Psy321

"I think I need some therapy for depression," a friend says, "but I don't like drugs. Should I go with a cognitive-behavioral approach, or interpersonal psychotherapy [IPT]?" Based on current research, your BEST answer is:

"IPT and cognitive-behavioral have similar rates of success."

Assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistic personality disorder. What is the MOST accurate thing you can say about treatment for this disorder?

"No form of therapy is clearly better than the others."

"My seven year old needs to get help for conduct disorder. What do you recommend?" Of the following alternatives, your BEST answer is:

"Parent management training should work best."

A friend asks you, "You're taking an abnormal psychology course; what's the BEST treatment for social anxiety disorder?" Your BEST research-based answer is:

"The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms longer than the best drug therapy."

A friend asks you whether to try relaxation training or biofeedback to reduce anxiety. Based on present research, your BEST answer is:

"Try either one; they're about equally effective."

A friend says, "If we could just eliminate combat traumas, we could eliminate a great deal of posttraumatic stress disorder." Of the following choices, your MOST accurate answer would be:

"Yes—although civilian trauma causes many more cases of PTSD than combat trauma does."

Your abnormal psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), you reply:

"exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs."

A child with autism is laughing but sees another child crying. When asked what the other child is feeling, the child with autism is MOST likely to say:

"happiness," because of mindblindness.

Which of the following risk percentage patterns would BEST support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder—(1st) in the general population, (2nd) among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder, and (3rd) among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder?

1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent

Although most victims recover from eating disorders, between ______ and ______ of them become so seriously ill that they die from medical problems or from suicide.

2 percent; 6 percent

About what percentage of people who commit suicide use alcohol just prior to the act?

70%

The proportion of panic-attack sufferers who are helped at least somewhat by antidepressant drugs is about:

80%

About what percentage of those diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder fall into the category of mild intellectual developmental disorder?

80-85 percent

Based on research studies, which of the following statements about the effectiveness of psychological debriefing following a disaster would be MOST accurate?

Debriefing doesn't work too well; it might even make victims worse.

Which of the following conclusions about family patterns and eating disorders is MOST supported by systematic research?

Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely.

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

GABA

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder?

Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much.

According to current estimates, the suicide rate is highest in the United States among:

Native Americans

A child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting, and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. Could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

No; the child's symptoms occur in only one setting.

A client is searching for the BEST treatment for borderline personality disorder. Will drug treatment be effective if it is the only intervention the client receives?

No; they should be used along with psychotherapy, if used at all.

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which of the following criteria has been met?

The children have reached an age at which they are expected to control their bodily functions.

According to behaviorists, why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?

Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus reinforced.

Which of the following is TRUE about factitious disorders?

Those with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness.

If a chronically ill child was removed from home and placed in foster care, and then became quite healthy, one might suspect that the parent (usually the mother) was experiencing:

a factitious disorder (by proxy).

If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have:

an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.

The medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an:

antidepressant drug.

A combat veteran receiving the best treatment for a stress disorder would be likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT:

antipsychotic medication.

If a pregnant woman wishes to avoid having a child with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), what should she do?

avoid drinking alcohol, since no safe level of drinking while pregnant has been established.

Because of the likelihood of convulsions, withdrawal from ______ is especially dangerous.

barbiturates

A client being treated for avoidant personality disorder must increase his or her number of social contacts per day, The person, at the least, must greet others with the sentence, "Hello, how are you doing?" MOST likely, the therapist has which theoretical background?

behavioral

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, caused by a need to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:

a factitious disorder (by proxy).

Leila always feels threatened and anxious—imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

a generalized anxiety disorder.

A woman is in a facility for those with intellectual developmental disorder. She has her own apartment, dresses herself, and goes to the dining room, where she orders breakfast off a menu. She then goes to work in a sheltered workshop. At the end of the day, she goes home to her apartment and gets ready for dinner. This arrangement is part of:

a normalization program.

Barry drank quite a lot at the biggest party of the year. Later, he had trouble falling asleep, so he took a barbiturate. If he dies from respiratory failure during the night, it is probably because the alcohol and barbiturate had:

a synergistic effect.

Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a ______ explanation of conversion symptoms.

behavioral

The MOST common and successful treatments for encopresis are:

behavioral and medical treatments.

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

behavioral model

A therapist treating a client with illness anxiety disorder repeatedly shows the client how the client's body is less than perfect, while not allowing the client to seek medical attention. MOST likely, the therapist's viewpoint is:

behavioral, and the therapy is called exposure and response prevention.

What is the BEST educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?

being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education

People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing:

binge eating disorder.

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia, is experiencing:

binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa.

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the:

biological model

Which of these characteristics is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa?

body size overestimation

The inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both:

borderline personality disorder and eating disorders.

In terms of cognitive theories explaining generalized anxiety disorder, a good deal of research supports:

both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory.

The child MOST likely to show the first symptom of autistim spectrum disorder would be a:

boy under 3 years old.

The MOST recent research has provided evidence that the primary causes of autism spectrum disorder include:

brain abnormalities.

Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of:

classical conditioning.

Those most often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the:

clergy

"You should work on replacing those negative self-statements with coping self-statements," says a therapist whose view is MOST likely:

cognitive

An athlete who is actually well-prepared thinks just before a contest, "I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to fail!" The theorist who would emphasize the illogical thinking process of this athlete as a source of poor performance MOST likely would support which model of abnormality?

cognitive

Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my health is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences?

cognitive

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are studying to become an entomologist, which means, as part of your training, you have to study spiders. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in:

flooding

When talking with a potential suicidal individual on a suicide hotline, the final step for the counselor is to:

formulate a plan

In the treatment of dissociative amnesia, sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital work by:

freeing people from their inhibitions, thus allowing them to recall unpleasant events.

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder, one would MOST likely find that the patient:

had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

Individuals with Down syndrome:

have the same range of personality characteristics as do those in the general population without Down syndrome.

A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is MOST likely to:

have up to a 50 percent chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child.

During his first night in the detoxification unit, Quent developed what seemed like a case of the flu. He ached all over and had diarrhea. He was probably withdrawing from:

heroin

Quentin is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, now he lives on his own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. He would not be considered to have intellectual developmental disorder because:

his daily functioning is adequate.

A returning combat veteran with a stress disorder would MOST likely be in ______, to help change dysfunctional attitudes and styles of interpretation that resulted from the trauma.

cognitive therapy

An anorectic patient who says, "I know that a key feature of anorexia nervosa is a misperception of my own size, so I can expect to feel fat regardless of my actual size," has MOST likely received which of the following?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

An acquaintance of yours uses Ecstasy and says, "Wow! I was totally energized and tripping. It was like LSD and meth combined." Your acquaintance's experience with Ecstasy was:

common; the drug has both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is:

conduct disorder

Obesity and lack of exercise have been linked MOST closely to which of the following psychophysiological disorders?

coronary heart disease

Sobriety High and Drug Court recovery-type programs:

cost more than regular educational programs but save society money in the long run.

Several studies have demonstrated that Hispanic American combat veterans and police officers have higher rates of PTSD than other veterans or officers. Research into the causes of this difference have MOST often focused on possible:

cultural belief system and social support causes.

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called:

cyclothymic disorder.

A person who was receiving the best and most current treatment for an eating disorder would receive treatment designed to:

deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them.

Chronic and excessive use of benzodiazepines may cause the:

decreased production of GABA.

The percentage of individuals at the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder from mild to profound:

decreases steadily as the intelligence level decreases.

"Be loyal to your family" was what the child heard all the time, along with, "You shouldn't and can't do it on your own, so don't even try." A behaviorist would say this kind of upbringing would be MOST likely to produce which of the personality disorders in the child, when he or she reached adulthood?

dependent

The effects of taking hallucinogens, accompanied by feelings that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical—is MOST similar to:

depersonalization.

Which of the following aspects of religion is MOST closely linked to suicide?

devoutness

The BEST treatment recommendation you can give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

drug therapy, accompanied by psychotherapy.

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a desired toy. This child is undergoing:

dry-bed training for enuresis.

A reading proficiency and comprehension problem in childhood that is much discussed is called:

dyslexia.

According to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant personality disorder is:

early experiences of shame.

One speech problem displayed by many children with autism spectrum disorder is that they repeat everything said to them. This is called:

echolalia.

Which of the following is a MAIN characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?

emotionally needy

At a suicide prevention center, you hear the following from the counselor. "Hello. I am interested in you as a person and am going to stay on the phone with you as long as you want—all night, maybe." Which prevention goals and techniques of suicide prevention does this statement represent?

establishing a positive relationship

Someone who believes that among our ancestors, those who feared animals, darkness, and heights were more likely to survive long enough to reproduce, represents the ______ explanation of the development of phobias.

evolutionary

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is upset by what she or he had to do to survive and perhaps even feels unworthy of surviving is:

experiencing increased anger, anxiety, and guilt.

Tanya is a behavioral therapist who exposes bulimic patients to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then prevents them from binge eating. The technique that she is using is called:

exposure and response prevention.

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that ______ has/have a strong influence on body image.

exposure to white U.S. culture

When dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline personality disorder, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make:

far fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often.

Those who are MOST likely to experience a psychological stress disorder are:

female, or low-income individuals.

A pattern of abnormalities, including, head and facial deformities, heart defects, and intellectual development disorder, characterizes someone with:

fetal alcohol syndrome

A person experiencing multiple personalities would MOST accurately be diagnosed with dissociative:

identity disorder.

"Medical student's disease," which is the tendency for medical students to experience the symptoms of diseases they are studying, is MOST similar to:

illness anxiety disorder

Early home intervention programs for those in the "mild" intellectual developmental disorder category:

improve both overall functioning and later performance in school and in adulthood..

The effect of norepinephrine and corticosteroids on a body experiencing stress is:

initially to stimulate the immune system, then to inhibit it.

If you were taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improved brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, you could expect that:

it would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if you stopped the medication.

If your child is diagnosed with conduct disorder, you could be confident in all of the following treatments EXCEPT:

juvenile training centers.

Compared to white American children, African American and Hispanic American children with similar levels of activity and attention problems are:

less likely to be assessed for ADHD, and less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.

Among teenagers who attempt suicide:

less than 1 percent succeed the first time, and about half will try again.

Ellen stopped taking her regular amount of cocaine after using it for months. She will probably experience:

letdown, depressed feelings, and "crashing."

Relapse for both bulimia and anorexia is MOST likely triggered by:

life stress

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment using:

lithium

Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:

low activity levels of serotonin.

Of the following, the MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit yet does not see himself that way is:

muscle dysmorphobia.

"I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. Had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:

narcissistic personality disorder.

Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of:

natural causes

When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:

histrionic personality disorder.

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant personality disorder MAINLY because group therapy:

provides practice in social interactions.

Those diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder appear MORE responsive to which kinds of therapy?

psychodynamic and cognitive (and maybe SRIs, research needed)

The model MOST likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference" is the:

psychodynamic model

Psychodynamic therapy may be particularly effective in the treatment of dissociative disorders because:

psychodynamic therapy often tries to recover lost memories.

Relaxation training, meditation, and hypnosis all illustrate the use of:

psychological treatments for physical illnesses.

Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on:

reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder.

A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of the times she uses it and develops strategies to avoid the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving:

relapse-prevention training.

Because alcohol binds to neurons that normally receive the neurotransmitter GABA, it is not surprising that alcohol:

relaxes people

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias result from:

repression

A person diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as a:

savant skill

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. That individual is MOST likely to have a parent or sibling who has:

schizophrenia.

When Selina sees a report of a train wreck on television, she thinks that it is a sign that she should not take the train to work the next day and so decides to take the bus instead. If she has a diagnosable personality disorder, it is MOST likely:

schizotypal personality disorder.

Some so-called second-generation antidepressants appear to act by:

selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

A child who does almost everything with her mother and seems extremely anxious at school, getting frequent stomachaches and wanting to go home. If the child has an anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely:

separation anxiety disorder

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be:

social anxiety disorder.

After Marie's plane crashed, her mother came to stay with her. Her friends visited often, and went to lunch and dinner with her occasionally. This situation, which probably contributed to Marie's coping ability after the accident, relates to ______ as a factor in her response to the stress.

social support

If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for ______ causes of eating disorders.

societal

Hypertension is more common among African Americans than among white Americans. If someone believes this is because African Americans are more likely to live in dangerous areas, work at unsatisfying jobs, and suffer discrimination, this person is emphasizing the role of ______ factors in the development of the disorder.

sociocultural

A patient with a heart condition complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:

somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern).

The drug Ritalin is classified as a(n):

stimulant

A modern explanation of why many anorexic people continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that:

such thoughts and dreams are the result of food deprivation.

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, EXCEPT:

suicidal ideation.

Anorectic patients receive a gradually increasing diet over the course of several weeks, encouragement, education, and reassurance that they will not become obese. The form of therapy they are receiving is:

supportive nursing care.

You are suffering from arachnophobia. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarchy, and finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

systematic desensitization.

Assume that a recent local suicide attempt was clearly a case of modeling. The person who would MOST likely model another's suicide would be a(n):

teenager

Support for the idea that mood disorders set the stage for eating disorders comes from evidence that shows:

that close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of mood disorders.

What characteristic is MOST common to both self-hypnosis and dissociative identity disorder?

the ability to escape threatening events

During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

the culture rejected religious beliefs

The pleasant feeling called a "high" produced by using a narcotic is due to:

the drug attaching to sites normally receptive to endorphins.

The age group MOST likely to commit suicide in the United States is:

the elderly

Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. This means that:

there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation.

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well, but two pills did. This is an example of:

tolerance

Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated:

too positively in early life.

Conduct disorder has MOST often been associated with:

troubled parent-child relationships

An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:

ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes.

DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance abuse disorders. This inclusion is:

unique; gambling disorder is the only disorder in the category that doesn't involve a substance.

Dialectical behavior therapy emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT:

use of antipsychotic medications in an outpatient setting.

The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been the most successful was the use of:

various medications

The spouse of an elderly individual in the United States has recently died; the individual was experiencing clinical depression before the spouse's death. The suicide risk for this individual is:

very high—both death of a spouse and depression are related to an elevated suicide risk.

A male friend of yours has been diagnosed with agoraphobia and is receiving treatment. This is:

very uncommon; most people diagnosed with agoraphobia are females and do not receive treatment.

Religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) would be considered a compulsive behavior (meaning the individual has OCD):

when they are time-consuming, interfere with daily function, and cause distress.

One who suffers from dissociative identity disorder is MOST likely to be a:

woman who was physically abused as a child.

Biological researchers focus primarily on _____ in understanding abnormal behavior.

neurotransmitters

A person's levels of cortisol and norepinephrine are in the normal range. MOST likely, that person is experiencing:

no stress disorder.

A therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder came up with the following analysis: the parents probably did not want children in the first place; the child was not accepted; the child developed low self-esteem, dependency, and an inability to cope with separation. The therapist's theoretical orientation is probably:

object relations theory (a type of psychodynamic theory).

Which one of the following people would MOST correctly be diagnosed with intellectual developmental disorder?

one with an IQ of 69 having problems coping with life

A patient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different, appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called:

opposite action.

A child is openly hostile toward her parents, argues with them constantly, and will not do anything they say. They cannot control her. The diagnosis she is MOST likely to receive is:

oppositional defiant disorder

Surveys suggest that about what percent of female rape victims in the United States are teenagers, or younger?

over 60 %

Studies of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder show that:

over half attempt suicide at least once in their lives, and about 10 percent succeed.

Every once in a while, Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(n):

panic disorder.

A child whose therapist asks her to draw pictures about life, then introduces games and stories to help the child work through her conflicts and change her emotions and behavior is MOST likely receiving:

play therapy

Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because:

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. This is known as:

preservation of sameness.

According to the psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms function to keep unacceptable thoughts and conflicts out of consciousness. This is called:

primary gain.

A friend says to you, "I feel like I'm stressed out and sick all the time. What kind of person is LEAST likely to have an immune system as weak as mine?" Your BEST answer is:

"An optimist who is highly spiritual."

Someone you know who has body dysmorphic disorder is considering plastic surgery. Based on available research, what is your BEST advice?

"Be careful. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysphoric disorder actually feel worse afterwards."

"What should I look for in an effective ADHD treatment program?" Your BEST answer among the following alternatives is:

"Drugs combined with behavior therapy work best."

Which of the following is true about drug and cognitive treatments for panic disorder?

Both drug treatments and cognitive treatments are effective.

A combination of alcohol abuse and a vitamin B deficiency can lead to:

Korsakoff's syndrome.

Based on the MOST current research, we can conclude that:

MMR vaccinations are not related to the development of autism.

Should drugs be used in the treatment of schizotypal personality disorder?

Maybe; in low doses, they seem to help some clients.

Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which of the following is TRUE about this behavior?

Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic.

Which one of the following statements would a Freudian be MOST likely to agree with?

Parents are the key figures during childhood and are seen as the cause of improper development.

Pat and Jody each have five screwdrivers (orange juice and vodka). Pat gets very drunk. Jody does not. Which of the following is MOST likely to be TRUE?

Pat is a woman, Jody is a man.

Based on current research, what is the relationship between personality and stress disorders?

Personality characteristics are related to both the development of stress disorders and recovery from them.

A person who has difficulty with interpersonal interactions but is otherwise high functioning and would have been diagnosed with Asperger's disorder in the past, will now, in DSM-5, be diagnosed with:

Social communications disorder.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

Some people with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder also experience obsessive-compulsive disorder (an anxiety disorder).

According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to:

The belief that weight and shape determine one's value.

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events.

According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following would characterize ineffective parents whose children are prone to eating disorders?

They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children.

How would those who support the Alcoholics Anonymous approach to treating alcoholism respond to the cognitive-behavioral procedure called relapse-prevention training?

They would oppose relapse-prevention training because it does not require sobriety.

Of the following, the individual at MOST risk of developing heart disease is:

Type A, hostile.

If you wanted to tailor a suicide prevention program to the racial group MOST at risk, of the following, you should target:

White Americans

Martin Seligman has developed a theory based on the idea that depression results from:

a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life.

Among the likely causes of ADHD are all of the following EXCEPT:

abnormal serotonin activity and parietal damage.

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on, and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is:

accurate

Salina was terrified during the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (who wouldn't be!). For a couple of weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, gradually the fears diminished, and they disappeared within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as a(n):

acute stress disorder.

The MOST common diagnosis for making insurance claims is:

adjustment disorder.

Which of the following behavior patterns is NOT listed in the DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

agoraphobia

The phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

agoraphobia.

In the most common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for:

all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.

Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies and organized a large town meeting where he made a presentation to sell stock in his company. The shares were only $5 each and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made similar proposals in the last couple of years. Ben is MOST likely suffering from:

antisocial personality disorder.

The MOST likely people to develop stress disorders are:

anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them.

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired rather than letting them nap, run the risk of producing children who:

can't assess their own needs.

One very interesting study investigated the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder, and the physiological responses of the "subpersonalities" of those instructed to fake dissociative identity disorder. The study showed that the physiological responses of subpersonalities of those with dissociative identity disorder:

differed from one another, but the subpersonalities of those faking dissociative identity disorder did not.

Someone who is experiencing bulimia is MORE likely to ______ than someone experiencing anorexia.

display characteristics of a personality disorder

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in:

divorced people.

Research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain is likely to be:

dopamine.

Mild intellectual developmental disorder is MOST common in which socioeconomic class?

lower

Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression constantly. However, I never actually do anything about it." Your aunt is:

making a ruminative response.

One of the side effects of ECT is:

memory loss.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is MOST common among:

men with jobs

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that:

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorders is to:

merge the subpersonalities into a single identity.

Which of the following medical problems associated with anorexia is MOST likely to lead to death?

metabolic and electrolyte changes

"Your worries? They're only thoughts. Don't try to stop them, but recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much." This quote most likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

misinterpret bodily sensations.

It is common that the majority of people who commit suicidal acts also have another psychological disorder. Which would be the MOST common disorder associated with suicidal attempts?

mood disorders

More women than men experience all of the following disorders EXCEPT:

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A heroin overdose is likely to occur when:

one has been without heroin for a period of time and takes one's usual dose.

The GREATEST danger of LSD use is:

the possibility of very powerful, sometimes negative, reactions.

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is:

the severity of the manic episodes.

Why might the suicide rate among elderly Native Americans be low?

the value the culture places on the elderly

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that:

there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder.