PSYC 107 Final

Anabelle, a psychodynamic psychotherapist, intends to implement the free association method on Rosaline. According to this method, Rosaline is expected to

just talk about whatever comes to mind.

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change both her maladaptive ways of thinking about her body and her harmful eating behaviors. What kind of psychotherapy does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Kylie is a cognitive psychologist. In this case, Kylie is most likely to treat Jamal, who is experiencing major depressive disorder, by

getting him to recognize and identify irrational and self-defeating beliefs.

According to Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, _____ is the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change.

self-efficacy

Martha believes that if she doesn't keep checking the stove in the kitchen, a gas leakage may occur and may cause an explosion. Consequently, Martha keeps checking whether the stove has been turned off over and over again, sometimes over fifty times a day. This practice interferes with her sleep and disturbs her thoughts. Martha is experiencing _______________.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Frank has been visiting Dr. Miller, a therapist, for the past two months to overcome his fear of spiders. During the sessions, Dr. Miller first asked Frank to describe what it is about spiders that frightens him. His fears were then arranged in order from the least to the most frightening. Miller taught Frank the muscle relaxation exercise and exposed him to a series of increasingly fearful stimuli. In the context of behavioral therapies, it can be inferred that Dr. Miller has been conducting _____ on Frank to overcome his fear of spiders.

systematic desensitization

Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?

Derek resents his psychotherapist because she resembles his previous girlfriend.

Which classification system of psychological disorders is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments.

Dispositionism

_____ refers to a disorder in which an individual has two or more distinct personalities or selves, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships.

Dissociative identity disorder

Who among the following is most likely to be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder?

Felicia, who has been experiencing a less extreme depressive mood for over two months

_____ refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.

Groupthink

Harry has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following statements is applicable to him?

He lacks empathy for others, breaks the law, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain.

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Which of the following experiments demonstrated the profound effect of obedience?

Milgram's experiment

Which of the following projective tests is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

In the context of personality assessment, _____ directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits.

a self-report inventory

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she reads the recipes very carefully. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

George's cubicle at work is spotless. Every item on his desk is arranged according to how frequently he needs it. He gets agitated if something is moved or rearranged. A proponent of Freud's psychoanalytic theory might argue that George is fixated at the __________ of psychosexual development.

anal stage

If a therapist gives Henry, who wants to stop drinking alcohol, a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that he feels like throwing up after drinking the alcohol, it can be concluded that the therapist is implementing the technique of

aversive conditioning

In the context of drug therapies, _____ are the antianxiety drugs that generally offer the greatest relief for anxiety symptoms.

benzodiazepines

According to Dr. Sullivan, the lack of emotions experienced by psychopaths can be attributed to amygdala dysfunction. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, Dr. Sullivan's view supports the

biological approach.

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

Zephyr is Nadia's favorite clothing brand. Recently, Zephyr was involved in a scandal for using child labor. Despite knowing about the scandal, Nadia continues to shop at Zephyr. This makes her feel uneasy as she is against child labor. In this scenario, Nadia's feeling of uneasiness is best explained by the concept of

cognitive dissonance.

According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the unconscious mind that is shared by all humans is called the

collective unconscious.

Christina's parents are very strict about her academic performance. When she performs well, they shower her with love; when she does poorly, they are unfriendly and distant. Christina soon learns that the only way she can receive their love is by performing well academically. In the context of Rogers's humanistic psychology approach, Christina's parents are demonstrating _____ for Christina.

conditions of worth

Lily and her classmates are asked to write an essay on what they want to be when they are older. Although Lily wants to be a florist, she does not write about it. Instead, she writes about wanting to be a doctor because most of her friends want to be doctors. In the context of social influence, Lily is best exhibiting

conformity.

June is usually very quiet, but she recently discovered a different side of herself. She was at the Mardi Gras and found herself swept up in the festivities, doing things that the other partygoers were doing. These were not behaviors that she would have ever considered engaging in on her own. Social psychologists would most likely attribute June's behavior to

deindividuation.

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial.

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless, Karen, however, cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?

generalized anxiety disorder

Santiago has been seeing his therapist, Mariam, for over six months. He often feels distressed and anxious. Mariam focuses on Santiago's current state and emphasizes personal growth. Mariam also suggests ways to bridge the gap between what Santiago actually is and what Santiago wants to become. In this scenario, it can be inferred that Mariam is adopting the _____ approach to psychotherapy.

humanistic

Jonathan, a 15-year-old, loves ice cream and finishes an entire tub of ice cream for dinner. In the context of Freud's structures of personality, which of the following most likely dictates his behavior?

id

Kiara finds an abandoned wallet with $300 in it and no identification. In the context of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Kiara's decision to keep the money or turn it in will cause the greatest conflict between her

id and superego.

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

just-world

Rachel's new roommate, Berta, has not done laundry for an entire week. Her clothes are lying all over their room. This leads Rachel to assume that Berta is an untidy and undisciplined person. What Rachel does not know is that Berta is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. In the context of social cognition, Rachel is primarily _____ while explaining Berta's behavior.

making a fundamental attribution error

Antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following symptoms except ________.

manic episodes

In a recent softball game, Cindy misplayed a ground ball, which was scored as an error, causing her team to lose the game. According to the self-serving bias, Cindy is likely to reason that she misplayed because

of a bad bounce.

John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear. During these episodes, he feels like he is going to faint and has trouble catching his breath. John is most likely to experience these attacks when he is in shopping malls or grocery stores and worries that he might die of heart failure. In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of

panic disorder.

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

Seven months ago, Sandra was involved in a serious car accident. Even though she recovered fully from her injuries, she is still troubled by nightmares and flashbacks of the accident. Now, Sandra refuses to drive and insists only on using public transport. She is in a constant state of anxiety and has trouble sleeping. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Sandra is showing symptoms suggestive of

post-traumatic stress disorder

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________.

prejudice

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

reflective speech

Madison and her friends have never been on a rollercoaster because each of them are too afraid ride one. On a school trip to Six Flags, however, they decide as a group that if they get on the rollercoaster together, they will not be afraid. In the context of group decision making, their behavior best demonstrates

risky shift.

Derek is suffering from a severe mental illness that is characterized by distorted thought and perception. He hears voices in his head and is convinced that aliens are trying to communicate with him. Derek's belief is so strong that he sits on the roof for hours having conversations with no one in particular. Derek is also in the habit of writing words that make no sense and refrains from interacting with other people. In the context of dissociative disorders, it can be inferred that Derek is most likely suffering from _____ in this scenario.

schizophrenia

The group of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work primarily by interfering with the reabsorption of _____ in the brain.

serotonin