PSYC 3030 quiz questions

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to which area of the brain?

Broca's area

How does the phenomenon of apparent movement work?

the perceptual system creates the perception of movement from stationary images

Which of the following is true about Bayesian inference?

the probability of an outcome is determined by the prior probability and the likelihood of the outcome

Which term best reflects what we do with an image projected onto our retina?

we interpret it

When does bottom-up processing start?

when environmental energy stimulates the receptors

What is the process of unconscious inference?

when our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

when someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with the receptors

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?

-brain areas are specialized for specific functions -neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli -specific areas of the brain serve different functions

What year marks the establishment of the first laboratory of scientific psychology

1879

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Tolman

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior

A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli is known as

Analytic introspection

The "Little Albert" experiment involving the rat and the loud noise is an example of which of the following types of experiments?

Classical conditioning

Which of the following terms is correct in context with "Pairing one stimulus with another"?

Classical conditioning

Consider the following definition of the mind: The mind is a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals. Which element of the mind does this definition emphasize?

Functioning and survival

Taking clay and sand to create bricks, which are then used to build modular wall panels, which are then assembled to construct tall buildings, is similar to which of the following neural concepts?

Hierarchical processing

Which memory is used for physical actions?

Procedural memory

Which part of a neuron transmits signals to other neurons?

axons

The key structural components of neurons are the

cell body, dendrites, axons

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with abdominal cancer. Her oncologist wants to determine the best treatment method to eliminate the tumors. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and restoring normal digestive functioning. Barbara's psychologist works to help minimize her anxiety and keep her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of __________ presented in your textbook.

levels of analysis

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus

Semantic regularity refers to the _____

meaning between properties of an object

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of perceptual

organization

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

picket fence

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the __________ in the receptor's axon.

rate of nerve firing

Entering a church service and seeing someone selling hot dogs and cotton candy from a cart near the altar would be perceived as a violation of

scene schema

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles rather than nine separate segments?

simplicity

What is the gap between the end of a neuron's axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron known as?

synapse

When the axon is at rest, the inside of the neuron has a charge that is 70 millivolts more negative than the outside. This difference will continue as long as

the neuron is at rest