Psy 210 Quiz 3

Prenatal development is divided into 3 trimesters of equal length in the same way as is a pregnancy when being discussed from a maternal perspective. Select one: True False

False

The US is one of the top ten nations in the world for low infant mortality rates. Our industrialized status and access to advanced health care technologies allow us to minimize neonate deaths. True False

False

Which of the following is the main reason discussed on the power-point that smoking is related to low birth weights? a. Smoking is poisonous to the mother's system and leads to her body interpreting the baby as a toxic substance that it tries to eliminate. b. While in the womb fetuses are adversely effected by breathing in the smoke that the mother inhales. c. Smoking causes fetuses bones to weaken. This skeletal weakening makes children susceptible to all kinds of other teratogens. d. Smoking diminishes the oxygen in the mother's blood, which is shared with the fetus. Having less oxygenated blood limits the fetuses ability to grow.

Not B

Teratogens tend to affect the developing infant in predictable ways. Which of the following statements correctly captures one of these ways. Select one: a. If a sufficient amount of a teratogen is consumed to put the developing organism in danger, this teratogen will be felt by the pregnant woman. Women and the babies they carry are effected similarly by teratogens. b. Teratogens negatively influence development holistically. Their damage does not focus on a single system or organ. c. The effects of a teratogen on a pregnant woman can be very different from the effects on the developing organism. An illness that is a minor inconvenience for a woman can greatly affect the developing fetus she carries. d. Most teratogens influence only superficial aspects of growth. No known teratogens influence the physical development of an infant in major structural ways.

Not a

Both small-for-date babies and preterm babies are likely to have low birth weights. What is the difference between these two categories of newborns? Select one: a. Small-for-date babies are those that weigh less than is normative for newborns of the same gestational age. Preterm babies are born prematurely. b. Preterm babies are those that are born before 22 weeks of gestation. Small-for-date babies are those that underweight at one week of age. c. Small-for-date babies are those that are carried to full-term but have a low birth weight. Preterm babies are any born before 40 weeks of gestation. d. All preterm babies are small-for-date because they have a low birth weight. Some babies who are carried to full term are also small-for-date.

Not b

What occurs in the final stage of birth? a. Delivery of the baby. b. Delivery of the placenta. c. The cervix dilates and the baby is born. d. The mother's body prepares to delivery the baby.

b. Delivery of the placenta.

Your friend Nora is 4 months pregnant. She is just barely showing. You go out to lunch with her and she orders a beer to accompany her fish tacos. What kinds of things does your friend Nora need to know about the risks she is taking by consuming alcohol? a. It's just one beer she's probably fine. More than 2 beers are required to be a danger to the developing fetus. b. Some of the worst impacts of teratogens like alcohol are felt early in the pregnancy. She should really reconsider her choice to drink. c. So long as she is eating while drinking her beer she is fine. Drinking is more harmful for the fetus when it is not accompanied by a meal. d. Nora should start looking into extra services for her child now because she is definitely going to have delays in her development because of her mom's alcohol consumption.

b. Some of the worst impacts of teratogens like alcohol are felt early in the pregnancy. She should really reconsider her choice to drink.

Which of the following factors does NOT influence how a teratogens will impact a developing organism (the correct answer is a complete list, discussed in the power-point for this week): a. the stage of development, the physical state of the mother, the concentration of the teratogen and individual differences b. the time of day that the teratogen is introduced to the system and the physical state of the mother c. the concentration of the teratogen, whether it was combined with another teratogen, and the sex of the fetus d. all teratogens effect all babies by creating major deformities that eventually kill them

c. the concentration of the teratogen, whether it was combined with another teratogen, and the sex of the fetus

Which of the three stages of prenatal development discussed in class is when most of the cells of the body move to the correct places and start forming the major systems of the body? a. Zygote: this is when the fertilized egg moves down the Fallopian tube b. Fetus: this is when all the systems of the body are becoming more complex c. Neonate: this is when children first begin to breathe on their own d. Embryo: this is when the brain cells are moving to the correct places in the brain

d. Embryo: this is when the brain cells are moving to the correct places in the brain

Historically women have given birth squatting or sitting upright. What are some of the benefits for giving birth in this position? a. This position makes it easier for doctors, midwives, or other birthing attendants to check on the baby. b. This position is dangerous as it is related to more tearing and more pain for the mother. c. In this position gravity helps to prolong the birth; keeping the baby safe in the womb for as long as possible. d. In this position there is better circulation of blood for both mother and baby.

d. In this position there is better circulation of blood for both mother and baby.