.PSY150 - ch4 - sleep

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."

The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?

They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep.

alpha

Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.

changes in normal bodily function

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

chronotypes

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.

dissociative

Sleep apnea is defined by ________.

episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?

feelings of intense elation and pleasure

Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.

hypnosis

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

hypnosis; meditation

The sleep debt is the result of ________.

insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

Morphine is considered a ________ drug because it decreases pain.

opioid

________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.

parasomnia

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

sleep rebound

Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.

social-cognitive

While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________.

there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.

1

The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.

People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day."

Remove the phrase "do not."

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer?

Rosalind Cartwright

Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?

She is a Jungian dream analyst.

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?

It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness?

John Hobson