Psyc 273 Exam 3
Epigenetic regulation involves
changes in gene expression rather then a change in the encoding region in a gene
The posterior pituitary
contains the axon terminals of vasopressin neurosecretory cells
According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by
cultural conditioning
Papez's circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in
emotional expression
Hormone-producing glands are called ________ glands
endocrine
The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called
entrainment
Amino acids that are not manufactured by our bodies are classified as
essential
Given the hypertonic solution of the sea, marine mammals are able to survive in seawater by
excreting excess salt via salt glands
Feelings of disgust at the sight of body fluids may have evolved to help humans avoid
exposure to germs
The enzyme 5-alpha-reductase is essential for the development of the
external genitalia in males
The hypothalamic-pituitary portal system is essential for the production of
follicle-stimulating hormone
The molecular structure of steroid hormones involves
four interconnected rings of carbon atoms
People suffering from bulimia nervosa
get caught in binge-purge eating cycles
Children with psychosocial dwarfism often show an almost complete lack of
growth hormone
modern field of stress research was launched by
hans selye
Research using fMRI shows that drinking glucose after fasting induces activity in the
hypothalamus
Cells located in the ______ synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin and transport these hormones to the ______
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
The theory of stress _______ holds that early, mild stressful experiences early in life may reduce susceptibility to stress in adulthood
immunization
Stressful exam periods produce a(n)
increase in norepinephrine secretion
Ovarian cycle is a _______ rhythm
infradian
With increased levels of adrenal steroids, the response of the immune system to pathogens such as viruses is
inhibited
The external genitalia of an XY individual can have a feminine form at birth as a result of
insensitivity to androgens
Which of the following about leptin is false?
it is believed to exert short-term control over appetite
Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by
large-amplitude delta waves
the stress immunization seen in rat pups appears to be attributable to
maternal comfort stress
In the brain of the male rat, the region especially important for the reproductive behavior is the
medial preoptic area
Studies involving transections at different levels of an animal's nervous system have suggested that REM sleep
occurs in whichever part of the transected brain contains the pons
The response to a decrease of cellular water content is called ______ thirst
osmotic
People with a BMI of 25-30 are in the body weight category of
overweight
Male mice with knockouts of the _________ gene display "social amnesia" failing to recognize previously encountered females
oxytocin
The James-Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the
perception of bodily changes provoked by particular stimuli
Lesions to which of the following brain regions would impair physiological temperature regulation in endotherms
preoptic area
REM behavior disorder may be reduced by drugs that
reduce anxiety
Research suggests animals that show hyperaggressive behavior may have
reduced levels of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid
Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because
restoring the desired temperature turns off the response
The molecular structure of peptide hormones involves
short chains of amino acids
In humans, somnambulism usually occurs during ______ sleep
stage 3
Sleep enuresis is associated with ______ sleep
stage 3
The ________ facial muscles are responsible for the wrinkling of the forehead and the raising of the eyebrow
superficial
Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of REM sleep may be related to
the consolidation of perceptual learning
The sudden attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by
the immediate onset of REM
Which of the following is consistent with the fraternal birth order effect
the more older biological brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to develop a homosexual orientation
Research has shown that in the forebrain system, SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the _______ while in the brainstem system, the _______ projects axons to the brain promoting wakefulness
tuberomammillary nucleus, reticular formation
Receptors that detect drops in extracellular volume are located in the
vascular system
External cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a
zeitgeber
Which of the following events will trigger osmotic thirst?
A salty meal
Which of the following demonstrates ectothermic behavior?
A turtle basking on a sunny log
Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?
ACTH
A drop in extracellular volume is detected by specialized
Baroreceptors
Which statement about the molecular clock is false?
Clock and cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again.
Glands that secrete their products outside the body are referred to as _________ glands
Exocrine
Paul Ekman and colleagues have produced the existence of facial expression for eight emotions that are recognized across all societies. Which of the following is not one of the eight
Expectation
Which of the following pairs of hormones have effects on NPY neurons
Ghrelin and PYY
Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposing effects on NPY neuron
Ghrelin and PYY 3-36
Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of Glycogen ----> glucose
Glucagon
Which of the following would be considered the "high road" response to a bear appearing at your picnic
Grabbing pots and pans to make lots of noise
Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen
Insulin
Hormone that monitors the body's long-term energy reserves in the form of fat
Leptin
In the testes, the _______ cells produce testosterone under the influence of _______
Leydig; LH
Affection and disgust are described by Plutchik's classification of emotion as
Medium-intensity forms of the basic emotions of adoration and loathing, respectively
Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight
Melatonin
A hormone that is normally found only in males is
NONE
Leptin inhibits the secretion of _________ neurons which works in opposition to POMC neurons
NPY
Which of the following circumventricular organs contains osmosensory neurons
Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
True about anorexia nervosa
People with anorexia think about food a great deal
The _______ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep
Pontine
Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _________ sleep
REM
If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely have been in ______ sleep before awakening
REM
Nightmares are associated with ______ sleep
REM
Which of the following are the organs derived from the wolffian duct system?
Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, epididymis
which of the following represents the correct order of the stages of reproductive behavior?
Sexual attraction, proceptive behavior, copulation, postcopulatory behavior
Which of the following behaviors would not be expected in a patient with bilateral damage to the amygdala?
Showing a startle response to a sudden loud noise
"Fake it until you make it" is most consistent with
The facial-feedback hypothesis
Which of the following correctly describes osmotic pressure
The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane
Which of the following is known as antidiuretic hormone?
Vasopressin
The incidence of insomnia is greatest in ______ in general, and in both men and women in _______
Women; the later stages of life
Studies have found that people presented with photographs of a model rate the face as more emotionally expressive if the photographs are
a composite of two left halves
One of the primary causes of eating disorders is believed to be
a cultural that emphasizes thinness as being attractive
Which of the following conditions causes a genetic female to develop anatomical appearance resembling a male?
a high level of androgen during fetal development
When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are
a little more than 24 hours long
Who is most likely to develop a cold when exposed to a virus?
a student staying up late to cram for an exam
Small lesions near the pontine REM sleep center ______ the loss of motor inhibition during REM sleep
abolish
The essential feature of tropic hormones is that they
affect the secretion of other endocrine glands
People diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except
an abundance of REM sleep
According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response
are simultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli
According to Charles Darwin, facial expressions
are used as first means of communication
In order to condition a rat to associate a particular tone in context A with shock, one would play a ton
at the same time as administering a shock in context A
If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in lab and receive no information about changes in day length/temp, their circannual rhythms will
become free-running
In the absence of Sry protein, the indifferent gonad
becomes an ovary
Peptide hormones typically affect cellular processes by
binding to membrane-bound receptors on the cell surface
which of the following is incorrectly paired?
bulimia nervosa; malnutrition