PSY 410 Exam 3 Quiz Q

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about with other people is called the

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Which of the following representation types is associated with abstract concepts?

Propositional

In a lexical decision task, participants have to decide whether

a presented stimulus is a word

Peggy is participating in a paired-associate learning experiment. During the study period, she is presented with pairs of words such as boat- hat and car- house. While taking the test, she would be presented with

boat _______ - car ________.

The prototype approach to categorization states that a standard representation of a category is based on

category members that have been encountered in the past.

Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as

cryptoamnesia

In the "War of the Ghosts" experiment, participants' reproductions contained inaccuracies based on

cultural expectations

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that

damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation.

Items high on prototypicality have ___________ family resemblances.

strong

___________ are actual members of a category that a person has encountered in the past.

Exemplars

Which of the following represents a basic level item?

Guitar

What is likely to occur if a person sustains damage to the parietal lobe of the brain?

Image processing will be reduced by half.

Flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements?

It is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time.

__________ occurs when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the sentence.

Pragmatic inference

Which statement below is most closely associated with the early history of the study of imagery?

Thought is always accompanied by imagery.

___________is a "typical" member of a category.

a prototyoe

According to Collins and Quillian's semantic network model, it should take longest to verify which statement below?

a turtle is an animal

Which of the following terms does NOT reflect the concept of flashbulb memories?

accurate

For most adults over age 40, the reminiscence bump describes enhanced memory for

adolescence and young adulthood

The misinformation effect occurs when a person's memory for an event is modified by misleading information presented

after the event

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network

connection weights

The process of back propagation is most closely associated with

connectionist networks.

According to the ______ approach to memory, what people report as memories is based on what actually happened plus additional factors such as other knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

constructive

If you say that "a Labrador retriever is my idea of a typical dog," you would be using the ___________ approach to categorization.

exemplar

Mental imagery involves

experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input.

A lesson to be learned from the research on flashbulb memories is that

extreme vividness of a memory does not mean it is accurate

Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?

graduating from college at age 22

The "imagery debate" is concerned with whether imagery

is based on spatial or language mechanisms.

Each of the following is a limitation to the classic diary method except:

it lacks any experimental control

According to the typicality effect

items that are high in prototypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a group.

A spatial imagery test measures a person's capacity with imaging which of the following?

layout

Kosslyn's island experiment used the ___________ procedure.

mental scanning

Kosslyn concluded that the image field is limited in size. This conclusion was drawn from the ___________ experiment.

mental walk

The pegword technique is particularly suitable for use when you need to remember items based on their

order

Perky's imagery study (1910) had participants describe images of objects that were dimly projected onto a screen. The significance of Perky's results was that

people were influenced by the projected images when forming their mental images, even when they were unaware that the projected images were present.

Spreading activation:

primes associated concepts.

Memories of the past that have been pushed out of a person's consciousness are considered to be ________.

repressed

According to the sensory-functional hypothesis, our ability to differentiate living things and artifacts depends on a semantic memory system that distinguishes _____ and one that distinguishes _____.

sensory attributes; function

A mental rotation task is focused on the ________ aspect of imagery.

spatial

According to the cognitive hypothesis, experiences that occur during periods of rapid personal development followed by periods of stability tend to be easier to remember due to which of the following?

strong encoding

Which of the following theories on conceptual representation combines both sensory and motor experiences?

the embodied approach

The technique in which things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout is known as

the method of loci

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

the person took himself or herself

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers shows that __________ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.

transition points

Ellen is 52 years old. Which of the following experiences has most likely faded from her memory?

winning the first grade spelling bee