PSYC 2301 CH 13

Nina is an African-American therapist. Most of her clients are also African-American because they request a therapist who shares a similar cultural makeup. Nina is quite successful not only because she is a brilliant psychologist, but also because she knows well the African-American culture and chooses therapeutic interventions for her clients accordingly. Nina clearly provides _____

culturally sensitive therapy.

When a therapist has knowledge of a client's cultural and ethnic background and then chooses therapeutic techniques based on what will likely work best for that client's background, the therapist is providing _____

culturally sensitive therapy.

Which of the following statements is FALSE of gestalt therapy? a) The goal is to become more self-accepting and authentic. b) It encourages people to take responsibility for their behaviors. c) It utilizes the empty chair technique. d) It is nondirective therapy.

d) It is nondirective therapy.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding person-centered therapy? a) Unconditional positive regard is created by the therapist. b) Person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers. c) Person-centered therapy is a nondirective type of therapy. d) The therapist plays the role of the "expert."

d) The therapist plays the role of the "expert."

Who developed rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)?

Albert Ellis

_____ have been developed to target both the positive symptoms AND the negative symptoms of schizophrenia by targeting both dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain.

Atypical neuroleptics

Nadia is a psychotherapist dealing mainly with clients battling depression and anxiety. Prior to ending the session with her last client, she assigned him homework. She told him to record and keep track of any automatic thoughts he notices in addition to his emotional response to them. When he came into the next session, they went over his homework and she analyzed his responses for cognitive errors. What type of therapy is Nadia most likely providing?

Beck's cognitive therapy (CT)

_____ developed person-centered therapy, which is based on the _____ school of thought.

Carl Rogers; humanistic

Which of the following accurately reflects what research suggests about the effectiveness of any therapeutic technique?

Effectiveness is largely a result of the therapy's appropriateness to the client's problems and life circumstances.

_____ occurs when an individual is asked to imagine or even be in the presence of the feared object; he/she remains there until the fear has subsided.

Flooding

_____ applied classical conditioning techniques to therapy and is credited for devising systematic desensitization.

Joseph Wolpe

_____ is a drug used to treat bipolar disorder and at the proper maintenance dosages reduces both manic and depressive episodes.

Lithium

_____ is/are a naturally occurring salt used to bring an individual out of a manic state.

Lithium

Shayla focuses on one small detail of a situation instead of the overall situation. According to Aaron Beck, which cognitive error is Shayla experiencing?

Mental filter

_____ produce their effect by preventing an enzyme from breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine in the synapses.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Tanisha, a therapist, works with individuals who display poor social skills. In treatment, she uses reinforcements and other operant conditioning principles to bring about more adaptive responses in her clients. Tanisha is a _____ therapist using _____ in her therapy sessions to help treat the individuals.

NOT psychoanalytic; resistance lol

_____ are to antipsychotic medications as _____ are to antianxiety medications.

Neuroleptics; benzodiazepines

_____ works to change maladaptive behaviors by looking for, challenging, and then changing the irrational beliefs that underlie those maladaptive behaviors.

Rational emotive behavior therapy

_____, developed by Albert Ellis, is a directive form of psychotherapy designed to challenge clients' irrational beliefs about themselves and others.

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Clozapine, risperidone, and olanzipine are collectively referred to as _____

atypical neuroleptics.

According to Beck, _____ is/are unreasonable but unquestioned ideas that rule a person's life.

automatic thoughts

Pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesirable behavior in an effort to reduce or eliminate that undesirable behavior is the basic idea behind _____

aversion therapy.

Using medications or surgeries to treat psychological disorders, based on the assumption that psychological disorders are symptoms of underlying physical problems, is the focus of _____

biomedical therapies.

Family therapy would probably NOT be the most ideal treatment for which of the following situations?

a woman who has just lost her husband in a tragic car accident

Aversion therapy is built upon the concept of _____

classical conditioning

In which of the following scenarios would aversion therapy be an appropriate treatment?

wanting Jerome to stop engaging in violent thoughts

Sharif has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. His therapist purposely asks him to think about the unwanted, intrusive, unpleasant thought. These thoughts typically trigger Sharif to feel the need to engage in a particular behavior. However, his therapist does not allow him to engage in that behavior for periods of time. The goal is to decrease and eventually eliminate the need for the compulsion. This technique is called _____

exposure and response prevention.

The psychoanalytic technique of _____ is used to explore the unconscious by having patients reveal whatever thoughts, feelings, or images come to mind.

free association

Which of the following behavioral techniques is based on Albert Bandura's observational learning theory?

participant modeling

Henry is a therapist and always begins sessions with new patients by asking them all about their childhood. Because he believes strongly that childhood experiences, especially traumatic ones, can affect the unconscious, he prefers to start there. Which type of therapy does Henry likely provide?

psychodynamic therapy

Uncovering repressed childhood issues, if any exist, and using them to explain an individual's current difficulty is the goal of _____

psychodynamic therapy.

Freud's view that important information is contained in what is NOT being said, is referred to as _____

resistance.

Zin's therapist notices that Zin changes the topic whenever her mother is brought up. Additionally, when her mother is brought up, Zin is always late to her next therapy session. Zin is demonstrating the phenomenon Freud labeled _____

resistance.

The antidepressants that serve to block the reuptake of serotonin are referred to as _____

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Alcoholics Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, and Gamblers Anonymous are all examples of _____

self-help groups.

LenDale has been diagnosed with a specific phobia. His therapist asks him to imagine a time when he was very relaxed. Once he achieves that relaxed state, the therapist asks him to imagine the feared object and then eventually works with him to be relaxed in the presence of the real object. This procedure is completed in gradual steps. Which technique did his therapist use?

systematic desensitization

A severe side effect of the typical antipsychotic medications that affects many individuals is _____

tardive dyskinesia.

Bella was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 26. She was put on medication to help control the hallucinations and delusions she was experiencing. Now at age 38, she continues to take that medication because it works for her. However, she has started to develop embarrassing facial twitches that she cannot control. Bella likely has _____, which is a result from the _____ she has been taking over the years.

tardive dyskinesia; neuroleptics

Humanistic psychologists believe that psychological disorders result when _____

the natural tendency toward realizing one's inner potential is blocked by oneself or others.

_____ utilizes the principles of operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and/or observational learning to eliminate inappropriate and maladaptive behaviors.

Behavior therapy

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the type of professional delivering therapy, according to the Consumer Reports survey of clients?

Clients were equally satisfied by all three types of professionals.

_____ is an approach taken in therapy that takes into account the effects of gender on both the therapist's and the client's behavior.

Gender-sensitive therapy

_____ focus solely on the individual in the therapeutic process, whereas _____ focus on both the individual and the individual's interpersonal relationships in the therapeutic process.

Insight therapies; relationship therapies

_____ models an appropriate response to a feared stimulus in graduated steps, after which the client attempts to imitate the model step-by-step, encouraged and supported by the therapist.

Participant modeling

Which of the following is a basic assumption of humanistic therapies?

People have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.

What is the difference between systematic desensitization and flooding?

Systematic desensitization is gradual, whereas flooding is administered all at once.

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage as discussed in your text regarding e-therapy?

There are no studies that have tracked and studied the effectiveness of this type of therapy thus far.

_____ are antidepressants that produce their effect by blocking reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.

Tricyclics

Meghan has been taking medication for panic disorder. After a while, she decides she wants to try not taking the medication anymore. Her psychiatrist takes her off the medication. However, within a week or two, Meghan's panic attacks are worse than before and she is experiencing intense withdrawal symptoms. Which of the following drugs was Meghan was likely taking?

Xanax

Which of the following are techniques used by a person-centered therapist?

active listening

Monica typically only sees two options when she assesses situations. For example, when she was applying to colleges, her heart was set on attending Harvard and she actually had the grades to get in. Knowing that Harvard was notoriously difficult to gain acceptance into, Monica's mother suggested she apply to a few other excellent colleges as well. Monica, known for her high levels of anxiety, retorted with, "If I don't get into Harvard, I might as well not go to college at all!" Based on Beck's descriptions of cognitive errors, which one best describes Monica's thinking?

all-or-nothing thinking

An approach to therapy that uses learning principles to eliminate inappropriate or maladaptive behaviors and replace them with more adaptive responses defines _____

behavior modification.

Xanax, Librium, and Valium are examples of _____

benzodiazepines.

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique based on classical conditioning? a) flooding b) exposure and response prevention c) token economy d) systematic desensitization

c) token economy

Juan is a therapist who is meeting with an individual with depression for the first time. Juan inquires not only about his symptoms, but also about what thoughts or beliefs go through his head when experiencing those symptoms. Juan strongly believes that in order to reduce the depressed symptoms, he first needs to address any irrational thoughts and beliefs that come before them. What type of therapist is Juan?

cognitive behavior therapist

Based on the research, which of the following will interpersonal therapy be effective in resolving?

depression

Atypical neuroleptic medications work by affecting _____ in the brain.

dopamine and serotonin

An ongoing interaction with a trained therapist via the Internet is referred to as _____

e-therapy

Brett notices in therapy that he seems to be the one controlling the direction the session is taking. He also notices that his therapist has done a nice job of creating an atmosphere of acceptance in therapy. Because his therapist does not make it seem like she is a know-it-all and an expert, he feels like they are on a person-to-person basis. Brett finds this all helpful because it make him trust his therapist even more. Brett's therapist is practicing _____ therapy and is utilizing _____ and _____ as therapeutic techniques.

humanistic; unconditional positive regard; congruence

Blocking the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters will lead to a(n) _____ in _____

increase; the binding of that particular neurotransmitter.

Harold is a 52-year-old manager at a major automotive company. He was just informed that the company is downsizing, and he has two weeks to find a new job. Harold had been with the company for the past 24 years and was surprised, angry, and bitter about the news. Eventually, Harold's job loss started to interfere with his functioning. Based on research from your text, which of the following types of therapy would likely benefit Harold the most?

interpersonal therapy

A brief psychotherapy designed to help people with depression better understand and cope with problems relating to their interpersonal relationships defines _____

interpersonal therapy (IPT).

Nardil, Parnate, and Marplan are examples of _____

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).

Which of the following is true regarding the comparison of psychologists with psychiatrists? a) Only psychiatrists can be called doctors. b) Psychiatrists attend medical school, whereas psychologists do not. c) Psychologists are licensed to provide psychotherapy, but psychiatrists are not. d) Only psychiatrists can prescribe medication for psychological disorders.

not d :(( lol

Which type of therapist bases his/her therapy on the notion that the emotional features of early relationships become the blueprint for future relationships?

object relations therapist

Aaron Beck states that _____ occurs when clients believe that they are at fault for others' behavior.

personalization

The length of time clients were in therapy was generally _____ correlated to their improvement.

positively

Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy tends to be most effective for _____

those who have a single psychological diagnosis, have functioning relationships, and who believe the therapy will be effective.

Insight therapies work by increasing an individual's understanding of his/her own _____

thoughts, behaviors, coping mechanisms, emotions, and motives.