevent the sun from burning his father. False beliefs such as this are considered:

Delusions

Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for?

Depression

Abnormal Behavior

Deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect

Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example companionate love is much better and longer lasting

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we say that development is taking a ______ trajectory.

Discontinued

Mona works at a bank. When luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever nonwhite person wants assistance

Discrimination

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Dispositionism

____holds that out behavior is determined by internal factors

Dispositionism

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

Amarah has an exam in a week, so she schedules 30 to 60 minutes each night to review her course material. She does this rather than waiting until the night before the exam so that she can avoid a "cram session." Amarah's approach to studying is called ________ practice.

Distributed

ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just â subtracting two.â This is an example of ________ rehearsal.

Elaborative

The field of social psychology studies topics at the interpersonal level. The topics include

Emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

What does nurture refer to in the nature versus nurture debate?

Environment and culture

What are stressors?

Environmental events that may be judged as threatening or demanding

According to _______, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

Erik Erikson

another stage theorist, took Freud's theory and modified it as psychosocial theory

Erik Erikson

Random Assignment

Every participant in an experiment has an equal chance of receiving one of the treatments.

The theory of____states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive, reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

Evolution by natural selection

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________.

Evolutionary Psychologists

Strange Situations

Experiment observing attachment relationships between a caregiver and child

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

FLUID intrapersonal applied crystallized

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

FLUID INTELLIGENCE

What is the confirmation bias?

FOCUSING ON INFORMATION THAT CONFIRMS YOUR EXISTING BELIEFS stereotyping someone or something unintentionally believing the event you just experienced was predictable focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship and they agree they will support eachother but don't want to share thoughts

Fatuous

Divergent Thinking

Figuring out new or different ways of solving a problem

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

Fine

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they lose themselves in the activity.

Flow

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to layer request a large favor

Foot in the door

According to Jean piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

Formal operational

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ______ love of the cerebral cortex.

Frontal

Which of the following regions in the brain is involved in the ability to make plans, think creatively, and take initiative?

Frontal lobes

What does nature refer to in the nature versus nurture debate?

Genes and biology

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

Genotype; bb

Foot in the door technique

Getting your parents to agree to cut down their smoking to a few cigarettes a day the asking them to quit

The myelin sheath is made from____.

Glial cells

Analytical Intelligence

Good at evaluating, comparing, and analyzing info. Correlates with IQ and academic success

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish?

Groan and move eyes

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Which statement about groupthink is correct

Group members modify their opinions to match what they is the group consensus

_______ is the strengthing of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group

Group poloarization

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and interpersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior

Group processes

mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem

HEURISTIC

Some people with schizophrenia report hearing voices or seeing things that are not there. These are both examples of:

Hallucinations

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

Hassles

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following stratigies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups

Having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory?

He found no evidence that an engram actual exists

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory?

He found no evidence that an engram actual exists.

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures

How did Lashley develop the equipotentiality hypothesis?

He trained rats in the correct route through a maze, then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze.

Babinski

Helped hairy baby cling to hairy mom

Hypothalamus

Helps regulate many vital bodily functions, including hunger, thirst, daily sleep cycles, body temperature, bodily response to stress, reproductive processes, as well as emotional states and aggressive behavior

Authoritarian Parenting Style

High demand

Authoritative Parenting Style

High demands and support

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of ________ bias.

Hindsight

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

Hippocampus

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale?

Holmes and Rahe

is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels

Homeostasis

_____ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same sex orientation

Homophobia

What should be changed to make the following true. " Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to pain

Hostile to instrumental

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

How language affects one's outlook on the world

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Howard Gardner Raymond Cattell Charles Spearman ROBRET STERNBERG

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

INDIRECT theoretical practical direct

Adolescents (age 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescences face the ________ task of development

Identify vs. confusion

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

Jasmine belongs to the chess club. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess clubs while avoiding those who are not in the group

In group

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

Increase

What is the main pong of the textbook discussion of Milgrams obedience study

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect

Influence of the group majority on individual judgement

People view Enviormental protection agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment so they posses

Informational

Which type of social influence involves conformity to s group norm promoted by the belief that the group is competent and had the correct information

Informational

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes heather to get the cookie without intentions of hurting her

Instrumental aggression

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs

Intake

Creative Intelligence

Involves the generation of novel ideas and products (experimental)

From a cognitive psychology perspective, why is getting plenty of sleep the night before an exam important?

It allows for consolidation of studied material in long-term memory.

Which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia?

John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

The ____ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Just world

communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another

LANGUAGE

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

LEXICON phoneme morpheme grammar

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

Lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

One example of______is the difference between hemispheres in the area underlying language function.

Lateralization

Self serving bias

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is and exceptionally hard working studebt

continually using an old solution to a problem without results

MENTAL SET

The_____difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron?

Membrane Potential

The_____is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

Membrane potential

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

Memory

What is the term used to describe the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

Memory

Age-specific approximation of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental _____.

Milestones

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study

Milgram lord to his respondents making his study borderline unethical

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

What is groupthink

Modification of the opinions of members of s group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place?

Motor skill deficit in the left side of her body

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

Natural ARTIFICAL Ideal Prototypical

Permissive Parenting Style

No demands

Uninvolved

No demands nor support

Suppose you hate reality tv but pretend to love them in order to fit it m

Normative

Classical Conditioning

Occurs when a previously neutral stimulus elicits a different response by being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Operant Conditioning

Occurs when a response elicits a new, conditioned response

Self Efficacy

One's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to____

Only the right visual field

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

basic sound unit of a given language

PHONEMES

best representation of a concept; for example, a golden retriever might represent your concept of "dog"

PROTOTYPE

Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding social exchange theory

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory?

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

What is the main point of quizmaster study

People who will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior

What is the main point of the quizmaster study?

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

Split Brain

People with a corpus callosum that has been surgically severed

What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system?

People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate

People's thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by social situations

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message

Peripheral route

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends that authority figures. What kind of parent song style is this?

Permissive

Parenting Styles

Permissive, authoritative, authoritarian, uninvolved

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a

Persons knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Positive Psychology

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

Positive psychology

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlock the door, and lets her self and call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ______ level of Kohlberg's theory of mortality.

Post-conventional

Types of Intelligence

Practical, analytical, creative, emotional

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

Pre-conventional

Constructive Process Memory

Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning one gives to events

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care _____ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when his is unable to do so for himself.

Proxy

Psychiatrists vs Psychologists

Psychiatrists focus on medical treatments while psychologists focus on therapy

Sociocultural Psychology

Psychological perspective most responsible for bringing issues related to diversity to the forefront of psychological research

Humanistic Psychology

Psychological perspective that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior

Albert Bandura

Psychologist known for the bobo doll study

Mary Ainsworth

Psychologist known for the strange situations experiment

Fundamental Attribution Error

Putting too much emphasis on dispositional instead of situational

consistency, producing the same results again and again

RELIABILITY

faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment; for example you meet someone from Canada that is polite so you assume all Canadians are polite

REPRESENTATIVENESS BIAS

Heather and mike share the household chores equally. Take turns cooking and driving their son to daycare, both work and take responsibility. This is

Reciprocity

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory.

Recognition

Schizophrenia

Refers to a class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

Rehearsal

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you won't forget it. This process is called ________.

Rehearsal

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

Repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Sucking

Results from pressure to the mouth

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

Retrieval

____ proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence consisting of three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Robert Sternberg

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it this leads her to become depressed.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed.

Infantile Reflexes

Rooting, sucking, gripping, moro, babinski

Penny eggs and acting job

Self serving bias

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

Semantic

During Jean piagets _______ stage, the world is experiencing through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies

Sensorimotor

Damage to the occipital lobe may results in difficulty with?

Sight

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

believed that personality develops during early childhood

Sigmund Freud

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training

Simon bites his mother

Anna thinks that bill is rude to her because she has to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ____ view of bill

Situationist

Terminal Buttons

Small knobs at the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

Smell

What is a social role

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Sensory and motor neurons of the_____nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

Somatic

Fatima generalized that all mean are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima many be applying______negative beliefs

Stereotyoes

Why do strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

Strong emotional experiences can trigger the release of neurotransmitters and hormones that strengthen memory.

What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in?

Stroop effect

Kohlberg

Studied moral development by asking people to respond to moral dilemmas

Family / Adoption Studies

Studies examining the relation between nature and nurturer

Bobo Doll Study

Study of children's behavior after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

Substantia nigra; dopamine

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ____ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences and beliefs differ over 10-year period.

Surveys

Assimilation

Taking in new information into previously existing schemas

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racisim

Teaching children to think independently and challenges social norms that promote racism

Which of the following is an example of the self fulfilling prophecy

Telling someone with dyslexia she cananky learn to read, leading her to be illiterate

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing?

Temperature, Touch, and Pain

Intelligence

The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to think logically and flexibly without the need to use learned knowledge

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

Cognitive Psychology

The approach that studies how humans process information

Biological / Physiological Psychology

The approach that studies the relationships between biological processes

The central nervous system consists of?

The brain and the spinal cord

What is meant by the term etiology?

The cause of a disorder

Hippocampus

The center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system

Locus of Control

The extent to which people believe they have power over events in their lives

Contact Hypothesis

The hypothesis that contact between two groups will improve relations

What is the Flynn effect?

The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups. THE OBSERVATION THAT EACH GENERATION HAS A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IQ THAN THE PREVIOUS GENERATION. Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically. The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation.

Temporal Lobe

The parts of the cerebral cortex lying beneath and somewhat behind the frontal lobes that are involved in processing auditory stimuli.

Occipital Lobe

The parts of the cerebral cortex, located at the back of both cerebral hemispheres, that process visual stimuli.

Frontal Lobe

The parts of the cerebral cortex, located at the front of the cerebral hemispheres, that are considered the "executive center" of the brain because of their role in higher mental functions.

Parietal Lobe

The parts of the cerebral cortex, located on the side of each cerebral hemisphere, that process bodily sensations.

Lateralization

The specialization of the right and left cerebral hemispheres for particular functions

How is lifespan development defined?

The study of how we grow and change from conception to death

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this but focusing kn

The way janekas frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hostile aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain.

The word "hostile" should be changed to the word "instrumental."

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it?

They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

Neurotransmitters

Things that carry messages to adjacent neurons

Motor Neuron

Transmits commands from the brain to the muscles of the body

Sensory Neuron

Transmits information from the sense organs to the central nervous system

Discrimination

Treating individuals unequally and unjustly on the basis of their group memberships

Which of the following best examplifies pro social behavior

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries

Behavioral Psychology

Understanding the behavior of humans and other animals

accuracy; the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure

VALIDITY

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

Values CONCEPTS Beliefs Emotions

Independent Variable

Variable that is manipulated

Dependent Variable

Variable that is measured

________ encoding is the encoding of images.

Visual

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by ones culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) WECHSLER ADOLESENCE INTELLIGENCE MEASURE (WAIM)

Semantics

What dictates the meanings of words

Remembering ________ is a good example of semantic memory.

What the word chocolate means

Extinction

When a conditioned behavior is no longer reinforced and it eventually stops occurring

Positive Reinforcement

When a stimulus is added and the behavior increases

Negative Reinforcement

When a stimulus is removed and the behavior increases

Entrapment

When one becomes locked into a pattern of repeating a behavior

Cognitive Dissonance

When one's actions don't line up with their beliefs

Secure Attachment

When the infant treats the mother as a secure base for which they can explore the world

Rooting

When you touch a baby's face and it turns towards that direction

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate?

Women report experiencing more stress than men.

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is this

Yale attitude change

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment

Zimbardo

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment

Zimbardo did not us a control group

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo did not use a control group.

What is an engram?

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

Concept

a label that regards or treats an abstraction as if it had concrete or material existence, such as a person, a place, or a thing

What is the minimum amount of time addicts should receive treatment if they are to achieve a desired outcome? a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 12 months

a. 3 months

The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act. a. cognitive therapy b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. behavior therapy d. client-centered therapy

a. cognitive therapy

The process of closing large asylums and providing for people to stay in the community to be treated locally is known as ________. a. deinstitutionalization b. exorcism c. deactivation d. decentralization

a. deinstitutionalization

Joey was convicted of domestic violence. As part of his sentence, the judge has ordered that he attend therapy for anger management. This is considered ________ treatment. a. involuntary b. voluntary c. forced d. mandatory

a. involuntary

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

ability to speak lexicon MASTERY OF THE GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE ability to communicate

describes when they change their schemata based on new information

accomodation

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.

acoustic

Tom believes he is unable to stop gambling because his friends all gamble and are a bad influence; however, he believes that Barnaby is unable to stop gambling because Barnaby is addicted to gambling. This is an example of ________.

actor-observer bias

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

an algorithm functional fixedness THE AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC the hindsight bias

What is the just-world hypothesis?

an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

anchoring bias hindsight bias representative bias FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

anger/hostility

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease?

anger/hostility

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory.

arousal

when they take in information that is comparable to what they already know

assimilation

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

authoritative

the parent places high value on conformity and obedience

authority style

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

aversive conditioning

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didnâ t go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

When an individual has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substancerelated diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, this is known as ________. a. bipolar disorder b. comorbid disorder c. codependency d. bi-morbid disorder

b. comorbid disorder

Who of the following does not support the humane and improved treatment of mentally ill persons? a. Philippe Pinel b. medieval priests c. Dorothea Dix d. All of the above

b. medieval priests

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

becoming split off, or separated, from oneâ s core sense of self

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?

behavior

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________.

bipolar disorder

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would

bring shame to the family.

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

buying a new home

The frontal lobes become fully developed ________.

by 25 years old

Today, most people with psychological problems are not hospitalized. Typically they are only hospitalized if they ________. a. have schizophrenia b. have insurance c. are an imminent threat to themselves or others d. require therapy

c. are an imminent threat to themselves or others

Mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are used to treat ________. a. anxiety disorders b. depression c. bipolar disorder d. ADHD

c. bipolar disorder

PET

can visualize where glucose is being used in the brain

axon

carries signal to axon endings

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.

chunking

What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy?

client's present and future

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

client-centered

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

relates to the ability to take the perspective of others and feel concern for others

cognitive empathy

The idea behind ________ is that how you think determines how you feel and act.

cognitive therapy

occurs when sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote

conception

A psychological disorder is a ________.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

confirmation bias MENTAL SET hindsight bias functional fixedness

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

autonomic nervous system

controls automatic functions and involuntary functions

medulla

controls heart beat and breathing

John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________. a. release b. reversion c. re-addiction d. relapse

d. relapse

Which of the following is the order of stages in Kübler-Ross's five-stage model of grief?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during fight or flight response

digestion function becomes more active

broca's area

directs muscle movements involved with speech

development takes place in unique stages

discontinuous development

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

discrimination

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

dysgraphia dyslexia intellectual disability DYSCALCULIA

the field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

maturing of the sex glands

gondarche

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

frontal lobe

involved in speaking and muscle movements and making plans and judgement

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout?

job strain

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she canâ t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic

This process of cell division is called

mitosis

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

narcissistic

biology and genetics

nature

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

neuron

nerve cell. what our brains are made out of

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?

no sensation in his legs and feet

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

homeostasis

our resting condition, what makes things go back to normal.

stages of moral reasoning

pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional

organs specifically needed for reproduction, like the uterus and ovaries in females and testes in male

primary sexual characteristics

glial cells

provide nutrients, support and protect neurons. also called grey matter

occipital lobe

receives visual information from the opposite field

When it comes to relationships we expect to share thoughts feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called

reciprocity

EEG

records brain waves with electrodes placed on the scalp

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehearsal

John was drug-free for almost six months. Then he started hanging out with his addict friends, and he has now started abusing drugs again. This is an example of ________.

relapse

children tend to show clingy behavior, but then they reject the attachment figure's attempts to interact with them

resistant attachment

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance?

self-reference effect

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

social loafing

What is episodic memory?

storage of facts and events we have personally experienced

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

aphasia

the impaired use of language

action potential

the scientific word for the nerve impulse

dendrites

these receive messages from other cells

cerebral cortex

ultimate control and information processing center

the parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful

uninvolved style

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

visual

Ebbinghaus found that about one day after you learn new material, you will only remember ____ percent of it if you have not reviewed it a second time.

30%

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? A. mild B. profound C. severe D. moderate

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________. A. standardization B. norming C. validation D. cohorting

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets? A. standard deviation B. correlation coefficient C. variability D. heritability

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language? A. lexicon B. phoneme C. morpheme D. grammar

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? A. Robert Sternberg B. Raymond Cattell C. Charles Spearman D. Howard Gardner

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. A. Concepts B. Beliefs C. Values D. Emotions

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics. A. Artificial B. Prototypical C. Natural D. Ideal

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. A. Asylums B. Churches C. Clinics D. Hospitals

A. Asylums

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence?

AFRICAN AMERICAS, AS A GROUP, HAD THE LOWEST AMOUNT OF LEVEL II INTELLIGENCE. Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce. Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged. Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service.

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school?

ALFRED BINET Sir Francis Galton Marcelle Curie Louis Terman

problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions; for example, the area of a rectangle can be determined by length x width

ALGORITHM

believing the opinion of your doctor on a topic without doing your own research is an example of this

AUTHORITY HEURISTIC

faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information readily available to you

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC

Emotional Intelligence

Abilities to to read others' emotions accurately, respond to others' emotions appropriately, be aware of one's own emotions, and regulate one's own emotional responses

Crystal Intelligence

Ability to apply acquired/learned information

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

General Adaptation Syndrome

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

_____ was a French psychologist who was hired by the government to create a test to measure a child's "mental age" in order to identify children who might need extra help in school.

Alfred Binet

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Anxiety

Disorganized-disoriented attachment

Appear confused about approaching or avoiding mother

Moro

Arms stretched out when falling

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?

Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity—including race, class, and gender.

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. A. representational B. confirmation C. anchoring D. hindsight

Lydia is often described as having an easy, laid-back outlook on life. She tends to be very relaxed, is not particularly competitive, and rarely feels or demonstrates anger or hostility. Lydia exemplifies a Type ________ behavior pattern.

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. A. representational bias B. hindsight bias C. anchoring bias D. availability heuristic

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. A. provide correct or established answers to a problem B. analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast C. produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem D. think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. A. suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption B. revealed a genetic component to intelligence C. suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence D. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________. A. lexicon B. mastery of the grammatical aspects of language C. ability to communicate D. ability to speak

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? A. hindsight bias B. functional fixedness C. representative bias D. anchoring bias

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? A. Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. B. Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families. C. Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. D. Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home.

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A. language B. semantics C. syntax D. interpretation

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. A. Personality B. Cognition C. Priming D. Conceptualization

According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue. A. 5% B. 13% C. 21% D. 50%

B. 13%

Statistics show that _________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A. 15% B. 26% C. 35% D. 60%

B. 26%

. ________ can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; they can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness. A. Antidepressants B. Atypical antipsychotics C. Mood stabilizers D. Stimulants

B. Atypical antipsychotics

Who developed client-centered therapy? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Philippe Pinel

B. Carl Rogers

What is the goal of humanistic therapy? A. helping clients change undesirable behaviors B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves C. learning a new response to a stimulus D. treating a client's fear or anxiety

B. helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations. B. sleep episodes. C. paranoia. D. visual hallucinations.

B. sleep episodes.

Regarding traditional psychoanalysis, which of the following statements is least true? A. A major technique in psychoanalysis is dream analysis. B. Freud believed that the ability to understand transference is essential to a client's success in psychoanalysis. C. Freud's felt that the ego would never try to block or repress unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during free association. D. Patients are instructed to lay down on a couch.

C. Freud's felt that the ego would never try to block or repress unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during free association.

Behavior therapy focuses on ____. A. changing thoughts to correspond to behaviors. B. helping clients achieve self-actualization. C. changing maladaptive patterns of responding. D. altering errors of thinking.

C. changing maladaptive patterns of responding.

Chunking

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory. A. fluid B. analytic C. functional D. practical

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept. A. artificial B. modular C. prototypical D. natural

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A. event B. script C. artificial D. role

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence. A. intrapersonal B. applied C. crystallized D. fluid

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence? A. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) B. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) C. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) D. Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

Which of the following was not listed in the textbook as a barrier to mental health treatment? A. Fears about treatment B. Language C. Transportation D. Being a member of the ethnic majority

D. Being a member of the ethnic majority

Which type of therapy focuses on helping relatives to focus on changing disruptive patterns of communication and improving the ways in which members relate to each other? A. Group therapy B. Marital therapy C. Couples therapy D. Family therapy

D. Family therapy

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is least true? A. It involves dream analysis. B. It involves free association. C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century

D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Evidence-based practice in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of therapist characteristics, culture, and preferences. A. The word "clinical" should be changed to the word "theoretical." B. The word "preferences" should be changed to the word "references." C. The word "psychology" should be changed to the word "therapy." D. The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

D. The word "therapist" should be changed to the word "client."

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used successfully in order to treat ______. A. schizophrenia. B. ADHD. C. somatoform disorder. D. depression.

D. depression.

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A. a lobotomy B. resistance therapy C. free association D. humanistic therapy

D. humanistic therapy

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this best exemplify? A. behavior therapy B. cognitive therapy C. humanistic therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

. Electroconvulsive therapy is most effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. A. a slight mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches. B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety. C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia. D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy.

D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy.

The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antipsychotics C. atypical antipsychotics D. stimulants

D. stimulants

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using? A. aversion therapy B. free association C. play therapy D. systematic desensitization

D. systematic desensitization

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect behavior

D. thoughts affect behavior

The goal of hospice is to provide

Death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting

Brain Lobes (F, T, P, O)

Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, and Occipital

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

Fugue

set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon

GRAMMAR

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

Hypothalamus

Both nature and nurture have been found to contribute to the development of schizophrenia. In his early twenties, Jim was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following demonstrates how nature could've contributed to Jim's diagnosis?

Jim's mother also has schizophrenia.

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

PTSD

Dianne and bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not containe expectations beyond that. This is called

Romantic

process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

SEMANTICS

this is a measure of general intelligence

SPEARMAN'S "G"

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets?

STANDARD DEVIATION correlation coefficient variability heritability

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent

STANDARDIZATION

manner by which words are organized into sentences

SYNTAX

In California undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the states

Scapegoating

____ are concepts that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Schemata

concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Schemata

Which of the following illustrates conversation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece into three slices

Attachment Styles

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized-disoriented

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthinking from occurinh

Seeking outside opinions on group decison

Avoidant Attachment

Seeks little contact with mothers and does not notice when mother leaves

Following an outcome...... are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light

Self serving bias

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: ______________ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Sensory

Erik Erickson

Theory of psychological development (eight stages, each characterized by a crisis)

Which statement about Sternbergs triangular theory of love is most accurate

There are three components of love; intamacy , passion, and commitment

active listening

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?

amygdala

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of your ________. a. education b. socioeconomic status c. culture and background d. age

c. culture and background

A treatment modality in which 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician is known as ________. a. family therapy b. couples therapy c. group therapy d. self-help group

c. group therapy

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.

challenge; threat

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The step of recall, which is the conscious repetition of information to be remembered in order to move it from STM into long-term memory, is called memory consolidation.

change the word "recall" to the word "rehearsal"

ECT stands for ________.

electroconvulsive therapy

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

pons

helps coordinate movement

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

hindsight anchoring representational CONFIRMATION

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

logical-mathematical; interpersonal intrapersonal; naturalist musical; linguistic INTERPERSONAL; INTRAPERSONAL

our environment and culture

nurture

The______nervous system is responsible for stimulation digestion and causing the bladder to contract?

parasympathetic

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

the kids run the show and anything goes

permissive style

What is stress?

process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraises as overwhelming or threatening o one's well-being

temporal lobe

receives auditory information, typically from the opposite ear

adrenal glands

release adrenaline

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern

physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs, such as development of breasts and hips in girls, and development of facial hair and a deepened voice in boys

secondary sexual characteristics

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

semantic

The space between two neurons is called the

synapse

refers to innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment.

temperment

lesion

tissue destruction

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. A. logical-mathematical B. spatial C. bodily kinesthetic D. interpersonal

What is the Flynn effect? A. The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation. B. Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically. C. The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation. D. The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups.

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test? A. A professional trained in psychology. B. A board-certified psychiatrist. C. A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. D. An employee of the Social Security administration.

Axons

A long cable that projects trunklike from the soma and conducts outgoing messages to other neurons

Regarding behavior therapy, which of the following statements is least true? A. Aversive conditioning uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviors. B. Gradual exposure can help people overcome specific phobias, social phobias, and post- traumatic stress disorder. C. Behavior therapy is also referred to as behavior modification. D. In systematic desensitization, the goal is to use relaxation as an incompatible response to fear in order to weaken the bonds between the frightening stimuli and the fear response.

A. Aversive conditioning uses principles of operant conditioning to help people extinguish undesirable behaviors.

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. C. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.

A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

. What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services? A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle- class Americans. B. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White, middle- class Americans. C. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services to the same extent as White, middle- class Americans. E. Ethnically Asian minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than ethnically Black minorities.

A. Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle- class Americans.

Which of the following is least true regarding group therapy? A. Group therapy is usually less economical than individual therapy. B. Confidentiality can be a potential problem. C. Personality clashes and arguments among group members can arise. D. Groups can either be structured or unstructured.

A. Group therapy is usually less economical than individual therapy.

Carl Rogers was the major developer of ________ therapy. A. Humanistic B. Existential C. Behavior D. Psychodynamic

A. Humanistic

Regarding behavior therapy, which of the following is least true? A. It focuses on changing the client's thoughts and feelings. B. It can apply operant conditioning. C. It can apply classical conditioning. D. It can apply counterconditioning.

A. It focuses on changing the client's thoughts and feelings.

Which of the following is most true regarding the use of psychotropic medications? A. Medicines work uniquely for each person. B. Behaviors are not impacted by mental health medication. C. Medicine should be viewed as a cure for all mental health illnesses. D. Doctors should only view medicines only as a last resort.

A. Medicines work uniquely for each person.

Albert Ellis is associated with ______ therapy. A. Rational-Emotive B. Psychoanalytic C. Psychotropic D. Behavioral

A. Rational-Emotive

Which of the following is least true regarding client-centered therapy? A. Therapists are directive, B. Advice from therapists should not be given. C. The model is humanistic D. Therapists use active listening (reflecting clients' feelings)

A. Therapists are directive,

Susan admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Susan loses all admiration for Helga. Susan thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. collapsing boundaries C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

A. all-or-nothing thinking

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? A. behavior B. biomedical C. cognitive D. exposure

A. behavior

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A. biomedical B. cognitive C. humanistic D. RET

A. biomedical

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy. A. client-centered B. cognitive-behavioral C. ECT D. personality-focused

A. client-centered

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive therapy B. non-directive therapy C. play therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

A. cognitive therapy

What most often happens to patients after undergoing electroshock therapy? A. depression lifts B. subsequent months of uncontrollable crying C. life-long twitching D. development of schizophrenia

A. depression lifts

Psychoanalysis is to ____ as cognitive-behavioral therapy is to ______. A. dream analysis ; homework assignments. B. homework assignments ; dream analysis C. medication ; free association D. free association ; medication

A. dream analysis ; homework assignments.

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. A. group B. humanistic C. individual D. play

A. group

A potential danger of being on unmonitored antipsychotic medications for long time frames is that it can potentially lead to ______. A. tardive dyskinesia (tremors). B. uncontrollable pain. C. hallucinations D. unexplained agressiveness

A. tardive dyskinesia (tremors).

What is the just world hypothesis

An idealogy common in the US that people get the outcomes they deserve

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads?

Androgens

Peripheral route example

Anti smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuassijn

Antismoking advertisers that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking related causes

What should be changed to make the statement true. " Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behaviors

Ash to Zimbardo

Ritalin is to ____ as Prozac is to ______. A. depression ; ADHD B. ADHD ; depression C. schizophrenia ; panic disorder D. panic disorder ; schizophrenia

B. ADHD ; depression

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Adderall B. Clozaril C. Lithium D. Xanax

B. Clozaril

Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States? A. Carl Rogers B. Dorothea Dix C. Philippe Pinel D. Sigmund Freud

B. Dorothea Dix

Which of the following involves more than talking as part of patient-cures? A. psychoanalysis B. ECT C. RET D. cognitive therapy

B. ECT

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? A. Behavior can be conditioned. B. How you think determines how you feel. C. Thoughts cannot be changed. D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

B. How you think determines how you feel.

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.

B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A. Nursing homes B. Rural areas C. Schools D. Urban areas

B. Rural areas

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. A. anti-anxiety agents. B. antidepressants. C. antipsychotics. D. mood stabilizers.

B. antidepressants.

The major classes of psychiatric drugs are ________ (e.g., Valium and Xanax), ________ (e.g., Zoloft and Prozac), and ________ (e.g. Thorazine and Haldol). A. antipsychotic, anxiety, depression B. anxiety, depression, antipsychotic C. depression, anxiety, antipsychotic D. antipsychotic, depression, anxiety

B. anxiety, depression, antipsychotic

Jim wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Jim using to stop biting his nails? A. aversion therapy B. aversive conditioning C. experience conditioning D. exposure therapy

B. aversive conditioning

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this best exemplify? A. aversive conditioning B. behavior therapy C. client-centered therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

B. behavior therapy

When an individual has two or more diagnoses (which often includes a substance related diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis) this is known as ________. A. bipolar disorder. B. comorbid disorder C. codependency. D. bi-morbid disorder.

B. comorbid disorder

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique. A. classical conditioning B. counterconditioning C. free association D. psychodynamic

B. counterconditioning

Aversive conditioning is a ________. A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior. B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior. C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors. D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors.

B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior.

Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old? A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. dementia disorder C. conduct disorder D. mood disorder

B. dementia disorder

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A. cognitive therapy B. free association C. rational emotive therapy D. transference

B. free association

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician? A. couple therapy B. group therapy C. strategic family therapy D. structural family therapy

B. group therapy

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify? A. naturalist B. intrapersonal C. interpersonal D. linguistic

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. A. analytic B. crystallized C. creative D. fluid

What is the confirmation bias? A. stereotyping someone or something unintentionally B. focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision C. focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs D. believing the event you just experienced was predictable

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence? A. Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce. B. Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service. C. African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence. D. Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged.

Which of the following best exemplifies a benefit of group therapy? A. Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy. B. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy. C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem. D. There is less transference during group therapy.

C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what best represents the cognitive distortion? A. Lana being late for dinner with her parents B. Lana feeling bad about herself C. Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe D. Lana's parents not caring that she is late for dinner

C. Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. A. The phrase "or anxiety" should be eliminated. B. The phrase "or situation" should be eliminated. C. The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure." D. The word "problem" should be changed to the word "anxiety."

C. The word "aversion" should be changed to the word "exposure."

Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. D. You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.

C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________. A. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss. B. client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions. C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment. D. therapist hypnotizes the client.

C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversion therapy B. classical conditioning C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. free association

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters. B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine. C. depressing central nervous system activity. D. improving the ability to focus on tasks.

C. depressing central nervous system activity.

. ECT stands for ________. A. easy classical treatment B. economy, cognition, tokens C. electroconvulsive therapy D. extra conditioning therapy

C. electroconvulsive therapy

According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? A. client's characteristics, values, preferences, and culture B. clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex D. use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client's issue

C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. free association B. humanistic C. involuntary D. voluntary

C. involuntary

Gene is talking with her wife, Mary. Mary starts crying, and Gene immediately assumes that Mary wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. emotional crumbling C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

C. jumping to conclusions

When people have problems, they A. always see a professional counselor for help. B. never see a pastor or other clergy member for help. C. may see a variety of individuals in order to obtain help. D. never seek help

C. may see a variety of individuals in order to obtain help.

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This best exemplifies ________. A. biomedical therapy. B. play therapy. C. psycho-educational treatment. D. rational-emotive therapy (RET)

C. psycho-educational treatment.

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client. B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant. C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment. D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background.

C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment.

Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________. A. addiction B. comorbidity C. relapse D. reversion

C. relapse

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem? A. comorbid B. relative C. strategic D. structural

C. strategic

Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. A. suggested the person could not be helped. B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine. C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure. D. was too negative.

C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure.

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

COGNITION Priming Conceptualization Personality

faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that supports your beliefs while ignoring evidence that goes against your beliefs

CONFIRMATION BIAS

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. A. admission B. analysis C. counseling D. intake

D. intake

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A. all-or-nothing thinking B. beating a dead horse C. jumping to conclusions D. overgeneralization

D. overgeneralization

In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was ________. A. a prophet B. about to die C. in need of counseling D. possessed by demons

D. possessed by demons

. Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A. classical conditioning B. humanism C. RET D. token economy

D. token economy

. Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. client focus C. transference D. unconditional positive regard

D. unconditional positive regard

. Lexi cannot control her impulses to pull out her hair. Her friend Paul suggests that she see a therapist and Lexi agrees. She gets a referral from her primary care physician for a therapist and begins seeing Dr. Clark four times a month. What kind of treatment does this describe? A. classical conditioning B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C. involuntary D. voluntary

D. voluntary

How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A. months B. one week of intensive sessions C. weeks D. years

D. years

Mark and Rosa commit to support eachother but they have no real physical passion and do not share their thoughts and feelings. Their love is called

Empty

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services?

Ethnic minorities tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White, middle-class Americans.

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

Eustress

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. She goes home and gets into a argument with her roommate. Pee assumes she bullying instead of thinking she had a bad day. Lee is making a

Fundamental attribution error

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to slight with what they believe is the group consensus

Groupthink

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory?

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

Which example best examplifies homophily

Latara and Vaughn are the same race and attend the same church. They met in their psychology class, a subject they both major in . They begin to date.

Which theorist proposed that moral thinking proceeds through a series of stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Door-in-the-Face

Making a large request with the intent of getting turned down to then

Critical Thinking

Making reasoned judgments that are logical and well-thought out

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to text the defense of " I was just following orders"

Milgram

mental groupings that are created through your experiences; a rainbow is an example

NATURAL CONCEPT

Narcissistic

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person cognitive functioning is central to the _______ perspective in developmental psychology.

Neuroconstructivist

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she canâ t stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

PTSD

Practical Intelligence

Related to overall success in living. Learned mainly through diservation of others' behavior as opposed to academic success. Able to learn gender norms and principles and apply them appropriately (adapts to situations)

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

Relearning

Fake thinks that women shouldn't work outside the home and vows never to hire women at his bank. Dales attitude and Anne course of action are

Sexist

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniels company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of

Social exchange

Make this true. "Social exchange is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits

Social exchange to altruism

Travis is part of a group playing tug of war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged

Social loafing

Who was Stanley Milgram

Social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of " i was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment

Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Schizophrenia is defined as:

a severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms.

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.

a token economy

What happens during an intake? a. The therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client's support system, and insurance status. The therapist informs the client about confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in a therapy session. b. The therapist guides what happens in the therapy session and designs a detailed approach to resolving each member's presenting problem. c. The therapist meets with a couple to help them see how their individual backgrounds, beliefs, and actions are affecting their relationship. d. The therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: For example, who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, and how decisions are made.

a. The therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs such as the presenting problem, the client's support system, and insurance status. The therapist informs the client about confidentiality, fees, and what to expect in a therapy session.

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

anterograde

The famous case of H.M. demonstrated ________ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memories but cannot encode new ones.

anterograde

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

asch

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

association areas

associate various sensory inputs with stored memories

hippocampus

associated with learning and memory; part of the limbic system

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?

asthma

Which of the following was not listed as a barrier to mental health treatment?

being a member of the ethnic majority

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a personâ s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.

biofeedback

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

neurotransmitter

chemicals that transfer signals between neurons (in the synapse)

Which group is play therapy often used to treat?

children

Addiction is often viewed as a(n) ________ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain.

chronic

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

cognitive

cognitive therapy

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel physical attraction. Their love is called ________.

companionate

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

The view that development is a cumulative process, gradually adding to the same type of skills is known as

continuous development

somatic nervous system

controls voluntary movements

motor cortex

controls voluntary movements and is part of the frontal lobe

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

Aversive conditioning is a ________.

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Myelin sheath

covers the axon and helps speed up neural impulses

Each organ of the fetus develops during a specific period in the pregnancy

critical or sensitive period

The time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop is known as ________.

critical period

crystallized analytic fluid CREATIVE

The sociocultural perspective looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the contextof your ________.

culture and background

Which of the following was not listed as a barrier to mental health treatment? a. fears about treatment b. language c. transportation d. being a member of the ethnic majority

d. being a member of the ethnic majority

Clay is in a therapy session. The therapist asks him to relax and say whatever comes to his mind at the moment. This therapist is using ________, which is a technique of ________. a. active listening; client-centered therapy b. systematic desensitization; behavior therapy c. transference; psychoanalysis d. free association; psychoanalysis

d. free association; psychoanalysis

Suppose your walking down a street. A women has fallen down but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you taht you should help. You just assume someone else will

diffusion of responsibility

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesnâ t feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boys pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boyâ s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Benigno wakes up in the middle of the night. He dreamed that he left the oven on, and he is now convinced that the oven is on. He can't go back to sleep until he turns the oven off. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

distortion

distributed

Which of the following is a good example of the use of a mnemonic?

dreaming about an airport and deciding to take a trip

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Barney used to live in Pittsburgh, and his telephone number started with the area code 412. Now he has moved to Baltimore, and his new telephone number has an area code of 410. Barney remembers his new area code by connecting it to the old one and just "subtracting two." This is an example of ________ rehearsal.

elaborative

episodic

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.

eustress

event script ROLE artificial

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. Because I am actively and consciously remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________ memory.

explicit

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report?

explicit memories

Whattype of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report ?

explicit memories

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

explicit memory

A set of physiological reactions (increases in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, and sweat) that occur when an individual encounters a perceived threat is called ___________.

fight-of-flight response

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

reticular formation

filters incoming stimuli and relays them to the appropriate part of the brain

Using scissors to cut out paper shapes is an example of ________.

fine motor skills

focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions

fine motor skills

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they â lose themselvesâ in the activity.

flow

fluid functional analytic PRACTICAL

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the main task of the adolescent?

forming an identity

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

g-factor triarchic evolutionary RANGE OF REACTION

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

focus on large muscle groups that control our arms and legs and involve larger movements

gross motor skills

is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.

group polarization

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?

group think

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________.

hassles

hindsight

Peter had an injury that caused damage to his brain. As a result, he can longer form new memories about people he meets or information he learns. Which part of Peter's brain is most likely damaged?

hippocampus

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

The process by which one's physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

The process by which oneâ s physiological defense system becomes less efficient at fighting illness is called ________ and this process is enhanced by elevated stress levels.

immunosuppression

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory.

implicit

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

amygdala

influences aggression and fear; part of the limbic system

dopamine

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion. also known as the happy chemical.

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________.

instrumental aggression

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs despair

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

interpersonal bodily kinesthetic LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL spatial

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

interpretation syntax language SEMANTICS

involuntary

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

jumping to conclusions

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________.

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the bodyâ s immune system are called ________.

lymphocytes

Of the following substances or substance groups, which is the only one where illicit use patterns are higher in those between 12 and 17 years old than those who are 18 to 25 years of age?

marijuana

Hyperpolarization means that the?

membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

misinformation effect paradigm

refer to our ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

motor skills

naturalist linguistic intrapersonal INTERPERSONAL

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

The idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists is called ________.

object permanence

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

object permanence

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

acetylcholine

one of the best understood neurotransmitters. it enables muscle action, learning, and memory.

overgeneralization

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

phoneme letter MORPHEME syllable

_______ development involves growth and changes in the body and the brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness.

physical

Engram refers to the ________.

physical trace of a memory

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact.

physiological

Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?

play therapy

Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

posttraumatic stress

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?

proactive

problem-focused

cerebellum

processes coordination and balance

profound severe moderate MILD

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

prototypical modular artificial NATURAL

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

provide correct or established answers to a problem think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem ANALYZE, EVALUATE, JUDGE, COMPARE, AND CONTRAST

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

psychiatric hospitals

Developmental psychologists study human growth and development across three domains. Which of the following is not one of these domains?

psychological

Freud's stages are called the stages of

psychosexual development

theory emphasizes the social nature of our development rather than its sexual nature

psychosocial development

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

psychotic

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

thalamus

receives sensory information. receives all senses except for smell

parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch and body position

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory.

recognition

relearning

pituitary gland

releases growth hormones and tells other glands to release hormones (the "master gland"). it's controlled by the hypothalamus

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

remembering the colors of the rainbow

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

representational bias anchoring bias availability heuristic HINDSIGHT BIAS

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to German. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember German vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she can't; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

Katya studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary she canâ t; instead she can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.

retrograde

which means that objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition

reversibility

________ have over 85% of the l669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

The child uses the parent as a base from which to explore her world in which attachment style?

secure

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings

secure base

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

peripheral nervous system

sensory and motor neurons that connect to the central nervous system

reflex arc

sensory neuron to interneuron to motor neuron creates a reflex

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

severe depressive symptoms

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________.

social support

__________ can take different forms, such as advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance

social support

What is a social role?

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

spatial linguistic MUSICAL logical-mathematical

Which of the following is not a way you can use what you know about memory to help you remember the names of all 50 states?

stay up the night before your exam to maximize the amount of time you have to study

Martha and Mikey go to meet with a psychotherapist and other parents to learn about their adult son's symptoms of schizophrenia. They spend time discussing the illness, learning to understand his challenges, and getting information about how to most effectively help him recover. This approach is called a ________ group.

structural

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem?

structural

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption REVEALED A GENETIC COMPONENT TO INTELLIGENCE

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells â the man with the blue shirt did it.â Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________, or the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city Not

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using?

systematic desensitization

is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus.

teratogen

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

threshold

the amount of stimulation required to trigger a nerve impulse

central nervous system

the brain and the spine

wernicke's area

the brain area involved with language comprehension and expression

plasticity

the brain's capacity for modification

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

cell body

the cell's control center. it receives the signal and sends it to the axon endings.

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy?

the client's present and future

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100?

the death of a spouse

sensory cortex

the front of the parietal lobe. processes body touch and movement sensations

hypothalamus

the part of the brain that's in charge of homeostasis (hunger, thirst, body temp); part of the limbic system

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

these are part of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic is fight or flight response. Parasympathetic is calming and conserves energy.

endorphins

they are natural neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

antagonist

they inhibit neurotransmitters release.

agonist

they mimic the effect of the neurotransmitter. these cause something to happen.

axon endings

they pass the signal to the next neuron

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

thoughts affect behavior

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

transcendental meditation

Dendrites

treelike structures that project from the soma with receptor sites that enable them to receive neurotransmitters released by neighboring neurons

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs mistrust

FMRI

uses magnetic fields to visualize blood flow and brain activity

MRI

uses magnetic fields to visualize soft tissue

Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?

using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage

A _______ begins as a one cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

zygote

What begins as a single-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge at conception?

Psy 201 cumulative exam

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