PSY 212 exam 3
After engaging in an extended session of binge eating, Thomas goes to the bathroom and makes himself vomit. He thinks that he has removed all of the food he consumed from his stomach, but in fact he will only have removed around _____ percent of the calories he consumed.
1/2
Sleepwalking is fairly common and recent research suggests that more than ___ of school-aged children sleepwalk
10%
In the massive antismoking campaign in China in 1989, the results indicated that of the 10,000 fathers in the intervention group ____ quit smoking for at least 6 months in comparison to a control group of 10,000 in which only ___ quit smoking
12% : 0.2%
the median age of onset for all eating disorders is ___ years of age
18 to 21
The percentage of women reporting significant difficulty reaching orgasm is ___
25%
according to recent surveys the following statement is true regarding sexual activity of the elderly
38.5% of males and 16.7% of women aged 75-85 remained sexually active
Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is _____.
4-7
Average weight loss on diet programs such as Atkins and Weight Watchers is ___
4-7 pounds
approximately what percentage of females report ever masturbating?
42%
Sex therapy for erectile dysfunction has produced a positive treatment outcome in approximately ________ of the cases treated.
60-70%
Approximately what percentage of males report ever masturbating?
72%
Which of the teenage girls described below is at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?
Alice
Lack of adequate sleep has a negative effect on
All of these choices (health, productivity, mental clarity)
Children who may have been diagnosed with ___ in the past are now typically diagnosed with ___
Bipolar I or II: Disruptive mood disorder
Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by women in the US such as
Both a and b
Katie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Most recently, she has been lying immobile for long periods. If someone moves one of her arms to a different position, it just stays there. Katie has stopped speaking and does not appear to hear what is being said to her. What specifier would you apply to her diagnosis of major depressive disorder?
Catatonic
Which is an accurate statement regarding injury prevention programs for children?
Children who participated in safety skills programs remembered what they had learned even after the programs were over
A severe difficulty in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts is an example of ____
Circadian rhythm disruption
Which of the following is not an example of the complex interaction of physical and psychological factors in the experience of pain?
Delusional pain
In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes and untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?
Depressive episodes generally last longer
Which of the following was not one of the procedures to types of information used as part of San Francisco's 1990 community-level program to reduce new cases of HIV infections?
Discussions of the moral and religious consequences of being HIV-positive
Of the following, the individual most likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis of male hypoactive sexual desire disorder is:
Fred, who has sex at least once a week to satisfy his wife, but would prefer to be left alone, since he is rarely interested in sex
which of the following is not true about gender nonconformity in children
Gender nonconformity always leads to gender dysphoria
Which of the following has been shown as the most effective to reduce your number of headaches?
General stress reduction techniques and desensitization to triggers
Which of the following immune cells enhance immune system responses by signaling B cells to produce antibodies and signaling other T cells to destroy antigens?
Helper T cells
Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe types of depression is called____
Major depressive disorder
Inappropriate sexual arousal (eg. fetishism) appears to be learned through
Masturbatory fantasies about the object
two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are
Melatonin and light
Cross-cultural research indicates that, due at least in part to appalling social and economic conditions, the prevalence of major depression is extremely high among ___
Native Americans
Obesity is not classified as a disorder in DSM-5 because
None of the above answers are correct
Research has shown that excessive amounts of the stress hormone, cortisol, can result in cell death in the hippocampal region of the brain in cases of ____
PTSD
In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements except ____
Photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers
Which of the following is not one of the three stages of sexual response?
Refractory period
Jody and Howard have been happily married for several years. Howard reports that in spite of being sexually aroused and having an erection, he only reaches orgasm from intercourse about half the time. Howard wonders if something is wrong with him. Howard should___
Seek treatment for inhibited orgasm disorder
One of the problems encountered by psychiatrists who prescribe medication for patients with bipolar disorder is that patients often __
Stop taking the medication in order to bring on a manic state
Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA (hormonal) axis?
The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol
which of the following is NOT true about the relationships between media and attitudes about body shape?
The media has no impact on body image
Obesity is the major factor in ____________.
Type 1
symptoms of severe depression are generally not considered a psychological disorder when they are associated with ____
a grief reaction
Sexual behavior surveys suggest that
about 23% of men have had more than 20 sexual partners (for this exam its either 21% answer or none of the above)
all of the following are psychosocial treatments that have been developed for physical disorders and pain except ___
acupuncture
The effects of alcohol on sexual behavior were well noted by William Shakespeare and can be summarized as ___
alcohol may increase desire but it decreases performance
Although the improvement is only moderate, relaxation techniques have been shown to have a positive effect on
all of the above
Sexual dysfunction can be a(n) ___ condition
all of the above
Which of the following statements is true?
all of the above
One method of preventing obesity that has been suggested is
all of these
Among men surveyed for a CDC study, _________were sexually experienced.
almost 100%
Masters and Johnson reported that the use of sensate focus therapy for the treatment of premature ejaculation was effective in __ of cases treated
almost 100%
Too many T4 (helper) cells can result in
an autoimmune disease
Regarding gender differences in the experience of pain, women suffer more frequently than men from all of the following EXCEPT
backache
When manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, the disorder most correctly diagnosed would be
bipolar disorder
with regard to the prevalence of mood disorders, which of the following has been found consistently?
bipolar disorders occur equally across the sexes
Stressful events are strongly related to the onset of __
both
A controlled research study investigating the effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome resulted in improvement in
both measures of fatigue and measures of illness belief
outcome research regarding the long-term success of treatment for eating disorders indicates that
bulimia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa patients
Treatment effectiveness studies of Masters and Johnson's sensate focus therapy have indicated that
certain aspects of the treatment such as two therapists and daily therapy are not necessary
A common medical complication found in both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is ___
cessation of period
An important aspect of the cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of bulimia nervosa involves
changing patients' dysfunctional thoughts regarding their weight and previous weight control strategies
according to principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring AIDS
changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition
The same symptoms that were diagnosed in the 19th century as a condition called neurasthenia are currently referred to as:
chronic fatigue syndrome
According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a ___ vulnerability to depression
cognitive
Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the following EXCEPT
cognitive skills
Female orgasmic disorder is characterized by
delay, absence, or decreased intensity in orgasm
with regard to treatment of mood disorders, which of the following statements is accurate?
delaying or preventing future episodes of major depression is an important treatment goal
sexual problems are difficult to diagnose when
dysfunction is present but the person is not distressed about it
the most common of all the male sexual dysfunction is __
erectile dysfunction
The specific treatment found effective in the treatment of female orgasmic disorder is ___
explicit training in masturbation procedures
Using the word psychosomatic to describe a disorder with an obvious physical component is considered misleading because
gives the impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological component
One of the most successful efforts to reduce risk factors for a medical condition involved three entire communities in California in which received different types of interventions or no intervention at all (for the community that served as the control group). The targeted condition in this effort was ___
heart disease
The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa are those who are
homosexual
Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and maintaining sleep. He guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about three hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, Fred has always experienced some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The existence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety
is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety
Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of ________ in the maintenance of sleep disorders.
learning
Individuals who are high users of pain relieving medications are ___ to benefit from pain management programs than less frequent users
less likely
The intent of taxing the purchase of unhealthy foods would be to
make unhealthy foods less attractive to consumers
In reference to the clinical research studies focusing on factors that are implicated in heart disease, which of the following is an accurate statement
males with the type A behavioral pattern were more likely to develop coronary heart disease than were non-type A individuals
A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is your diagnosis of Manny?
manic episode
A treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome developed by Michael Sharpe includes all of the following except____
medication
Therapy for sexual dysfunctions such as disorders of sexual desire can best be described as ___
not well studied and not available in all locations
In the 1990s, Neal Miller, using with animals, discovered in the first experimental evidence that the psychological functions were subject to voluntary control
operant conditioning
One American study (Mann, Tomiyama, & Ward 2015) showed that over __ people are dieting at any one time
over 100 million
Vaginismus refers to
painful pelvic spasms during penetration
A person who experiences a persistent depressed mood for at least 2 years but is not experiencing major depression may have ____
persistent depressive disorder
Morning light is thought to help with seasonal affective disorder because it
produces phase advances of the melatonin rhythm
the procedure called orgasmic reconditioning works according to the principle of
reinforcement of appropriate patterns of arousal
The basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal is to
replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced
Sleep studies suggest that around 28% of Americans
report feeling excessively sleepy during the day.
Although catatonic symptoms occur in major depressive disorders, they are more frequently associated with:
schizophrenia
Side effects of tricyclic antidepressants include
sexual dysfunction
all of the following are examples of pain behaviors except
suffering in silence
cognitive therapy is used in stress management programs to help clients learn to do all of the following except
tell off people they don't like, as a way of reducing stress
Which of the following is true regarding drugs currently available for the treatment of paraphilias?
the drugs eliminate sexual desire but are only effective while they are being taken
Light therapy for SAD has been shown to provide relief from depressive symptoms in
the first week of exposure
when individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high-risk stressful environments it is called
the gene-environment correlation model
Which of the following is true of depression in the elderly
the prevalence of depression is almost equal among elderly men and women
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sleep of depressed patients?
they show advanced slow wave sleep
Dilators of gradually increasing sizes are used in the treatment of
vaginismus
Milton has been mildly depressed for many years. Just recently, however, his depression deepened, and he was severely depressed for about three months. His deep depression then lifted and he was once again mildly depressed. Milton
will require a longer and more intense course of treatment to maintain a normal mood state
In regard to setting up behavioral change programs that address the HIV/AIDS epidemic, which of the following is an accurate statement?
women and men need different types of programs because of their risk factors are different
In the 1970s, Herbert Benson developed a brief relaxation procedure that involved focusing on a __
words
When referring to the mood disorders called cyclothymia and persistent depressive disorder, it would be accurate to say that an individual with cyclothymia probably
would be considered 'moody'
