Psyc 273 Exam 3

Epigenetic regulation involves

changes in gene expression rather then a change in the encoding region in a gene

The posterior pituitary

contains the axon terminals of vasopressin neurosecretory cells

According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by

cultural conditioning

Papez's circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in

emotional expression

Hormone-producing glands are called ________ glands

endocrine

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called

entrainment

Amino acids that are not manufactured by our bodies are classified as

essential

Given the hypertonic solution of the sea, marine mammals are able to survive in seawater by

excreting excess salt via salt glands

Feelings of disgust at the sight of body fluids may have evolved to help humans avoid

exposure to germs

The enzyme 5-alpha-reductase is essential for the development of the

external genitalia in males

The hypothalamic-pituitary portal system is essential for the production of

follicle-stimulating hormone

The molecular structure of steroid hormones involves

four interconnected rings of carbon atoms

People suffering from bulimia nervosa

get caught in binge-purge eating cycles

Children with psychosocial dwarfism often show an almost complete lack of

growth hormone

modern field of stress research was launched by

hans selye

Research using fMRI shows that drinking glucose after fasting induces activity in the

hypothalamus

Cells located in the ______ synthesize oxytocin and vasopressin and transport these hormones to the ______

hypothalamus; posterior pituitary

The theory of stress _______ holds that early, mild stressful experiences early in life may reduce susceptibility to stress in adulthood

immunization

Stressful exam periods produce a(n)

increase in norepinephrine secretion

Ovarian cycle is a _______ rhythm

infradian

With increased levels of adrenal steroids, the response of the immune system to pathogens such as viruses is

inhibited

The external genitalia of an XY individual can have a feminine form at birth as a result of

insensitivity to androgens

Which of the following about leptin is false?

it is believed to exert short-term control over appetite

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

large-amplitude delta waves

the stress immunization seen in rat pups appears to be attributable to

maternal comfort stress

In the brain of the male rat, the region especially important for the reproductive behavior is the

medial preoptic area

Studies involving transections at different levels of an animal's nervous system have suggested that REM sleep

occurs in whichever part of the transected brain contains the pons

The response to a decrease of cellular water content is called ______ thirst

osmotic

People with a BMI of 25-30 are in the body weight category of

overweight

Male mice with knockouts of the _________ gene display "social amnesia" failing to recognize previously encountered females

oxytocin

The James-Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the

perception of bodily changes provoked by particular stimuli

Lesions to which of the following brain regions would impair physiological temperature regulation in endotherms

preoptic area

REM behavior disorder may be reduced by drugs that

reduce anxiety

Research suggests animals that show hyperaggressive behavior may have

reduced levels of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid

Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because

restoring the desired temperature turns off the response

The molecular structure of peptide hormones involves

short chains of amino acids

In humans, somnambulism usually occurs during ______ sleep

stage 3

Sleep enuresis is associated with ______ sleep

stage 3

The ________ facial muscles are responsible for the wrinkling of the forehead and the raising of the eyebrow

superficial

Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of REM sleep may be related to

the consolidation of perceptual learning

The sudden attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by

the immediate onset of REM

Which of the following is consistent with the fraternal birth order effect

the more older biological brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to develop a homosexual orientation

Research has shown that in the forebrain system, SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the _______ while in the brainstem system, the _______ projects axons to the brain promoting wakefulness

tuberomammillary nucleus, reticular formation

Receptors that detect drops in extracellular volume are located in the

vascular system

External cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

zeitgeber

Which of the following events will trigger osmotic thirst?

A salty meal

Which of the following demonstrates ectothermic behavior?

A turtle basking on a sunny log

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

ACTH

A drop in extracellular volume is detected by specialized

Baroreceptors

Which statement about the molecular clock is false?

Clock and cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again.

Glands that secrete their products outside the body are referred to as _________ glands

Exocrine

Paul Ekman and colleagues have produced the existence of facial expression for eight emotions that are recognized across all societies. Which of the following is not one of the eight

Expectation

Which of the following pairs of hormones have effects on NPY neurons

Ghrelin and PYY

Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposing effects on NPY neuron

Ghrelin and PYY 3-36

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of Glycogen ----> glucose

Glucagon

Which of the following would be considered the "high road" response to a bear appearing at your picnic

Grabbing pots and pans to make lots of noise

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Insulin

Hormone that monitors the body's long-term energy reserves in the form of fat

Leptin

In the testes, the _______ cells produce testosterone under the influence of _______

Leydig; LH

Affection and disgust are described by Plutchik's classification of emotion as

Medium-intensity forms of the basic emotions of adoration and loathing, respectively

Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight

Melatonin

A hormone that is normally found only in males is

NONE

Leptin inhibits the secretion of _________ neurons which works in opposition to POMC neurons

NPY

Which of the following circumventricular organs contains osmosensory neurons

Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

True about anorexia nervosa

People with anorexia think about food a great deal

The _______ system is responsible for promoting REM sleep

Pontine

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _________ sleep

REM

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely have been in ______ sleep before awakening

REM

Nightmares are associated with ______ sleep

REM

Which of the following are the organs derived from the wolffian duct system?

Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, epididymis

which of the following represents the correct order of the stages of reproductive behavior?

Sexual attraction, proceptive behavior, copulation, postcopulatory behavior

Which of the following behaviors would not be expected in a patient with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Showing a startle response to a sudden loud noise

"Fake it until you make it" is most consistent with

The facial-feedback hypothesis

Which of the following correctly describes osmotic pressure

The tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane

Which of the following is known as antidiuretic hormone?

Vasopressin

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in ______ in general, and in both men and women in _______

Women; the later stages of life

Studies have found that people presented with photographs of a model rate the face as more emotionally expressive if the photographs are

a composite of two left halves

One of the primary causes of eating disorders is believed to be

a cultural that emphasizes thinness as being attractive

Which of the following conditions causes a genetic female to develop anatomical appearance resembling a male?

a high level of androgen during fetal development

When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are

a little more than 24 hours long

Who is most likely to develop a cold when exposed to a virus?

a student staying up late to cram for an exam

Small lesions near the pontine REM sleep center ______ the loss of motor inhibition during REM sleep

abolish

The essential feature of tropic hormones is that they

affect the secretion of other endocrine glands

People diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except

an abundance of REM sleep

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response

are simultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli

According to Charles Darwin, facial expressions

are used as first means of communication

In order to condition a rat to associate a particular tone in context A with shock, one would play a ton

at the same time as administering a shock in context A

If animals that are normally seasonal are kept in lab and receive no information about changes in day length/temp, their circannual rhythms will

become free-running

In the absence of Sry protein, the indifferent gonad

becomes an ovary

Peptide hormones typically affect cellular processes by

binding to membrane-bound receptors on the cell surface

which of the following is incorrectly paired?

bulimia nervosa; malnutrition