PSY 260 Exam 2 Chapter 5

Using the partial report procedure in his "letter array" experiment, Sperling was able to infer that participants initially saw ____ of the 12 letters in the display.

12

The "magic number," according to Miller, is

7 plus or minus 2

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as

Echoic memory

Information is coded in STM exclusively through an auditory code.

False

If basketball legend Shaquille O'Neal wanted to remember his 16-digit credit card number, which of the following memory techniques would you recommend?

He should think of the numbers as a sequence of basketball statistics

Which task should be easier? Keeping an image of a block letter "F" in your mind AND

Saying "yes" for each corner that is an inside corner and "no" for each corner that is an outside corner? pointing to the letter "Y" for each inside corner and "N" for each outside corner?

The primary effect of chunking is to

Stretch capacity of STM

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddley's model of memory?

The central executive and long-term memory

Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because

The stimulus category remained the same

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if

one is handled by the sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop

Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like "John went to the store to buy some oranges" in your mind AND

pointing to the word "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the area of the brain known as the ____ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.

prefrontal cortex

Jill's friends tell her they think she has a really good memory. She finds this interesting so she decides to purposefully test her memory. Jill receives a list of to-do tasks each day at work. Usually, she checks off each item as the day progresses, but this week, she is determined to memorize the to-do lists. On Monday, Jill is proud to find that she remembers 95 percent of the tasks without referring to the list. On Tuesday, her memory drops to 80 percent, and by Thursday, she is dismayed to see her performance has declined to 20 percent. Jill does not realize that she is demonstrating a natural mechanism of memory known as

proactive interference

One function of ____ is controlling the suppression of irrelevant information.

the central executive

Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to remember Chinese symbols called radicals (which have no sound) and symbols called characters (which consist of a radical plus another symbol). The fact that the participants were able to remember some of the radicals provides evidence for the operation of _____ coding.

visual

Given what we know about the operation of phonological loop, which of the following word lists would be the most difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds? A. MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP B. BIP, TEK, LIN, MOD, REY C. SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG D. PIG, DOG, RAT, FOX, HEN

A. MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP

Have you ever tried to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song? People have often noted that this is very difficult to do. This difficulty can be understood as

Articulatory suppression

Which task below would most likely be used to test for implicit memory?

Completing a word for which the first and last letter have been supplied

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to

Proactive interference

Joey is participating in an experiment on memory. He is asked to read a sentence and then hold the last word in his memory while he reads the next sentence. The experimenter measures the maximum number of sentences Joey can read while doing this memory task. Joey is doing the ________ task.

Reading span

Observations that participants could do two tasks at once, such as focusing on a digit-span task while comprehending a paragraph, challenged the conceptualization of

Short-term memory

The code for short-term memory is most commonly based on the _____ of the stimulus.

Sound

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

Working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information. working memory has unlimited capacity

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

Working-memory is concerned with the manipulation of the information

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial-report procedure involves

a small response set

Imagine you are driving to a friend's new house. In your mind, you say the address repeatedly until you arrive. Once you arrive, you stop thinking about the address and start to think about buying a housewarming gift for your friend. To remember the address, you used a(n) _______ process in STM.

control process

Articulatory suppression does all of the following EXCEPT it

interferes with semantic coding

STM's capacity is best estimated as seven (plus or minus two)

meaningful units