PSY2012 Exam 2 Study Questions

When 3-year-old Alex was on the playground, Haley began making fun of him. Alex got angry and pushed Haley. Haley fell down and began to cry. When the teacher came over, she asked Alex how he thought Haley was feeling. Alex's response was MOST likely:

"Haley feels angry."

Rebecca is 7 years old. Her mother shows her a cracker box, in which Rebecca expects to see crackers. However, when her mother opens the box, it is full of hair ties. How is Rebecca MOST likely to respond when her mother asks her what she thought was in the box.

"I thought it was full of crackers."

Alison is pregnant and asks Jared if he wants to go out for sushi. After reading this chapter in the text, Jared replies:

"Let's go somewhere else because the mercury in fish is not good for the fetus."

While at the doctor's office, Neil notices an infant sitting without support. If Neil were to guess the baby's age, Neil would say it is about _____ months old.

5 to 7

At about _____ months, babies can pull themselves to a stand.

6 to 10

A newborn's ability to see something 20 feet away is equivalent to an adult looking at something about _____ feet away.

600

Andrew is 1 month old. Caleb is 7 months old. Angelique is 9 months old. Which statement is MOST likely true?

Caleb can stand while holding on to an object

Dawn is a newborn. Ellis is 4. Fritzi is 9. Girard is 15. Which individual's Piagetian stage is CORRECTLY identified?

Dawn - sensorimotor

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should they consider taking next semester?

Developmental Psychology

Jamal thinks he got a girl pregnant. Jamal knows they had sex 7 weeks ago. The doctor told Jamal that the organism is at the fetal stage of development. Is Jamal responsible for the pregnancy?

No, the fetal stage begins at about 9 weeks after conception

Can babies control the movement of their arms before their heads?

No, this breaks the cephalocaudal rule

Can babies control the movement of their hands before their elbows?

No, this breaks the proximodistal rule

Which statement is evidence that newborns attend to social stimuli?

They both follow faces more closely than nonfacial stimuli and mimic other faces

Can babies control the movement of their heads before their legs?

Yes, this follows the cephalocaudal rule

Can infants control the movement of their elbows before their fingers?

Yes, this follows the proximodistal rule

Dr. Joachim warned a pregnant patient that her recreational use of a particular drug might cause harm to her fetus. The drug would be classified as:

a teratogen

Jonas knows that animals with fur, pointy ears, a tail, four legs, and that say "woof" are called "dogs." He saw a new animal and thought it was a dog until it "meowed." Jonas' parents said this was a "cat." Jonas could now distinguish between dog and cat depending on the sound the animal made. This revision of Jonas' schema of a "dog" BEST illustrates:

accomodation

Miles believes that if he puts his hands in the air, his mother will pick him up. He decides to try the same behavior with his father, and his father does pick him up. Miles is:

applying his previous theory to a new situation

An infant learns that when she throws her bottle on the floor, her mother picks up the bottle and places it back in front of her. The infant then throws a toy and the mother again picks it up and places it back in front of her. This example illustrates:

assimilation

One-and-half-year-old Veronica was playing when another child kicked her in the shin. She took a few seconds and then looked back at her mother, who had a distressed look on her face. Veronica would MOST likely:

begin to cry

The _____ rule describes the tendency for babies to gain control of their body from their head to their feet.

cephalocaudal

Motor development during infancy tends to follow two main guidelines: the _____ rule, whereby motor skills develop from the head to the feet, and the _____ rule, whereby babies learn to control body parts closest to their trunk before moving to the periphery.

cephalocaudal; proximodistal

Top-to-bottom is to inside-to-outside as _____ is to _____

cephalocaudal; proximodistal

According to Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development, a child who can think logically about physical objects and events and understands conservation of physical properties is at the _____ stage of cognitive development?

concrete operational

Jason baked cookies with his mother. When the cookies came out of the oven, they were soft and squishy. After a few days, the cookies became hard and breakable, but Jason knew they were still the same cookies. Jason's ability to make this judgment is a highlight of the _____ stage of cognitive development.

concrete operational

Olivia is shown an egg. She is then shown an egg that is colored red. She is asked if the both are eggs. She hesitates, but then replies, "Yes." Olivia is in which stage of cognitive development?

concrete operational

Bill understands that although the taller thinner glass looks like it has more water, it has the same amount of water as the fatter smaller glass. This insight is called:

conservation

Dr. Murphy studies a group of schoolchildren and follows their progress through college. Dr. Murphy is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in change across the life span. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.

developmental

Research on how people change physically, mentally, and socially across the life span is MOST often conducted by _____ psychologists.

developmental

The doctor tells Shellie that a zygote has implanted into her uterus. Shellie knows that it is in the _____ stage of development.

embryonic

Tori tells Mark that she is four weeks pregnant. Tori is at the _____ stage of development, in which _____ can be distinguished.

embryonic; body parts

Martina has just begun to be able to carry on discussions about hypothetical worlds and counterfactual possibilities. Martina has just

entered the formal operational stage

Dale and his mother are at the doctor's office. Dale decides he will play with some of the toys in the waiting area. He finds a toy truck to play with. He stops and looks at his mother, MOST likely to:

evaluate her face to make sure the toy is okay to play with

A disorder that results in malformations of face, brain abnormalities, and cognitive deficits after exposure to a teratogen is called _____ syndrome.

fetal alcohol

If a researcher hides an object, a child who has not developed object permanence would:

find another object to play with

Sam tells his mother that he thinks it is unfair that people are persecuted for crimes that they did not commit, and gives several reasons why he thinks it is unfair. Sam is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

Which sequence represents the CORRECT order of the stages of prenatal development?

germinal, embryonic, fetal

The _____ stage is _____ week(s) long, beginning at conception.

germinal; 2

Joannie gives her newborn niece a toy that lights up and plays music. The baby watches the lights for a while and then looks away and no longer pays attention to the toy. This is an example of which of the following processes?

habituation

Lindsay is worried that her infant is behind in her motor skills. Lindsay asks Jackie how she might improve her baby's motor skills. Jackie tells her to:

hang a mobile above the baby's crib

Leanne decides she would like to paint the baby's room before the baby comes. After reading this chapter, Darius suggests that she should:

have someone else paint the room

Dean is waiting in a doctor's office. A child in the waiting room is sitting across from him, and there is a large solid coffee table between them. The child places her doll in front of the table on the floor and Dean cannot see it from his vantage point. Dean asks the child if she thinks he can see her doll. A child who is about 3 years old will MOST likely tell Dean that:

he can see the doll

Which developmental stage begins at birth and lasts up to 2 years?

infancy

Reflexes such as rooting and sucking seem to disappear in the first few months of life, as children:

learn to execute more sophisticated motor behavior

Joan is trying to become pregnant and is hoping that she will have a boy. Matt tells her that she has:

less than a 50% chance of having a boy

Newborns are _____ attentive to faces compared with objects.

more

Reaching, grasping, and crawling are examples of:

motor development

Evidence that fetuses can hear while in the womb does NOT include that:

newborns cry more often when hearing their mother's voice than when hearing a stranger's voice

Three-month-old Shantel has not yet acquired object permanence and, as a result, she will:

not search for a toy that has been covered with a blanket

A researcher showed children an M&M box and opened it to reveal pencils instead of candy. Then she closed the box and asked the children what they originally had thought was in it. Most 3-year-olds said ________, and most 5-year-olds said ________.

pencils; M&Ms

Formal operational thinking is characterized by the ability to:

reason about abstract concepts

Beth believes that if she shakes her toy, it will make a noise. She picks up a stuffed animal that her father gave her and shakes it. No noise comes out of the stuffed animal. She now:

revises her old beliefs to include the concept that stuffed animals do not make noise

Isabel, a newborn, turns her head toward a stimulus that strokes her cheek. Isabel is showing the ________ reflex.

rooting

Justin is egocentric. When he hears a story about a prince who is headed toward danger but does not know it yet, Justin is MOST likely to say that the prince feels:

scared

A theory or model about the way the world works that an infant builds in the sensorimotor stage is called a(n):

schema

Alex puts every object he can reach into his mouth. Alex is MOST likely in Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor

Three-year-old Meghan is at the park when a tongue-wagging Golden Retriever approaches her. Meghan quickly glances at her mom in an effort to determine if petting the dog is safe. Meghan is demonstrating:

social referencing

A 4-year-old looks at a picture of a dragon while on the telephone with her grandfather. If Piaget's claims of egocentrism are correct, the child is likely to:

tell her grandfather to look at the dragon

According to Piaget, the end of the sensorimotor period is marked by

the ability to form mental representations

Where would one place an object to get a baby to move its mouth toward it?

the cheek

The ability to reason about abstract concepts, such as freedom and love, occurs during:

the formal operational stage

An average adult human brain weighs about three pounds. Therefore, a baby's brain should weigh about:

three fourths of a pound

According to the text, which reason MOST likely explains why sucking and rooting are infant reflexes?

to allow infants to feed

Celeste is worried that her baby might be blind because the infant does not mimic faces. The BEST advice to Celeste is to:

try moving closer to the baby because the level of detail a baby can see at long distances is limited

Katarina wants to buy a friend's baby a toy that engages social attentiveness. Katarina should buy something:

with a face on it

Karen is 13 years old. She is given a 12-ounce ball of clay. She rolls out the clay into a long strip. She is then asked how much clay she now has. Karen is MOST likely to reply that she has _____ ounces.

12

A newborn human baby's brain is approximately _____% of its adult size.

25

Prenatally, the human head develops first, reflecting the "top-to-bottom" or _____ pattern.

cephalocaudal

Dr. Grove studies how obesity rates change from childhood through old age. Dr. Grove is MOST likely a _____ psychologist.

developmental

After sperm reach the fallopian tube, they release _____ that erode the egg's protective outer layer.

digestive enzymes

What do developmental psychologists seek to understand?

growth and change across the life span

Infants can mimic facial expressions:

in the very first hour of life

Which factor is NOT an example of a teratogen?

milk

Brook saw her mother place a book on the book shelf. However the book fell over. Brook MOST likely would take her book and:

place it on the bookshelf, taking care that it not fall over as did her mother's

Second grader Riley tells his friend Gus not to run in the hallway because it is against the school rules and he might be punished. Most likely, Riley is in Lawrence Kohlberg's ________ stage of moral development.

preconventional

A child in the_____ stage of cognitive development would say a man with an angry face is mean, and a man with a happy face is nice.

preoperational

Christian is hungry, so his mother fixes him a snack of carrots. Christian complains, "I don't have enough, Mommy. I'm really hungry!" His mother takes the five carrots and cuts them in half. Christian is happy and eats the ten pieces. According to Piaget, Christian is in the _________ stage of cognitive development since he does not yet display _________.

preoperational; conservation

The _____ rule describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.

proximodistal

Toni reads to her unborn child every night, thinking that it will familiarize the baby to her once the baby is born. After reading this chapter, Darren tells her:

reading to her baby will help the baby recognize her outside of the womb

Specific behavior patterns that are triggered by specific stimuli are called:

reflexes

When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the _____ reflex.

sucking