PSYC 3200 Exam 3 (Ch. 7, 8, and 11 ) Questions

A baby who was separated from its mother at birth, and who subsequently became withdrawn, sad, and tearful, could be experiencing: A) postpartum depression. B) posttraumatic depression syndrome. C) anaclitic depression. D) dysthymic depression.

anaclitic depression.

Compared to the general public, people with eating disorders are MORE likely to: A) be depressed. B) suffer from mania. C) experience panic attacks. D) have higher serotonin levels.

be depressed.

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.

behavioral therapy.

In which of the following disorders would you expect nearly equal numbers of men and women? A) restricted-type anorexia nervosa B) binge eating disorder C) purging-type anorexia nervosa D) bulimia nervosa

binge eating disorder

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is: A) excessive dieting and weight loss. B) fanatic exercising preceded by binge eating. C) purging either by vomiting or use of laxatives. D) binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior.

Somene who experiences a half-dozen alternations between mild mania and major depression within a one-year time span would be classified as: A) bipolar II seasonal. B) bipolar II rapid cycling. C) bipolar I mixed episodes. D) bipolar I.

bipolar II rapid cycling.

Which of these characteristics is MOST consistent with anorexia nervosa? A) a refusal to think about food at all B) a view that one's body is too thin C) body size overestimation D) distorted perception of others' sizes

body size overestimation

"I do not know why you think you are a terrible surgeon. You have not lost a patient during an operation in two years. No one else in the city has that kind of record." Which of the following orientations is MOST likely to describe the therapist who made this statement? A) cognitive B) behavioral C) humanistic D) interpersonal

cognitive

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation? A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) psychoanalytic

cognitive

Which theoretical orientation would the following research finding support? "Depressed people show an internal/global/stable pattern of attribution on a questionnaire." A) behavioral B) sociocultural C) cognitive D) psychoanalytic

cognitive

Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in: A) compensatory behaviors. B) purging. C) enmeshment. D) exposure and response prevention.

compensatory behaviors.

If the focus of your therapist is primarily on how communication and problem-solving difficulties with your partner are contributing to your depression, your therapist is using: A) cognitive therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) interpersonal therapy. D) couple therapy.

couple therapy.

A milder pattern of mood swings that does not reach the severity of bipolar disorder but does include brief depressive and manic episodes is called ______ disorder. A) dysthymic B) anhedomic C) cyclothymic D) anxiety

cyclothymic

Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that: A) depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards. B) depressed people aren't responsive to normal social rewards. C) depressed family members give inaccurate self-reports. D) depressed mood cannot be alleviated by positive experiences.

depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.

The PRIMARY motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences is: A) fear. B) anger. C) shame. D) hate.

fear.

One of the side effects of ECT is: A) mania. B) psychosis. C) memory loss. D) intensification of the depression.

memory loss.

If a friend of yours had bulimia nervosa and engaged in frequent binges, about how many of his or her binges per week would you expect to witness yourself? A) 10 B) none C) 7 D) 40

none

Behaviorists would be MOST likely to say that depressed people must improve their social skills because: A) the performance of socially unacceptable behavior is irrational. B) it is important to reinforce the client's depressive behavior. C) depressed people may be experiencing interpersonal role transition. D) positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

positive reinforcement is given to people who exhibit positive social behavior.

All of the following are types of major depressive disorders EXCEPT: A) recurrent. B) seasonal. C) melancholic. D) posttraumatic.

posttraumatic.

The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about how your parents cared for and protected you" is a: A) psychodynamic clinician. B) behavioral clinician. C) cognitive clinician. D) sociocultural clinician.

psychodynamic clinician.

A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until he or she was eating almost nothing could be experiencing: A) binge-purge type of anorexia nervosa. B) sweet-phobia type of anorexia nervosa. C) restricted-type anorexia nervosa. D) exercise-induced anorexia nervosa.

restricted-type anorexia nervosa.

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: A) result from starvation. B) be the cause of the disorder. C) be more pronounced in younger children with anorexia. D) result from overeating.

result from starvation.

Interpersonal psychotherapists believe that therapy must address: A) maladaptive attitudes. B) ego-superego conflicts. C) role transitions in relationships. D) developing social skills to elicit reinforcement from others.

role transitions in relationships.

If I'm in a depressed mood and all I do is think about my mood, without trying to change it, I'm making what kind of response? A) helplessness B) hopelessness C) ruminative D) perseverative

ruminative

Which of the following psychological problems is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa? A) depression B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) schizophrenia D) substance abuse

schizophrenia

The key to long-term treatment of depression is: A) family support. B) some sort of brain stimulation. C) cognitive therapy. D) some sort of maintenance therapy.

some sort of maintenance therapy.

Which of the following would be a behavioral symptom of depression? A) lack of desire to eat B) a negative view of oneself C) experiences of sadness and anger D) staying in bed for hours during the day

staying in bed for hours during the day

The effects of lithium were discovered during the investigation of: A) a drug to treat tuberculosis. B) a drug to treat schizophrenia. C) the effects of camphor on psychosis. D) the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.

the effect of toxic levels of uric acid.

You would expect to see the biggest impact of lithium on which part of the neuron? A) the gap between neurons B) the firing of the sending neuron C) the firing of the receiving neuron D) the reception of the neurotransmitter by the receiving neuron

the firing of the receiving neuron

"Biggest Loser" contestants, if they are like the majority of obese people, are MOST likely: A) to be frequent binge eaters. B) to not display binge eating disorder. C) to binge on different kinds of food than those who experience bulimia nervosa. D) to engage in excessive compensatory activities.

to not display binge eating disorder.

To receive a diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least: A) two weeks. B) two months. C) one year. D) two years.

two years.

At least ______ of manic patients treated with lithium improve. A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 60 percent D) 75 percent

60 percent

Among the biological treatments for depression, the one that uses an implanted pulse generator is: A) ECT. B) deep brain stimulation. C) vagus nerve stimulation. D) TMS.

vagus nerve stimulation.

If current trends concerning the body images of African American women and white American women continue, we would expect in the future that: A) white American women would become more like African American women. B) the body images of white American women would become more realistic. C) African American culture would become more influential among white Americans. D) African American women would show increasing body image dissatisfaction.

African American women would show increasing body image dissatisfaction.

Which of the following risk percentage patterns would BEST support the influence of genetic factors in explaining bipolar disorder—(1) in the general population, (2) among close relatives of people with bipolar disorder, and (3) among identical twins of people with bipolar disorder? A) 10 percent, 10 percent, 10 percent B) 40 percent, 10 percent, 1 percent C) 40 percent, 40 percent, 40 percent D) 1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent

1 percent, 10 percent, 40 percent

What is the current incidence of severe unipolar depression in the United States? A) 1-5 percent B) 5-10 percent C) 8-15 percent D) 20-23 percent

5-10 percent

Which of the following is NOT true about obesity? A) It is a mental disorder. B) It is more common in children of the obese. C) It is more common in lower socioeconomic groups. D) It is on the rise in the United States.

It is a mental disorder.

In general, which of the following statements about feelings that trigger eating is TRUE? A) One is much more likely to eat nutritional foods than junk food when in love. B) Anxiety is the feeling that is least likely to trigger the eating of junk or nutritional foods. C) Positive emotions are less likely than negative emotions to trigger the eating of junk food. D) Self-confident people basically don't eat junk food.

Positive emotions are less likely than negative emotions to trigger the eating of junk food.

Which of the following behaviors BEST describes the effects of compensatory behaviors bulimics use in controlling weight? A) Vomiting prevents the absorption of 90 percent of calories consumed. B) Repeated vomiting affects one's ability to feel satiated. C) Using laxatives almost completely undoes the caloric effects of bingeing. D) Using diuretics almost completely undoes the caloric effects of bingeing.

Repeated vomiting affects one's ability to feel satiated.

How likely are Medicaid recipients to be prescribed antidepressant medication? A) White Americans more often than African Americans; African Americans more often than Hispanic Americans B) White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans C) about 40 percent likely; ethnic group makes no difference D) about 20 percent likely; ethnic group makes no difference

White Americans more often than Hispanic Americans; Hispanic Americans more often than African Americans

Which of the following is MOST at risk for an eating disorder? A) a college woman who is a nonathlete B) a woman lower on the socioeconomic scale C) an African American woman D) a gymnast

a gymnast

An individual receiving a treatment for depression is happier because of higher levels of norepinephrine in his or her brain. What treatment is this person MOST likely receiving? A) an MAO inhibitor B) ECT C) an SSRI D) a tricyclic

an MAO inhibitor

The medication MOST helpful in the treatment of bulimia is an: A) antianxiety drug. B) antidepressant drug. C) antipsychotic drug. D) antiemetic drug (to eliminate vomiting.)

antidepressant drug.

The use of a food diary to keep track of eating behavior in the treatment of bulimic patients is MOST likely to be used by a therapist from the: A) cognitive perspective. B) humanist perspective. C) behavioral perspective. D) psychodynamic perspective.

behavioral perspective.

A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT: A) emotional symptoms. B) motivational symptoms. C) behavioral symptoms. D) cognitive symptoms.

behavioral symptoms.

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST supports which theoretical perspective? A) cognitive B) biological C) behavioral D) humanistic

biological

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by forced vomiting is called: A) obesity. B) obsession. C) anorexia nervosa. D) bulimia nervosa.

bulimia nervosa.

Clients who test their assumptions about what is causing their depression are working in which phase of Beck's treatment program? A) changing primary attitudes B) challenging automatic thoughts C) identifying negative thinking and biases D) increasing activities and elevating mood

changing primary attitudes

Artifact theory differs importantly from other sociocultural theories of depression because it suggests: A) women and men are equally likely to develop depression. B) hormone changes mask the development of depression in women. C) concern about body weight can be both a cause and a result of depression. D) depression is caused by examining one's feelings too closely.

concern about body weight can be both a cause and a result of depression.

Milder forms of bipolar disorders are known as ______ disorder. A) hypomanic-depressive B) dysthymic C) cyclothymic D) manic-depressive

cyclothymic

If a person says, "I must be perfect in every way. I'll be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in: A) distorted thinking. B) food preoccupation. C) obsessive-compulsions. D) amenorrhea.

distorted thinking.

In the United States, the highest depression rate is found in: A) divorced people. B) married people. C) widowed people. D) never-married people.

divorced people.

The experience of feeling like weeping constantly would be considered a(n) ______of depression. A) cognitive B) emotional C) behavioral D) motivational

emotional

One of the therapy methods commonly used to treat bulimia nervosa is: A) flooding. B) exposure and response therapy. C) aversive therapy. D) systematic desensitization.

exposure and response therapy.

Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is: A) symbolic (imagined) loss. B) learned helplessness. C) artifact theory. D) body dissatisfaction.

learned helplessness.

Relapses of bulimia are MOST likely to occur following: A) exposure to other bulimics. B) life stresses. C) periods of stomach sickness. D) Christmas and other holidays.

life stresses.

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes: A) mania. B) dysthymia. C) depression. D) cyclothymia.

mania

All the pleasure has gone out of life for Trevor. Things he used to find fun and exciting no longer give him any joy. He finds he wakes up early in the morning and has no appetite. This has been going on for several weeks. What type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) recurrent D) melancholic

melancholic

What kind of unipolar depression is behavioral treatment MOST effective in treating? A) severe depression B) depression of sudden onset C) depression of gradual onset D) mild depression

mild depression

Anorexic individuals often show which of the following personality characteristics? A) obsessions B) low anxiety C) multiple phobias D) episodes of mania

obsessions

Second-generation antidepressants: A) mimic MAO inhibitors and tricyclics. B) target specific neurotransmission reuptake. C) increase the sex drive of depressed people. D) are yet to be widely prescribed.

target specific neurotransmission reuptake.

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from prebinge, through binge, to postbinge is BEST described in sequence as: A) control, enjoyment, shame. B) relaxation, pleasure, enjoyment. C) tension, powerlessness, shame. D) shame, doubt, guilt.

tension, powerlessness, shame.

Which of the following is the MOST accurate biological explanation for people who gain weight after losing it? A) abnormally high levels of serotonin persist despite dieting B) hypothalamus stops producing the appetite suppressant GLP-1. C) the brain is trying to restore the person to a set weight point. D) excessive stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus

the brain is trying to restore the person to a set weight point.

Recent research indicates that all of the following brain structures or regions are part of the brain circuit involved in unipolar depression, EXCEPT: A) Brodmann Area 25. B) the corpus callosum. C) the hippocampus. D) the amygdala.

the corpus callosum.

Research on the aftermath of anorexia nervosa shows that: A) although psychological difficulties improve, weight gain is minimal. B) although weight gain is good, most cannot hold a job. C) although weight gain is good, anorectic women fail to regain menstruation. D) the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining.

the death rate from anorexia appears to be declining.

One difference between the eating disorders and other disorders is: A) the recovered person often misses his or her symptoms. B) medication is ineffective as a treatment. C) the incidence of the disorder is rising. D) remission is rare

the recovered person often misses his or her symptoms.

In the United States, the prevalence of unipolar depression in boys is: A) the same as it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women. B) lower than it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is the same as it is for women. C) the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women. D) lower than it is for girls, and the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women.

the same as it is for girls, but the prevalence for men is lower than it is for women.

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is: A) 7 to 10. B) 10 to 13. C) 14 to 18. D) 20 to 25.

14 to 18.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the relationship between gender and eating disorders? A) Most cases of eating disorders occur in males. B) Most cases of eating disorders begin in girls after the age of 18 years old. C) Most cases of eating disorders occur in females. D) Most cases of eating disorders occur in females in Asian countries.

Most cases of eating disorders occur in females.

The person associated with the learned helplessness theory of depression is: A) Beck. B) Freud. C) Seligman. D) Lewinsohn.

Seligman.

According to weight set point theory, the consequences of dieting below one's weight set point are: A) There is increased hypothalamic activity, producing a revulsion to food. B) Body changes produce further weight loss. C) There is an increase of hunger. D) There is a continuing loss of weight no matter how many calories are consumed.

There is an increase of hunger.

Characteristics of anorexia nervosa include all the following EXCEPT: A) body weight of 85 percent or less than normal. B) fear of becoming overweight. C) a view that one is currently unattractively thin. D) loss of menstrual periods.

a view that one is currently unattractively thin.

Of the following, the MOST appropriate diagnosis for a man who is strong and fit but does not see himself that way is: A) muscle dysmorphobia. B) anorexia nervosa. C) bulimia nervosa. D) reverse Barbie syndrome.

muscle dysmorphobia.

Lithium appears to affect: A) neurons's second messengers. B) absorption of salt. C) brain seizure activity. D) reuptake of serotonin.

neurons's second messengers.

Based on current research, all of the following individuals have a higher risk of dying early EXCEPT: A) moderately overweight people. B) underweight people who smoke. C) obese people. D) normal-weight people.

normal-weight people.

A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of bread that he or she has carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: A) schizophrenia. B) depression. C) obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) substance abuse.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind, then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) behavioral therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.

psychodynamic therapy.

The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about the quality of mutual support you receive from your marriage" is a: A) psychodynamic clinician. B) behavioral clinician. C) cognitive clinician. D) sociocultural clinician.

sociocultural clinician.

The treatment that has been the MOST popular for restoring weight among anorexic persons is: A) drug therapy. B) intravenous feedings. C) supportive psychotherapy. D) supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet.

supportive nursing care and a high-calorie diet.

An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: A) the particular medication used to treat the problem. B) the cause of the problem. C) the severity and duration of the problem. D) the demographic characteristics of the person.

the severity and duration of the problem

The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is: A) the number of depressive and manic episodes. B) the severity of the manic episodes. C) the number of depressive episodes. D) the seasonal variation in the episodes.

the severity of the manic episodes.

In the 1940s, a group of volunteers was put on a semistarvation diet for 6 months. During the latter part of the study: A) several of the volunteers became bulimic. B) the volunteers thought about food all the time. C) the volunteers never thought about food because it made them hungry. D) the volunteers tended to avoid meals because they did not get enough food.

the volunteers thought about food all the time.

Which of the following best represents how tricyclics work? A) tricyclic ingested, reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, larger amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, less neuronal firing. B) tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neuronal firing. C) tricyclic ingested, less neuronal firing, more norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake slows release of norepinephrine and serotonin. D) tricyclic ingested, norepinephrine and serotonin blocked, neurons cease firing briefly, neurons begin firing without norepinephrine and serotonin.

tricyclic ingested, smaller amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, normal amounts of norepinephrine and serotonin released, reuptake triggers more neuronal firing.

To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least: A) two weeks. B) two months. C) one year. D) two years.

two weeks

What do psychodynamic therapists believe is the cause of unipolar depression? A) repression of feelings of inadequacy B) a biological imbalance in neurotransmitters C) unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss D) projection of internal anxiety onto a loved object

unconscious grieving over real or imagined loss

If you are mildly to moderately obese, you can legitimately conclude that: A) you should be left alone, or encouraged to set only realistic weight-loss goals. B) you have a mental disorder. C) you have too much GLP-1. D) you are at serious risk for medical complications.

you should be left alone, or encouraged to set only realistic weight-loss goals.

What is the average length of time for the treatment of major depressive disorder with ECT? A) 2-4 weeks B) 15 weeks C) 20 weeks D) indefinite

2-4 weeks

Which of the following would be MOST likely to lead to a diagnosis of muscle dysmorphobia? A) A man diets excessively, trying to have a body more like a woman's. B) A man exercises excessively in order to lose weight and muscle mass. C) A man who is excessively obese engages in binge eating. D) A man who is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular and so continues to strive for a perfect body.

A man who is muscular but does not see himself as being muscular and so continues to strive for a perfect body.

Which of the following is NOT true about anorexia nervosa? A) It usually follows a diet in someone who is of normal weight or slightly overweight. B) It can follow a stressful event such as divorce, a move from home, or a personal failure. C) Fatalities are brought on by suicide or serious medical problems due to starvation. D) About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men.

About 25 percent of people who experience anorexia nervosa are men.

All of Beck's cognitively based explanations for depression have received research support, EXCEPT for: A) the cognitive triad. B) automatic thoughts. C) maladaptive attitudes. D) All of these explanations have received research support.

All of these explanations have received research support.

Which of the following is TRUE about recovery from anorexia? A) The death rate from anorexia is increasing recently. B) Anorectic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients. C) Most recovered patients experience marital dissatisfaction and are ineffective as employees. D) Few recovered patients continue to express concern about weight and appearance.

Anorectic behavior recurs in about one-third of recovered patients.

Which of the following is the MOST important reason for the decline in the use of electroconvulsive therapy since the 1950s? A) It was shown not to be effective in cases of severe depression with delusions. B) It is too expensive and not covered by medical insurance. C) Antidepressant drugs were developed. D) Most memory loss appeared to be permanent.

Antidepressant drugs were developed.

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach? A) Lewinsohn and psychodynamic therapy B) Beck and cognitive therapy C) Seligman and behavioral therapy D) Weissman and learned helplessness

Beck and cognitive therapy

The individual associated with developing a cognitive theory of depression based on negative and maladaptive thinking was: A) Beck. B) Freud. C) Seligman. D) Lewinsohn.

Beck.

______ is a treatment in which tiny holes are drilled into the skull through which electrodes are implanted into the brain. A) Vagus nerve stimulation B) Transcranial magnetic stimulation C) Deep brain stimulation D) ECT

Deep brain stimulation

Vagus nerve stimulation is MOST similar to: A) ECT. B) taking an SSRI. C) MAO inhibitors. D) tricyclics.

ECT.

The popular star whose death raised awareness of eating disorders was: A) Elvis Presley. B) Jimi Hendrix. C) Karen Carpenter. D) Kurt Cobain.

Karen Carpenter.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Most obese people are also bulimic. B) Most people with bulimia nervosa are also obese. C) People with restricting-type anorexia nervosa are generally also obese. D) People with bulimia nervosa run the risk of becoming both anorexic and obese.

People with bulimia nervosa run the risk of becoming both anorexic and obese.

Which of the following is TRUE about research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy for treating unipolar depression? A) Research studies show its effectiveness. B) It is no more effective than placebo therapy. C) 80 to 90 precent of depressed people show almost total elimination of symptoms. D) Although people become less depressed, their thought patterns don't change.

Research studies show its effectiveness.

If an anorexic woman has lanugo, what has happened? A) She has lost body hair. B) She has developed double vision. C) Her menstrual cycle has become irregular. D) She has grown fine silky hair on her body.

She has grown fine silky hair on her body.

To qualify for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa, what must be TRUE of the compensatory behaviors displayed? A) They must occur. B) They must involve vomiting. C) They must effectively cause weight loss. D) They must cause pathological changes in the body.

They must occur.

Which of the following problems is common in anorexia nervosa? A) amenorrhea B) increased heart rate C) high blood pressure D) elevated body temperature

amenorrhea

A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from _______ symptoms. A) emotional B) cognitive C) motivational D) behavioral

cognitive

A person experiencing unipolar depression writes the following in an activity schedule, "Go to store; doctor's appointment; visit museum; read novel; clean room." What treatment approach is this person MOST likely receiving? A) psychodynamic therapy B) cognitive therapy C) interpersonal therapy D) adjunctive therapy

cognitive therapy

In which of the treatments for depression is a stimulating current sent through a patient's prefrontal cortex? A) TMS B) DBS C) both TMS and DBS D) neither TMS nor DBS

TMS

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding current theories on gender differences in relation to depression? A) They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they can't explain. B) Life stress and body dissatisfaction explanations have substantially better support than the other explanations. C) Artifact theory probably will emerge as a dominant explanation. D) Rumination theory has almost no support and is on the way out.

They all have some supporting evidence, but they all also have some research findings they can't explain.

How do monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors work? A) They increase the levels of reserpine in the blood. B) They decrease supplies of serotonin in neurons. C) They decrease supplies of dopamine in neurons. D) They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

They increase supplies of norepinephrine in neurons.

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs? A) They stimulate serotonin production. B) They block synapses that release norepinephrine. C) They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine. D) They raise the levels of monoamine oxidase in the brain.

They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine.

Of the following, the one MOST likely to be diagnosed with depression is a: A) man from Nigeria who is a new immigrant to the United States. B) U.S. woman who has lived all her life on a Native American reservation. C) U.S. boy in his early teens. D) U.S. woman of Hispanic American heritage.

U.S. woman who has lived all her life on a Native American reservation.

A good way to describe a typical manic episode would be to say that it's like: A) a roller coaster—up and down, up and down. B) a meteorite—a sudden burst of energy that's quickly gone. C) a power plant's output—steady, regular energy being produced. D) a flash flood—spreading out wherever there's room for it to go.

a flash flood—spreading out wherever there's room for it to go

If a friend were experiencing anorexia nervosa, you wouldn't be surprised to find that the friend was also experiencing all of the following EXCEPT: A) substance abuse. B) a personality disorder. C) low self-esteem. D) anxiety.

a personality disorder.

If you were looking at a photograph of yourself and adjusting the size until you thought the picture looked like you, you would MOST likely be participating in an assessment of your: A) accuracy in estimating body size. B) self-esteem. C) readiness for therapy. D) susceptibility to societal stereotypes

accuracy in estimating body size.

A clinician says at a workshop, "I prefer the most recently developed antidepressant medications, because they're harder to overdose on, and they don't require dietary restrictions." This statement is: A) accurate. B) partially accurate; they are harder to overdose on, but do require dietary restrictions. C) partially accurate; they are easier to overdose on, but do not require dietary restrictions. D) inaccurate.

accurate.

Second messengers are: A) active inside the neuron. B) the same as neurotransmitters. C) important in increasing the effectiveness of tricyclics. D) used by therapists when treating couples

active inside the neuron.

Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder? A) psychologists and psychiatrists B) doctors and nurses C) actors and certain athletes D) dress designers and make-up artists

actors and certain athletes

Which of the following is the BEST example of the therapy technique known as behavioral activation? A) systematically ignoring the patient's depressive behavior B) asking patients to say whatever comes into their minds C) adding positive activities to the patient's life D) asking family members to help reinforce the patient's positive behavior

adding positive activities to the patient's life

All treatments for anorexia nervosa share the long-term common goal of: A) producing weight gain in the patient. B) addressing the underlying causes of the disorders. C) moving the patient out of the situation that caused the problem. D) forcing the patient to accept responsibility for his or her actions.

addressing the underlying causes of the disorders.

Pierre feels terrible. He is sad, tired, and depressed, but he refuses to show it. This is consistent with the: A) hormone theory. B) artifact theory. C) quality-of-life theory. D) social pressure.

artifact theory.

Based on past results, one would predict that women who win the Miss America Pageant in the future will: A) be larger than those who lose. B) be about a pound heavier than the previous year's winner. C) be smaller than those who lose. D) have larger chests, but smaller hips than current winners.

be smaller than those who lose.

People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: A) binge-purge disorder. B) anorexia-bulimia disorder. C) binge-eating disorder. D) noncompensatory binge disorder.

binge-eating disorder.

Parents who feed their children when they are anxious and comfort them when they are tired rather than giving them a nap, run the risk of producing children who: A) can't assess their own needs. B) are insensitive to others. C) are overly dependent on internal cues. D) are too independent.

can't assess their own needs.

The best evidence for the effectiveness of the psychodynamic approach comes from: A) work with seriously depressed people. B) case study reports. C) large-scale research projects conducted by the APA. D) situations when the childhood loss is less obvious.

case study reports.

The clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "Do you believe you will always feel like this in all situations?" is a: A) psychodynamic clinician. B) behavioral clinician. C) cognitive clinician. D) sociocultural clinician.

cognitive clinician.

According to research studies, the success rate for interpersonal therapy is about the same as that for: A) cognitive therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) placebo therapy. D) no therapy.

cognitive therapy.

For people with bulimia nervosa, binge episodes produce feelings of: A) control. B) satisfaction. C) anxiety and mania. D) guilt and depression.

guilt and depression.

Typical consumers of nutraceuticals: A) understand the interaction between them and prescribed medications. B) learn about them from scientifically valid sources. C) discuss taking them with their physician before doing so. D) have easy access to a variety of products.

have easy access to a variety of products.

The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that its cause is: A) cognitive. B) biological. C) behavioral. D) multidimensional.

multidimensional.

A study of college men showed that they describe the ideal male as ______ and the ideal female as ______. A) slim and trim; slim and trim B) muscular; muscular C) muscular; thin D) athletic; strong

muscular; thin

Having frequent headaches, disturbances in sleep, and loss of appetite are ______ symptoms of depression. A) physical B) emotional C) behavioral D) motivational

physical

The MOST accurate diagnosis for a woman who regularly eats a whole pizza, a carton of ice cream, and a box of donuts at one sitting, then forces herself to throw it all up is: A) compulsive-type bulimia nervosa. B) purging-type bulimia nervosa. C) depressive-type bulimia nervosa. D) anorexia-type bulimia.

purging-type bulimia nervosa.

What is the MOST common outcome for individuals with anorexia nervosa? A) recovery B) starving to death C) suffering irreversible physical harm D) suffering lifelong physiological trauma

recovery

Which of the following would be a physical symptom of depression? A) sleeping poorly B) lack of desire to go to work C) decreased level of physical activity D) experiences of sadness and dejection

sleeping poorly

Which one of the following is a medical condition MORE common in bulimia than anorexia? A) amenorrhea B) dental problems C) high potassium levels in the blood D) growth of immature body hair

dental problems

A factor increasing the likelihood of a relapse of bulimia is: A) length of time in treatment. B) age at onset of the disorder. C) age at which treatment is implemented. D) development of a pattern of frequent vomiting.

development of a pattern of frequent vomiting.

Compared to earlier antidepressant drugs, "second-generation" antidepressant drugs: A) work faster and more effectively. B) work faster, but not more effectively. C) do not work faster, but do work more effectively. D) do not work either faster or more effectively.

do not work either faster or more effectively.

Abnormal "ion activity" has been found in many people suffering from bipolar disorder. This ion activity is responsible for transmitting messages: A) down the length of a neuron. B) from one neuron to another neuron. C) from a neuron to a muscle or gland. D) down the length of a muscle.

down the length of a neuron.

Bipolar disorders have recently been linked to: A) GABA depletion. B) excessive serotonin. C) improper sodium transport. D) excessive neuronal lithium.

improper sodium transport.

Which of the following is an example of effective adjunctive therapy for bipolar disorder? A) electroconvulsive therapy B) individual or group therapy C) hospitalization of the patient D) Prozac in combination with lithium

individual or group therapy

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficits.

interpersonal deficits.

Compared to a person who is happy and self-confident, a person who is bored and depressed: A) is more likely to eat nutritional food. B) is equally likely to eat nutritional as junk food. C) cannot discriminate junk from nutritional food. D) is more likely to eat junk food.

is more likely to eat junk food.

The nutraceutical SAM-e: A) is used in treating depression. B) has more severe side effects than traditional antidepressants. C) is much less expensive than pharmaceuticals. D) was tested first in the United States, then in Italy and other countries.

is used in treating depression.

Which of the following would be MOSTLY a motivational symptom of depression? A) lack of desire to eat B) a negative view of oneself C) experiences of sadness and anger D) staying in bed for hours during the day

lack of desire to eat

An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems. Consequently, the person loses contact with old friends and becomes unpleasant to be around. A behaviorist would explain the resulting depression in terms of: A) learned helplessness. B) object relations loss. C) sociocultural changes. D) loss of positive social rewards.

loss of positive social rewards.

A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is: A) more likely to be experiencing anorexia than bulimia. B) more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia. C) equally likely to be experiencing bulimia or anorexia. D) showing no symptoms that have been found to be related to eating disorders.

more likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia.

"Second-generation" antidepressant medications include: A) Selegiline and Nardil. B) Imipramine and Elavil. C) Anafranil and Eldepryl. D) Cymbalta and Prozac.

Anafranil and Eldepryl.

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using: A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. B) tricyclics. C) MAO inhibitors. D) second-generation antidepressants.

MAO inhibitors.

"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean? A) Depression causes people to be more likely to have eating disorders. B) Eating disorders cause people to be more likely to be depressed. C) Poor parenting causes both eating disorders and depression. D) People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed.

People with eating disorders also tend to be depressed.

Martin Seligman has developed a theory based on the idea that depression results from: A) the loss of a loved one, real or symbolic. B) negative thinking and maladaptive thoughts. C) a decrease in the number of positive reinforcements. D) a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life.

a belief that one has no control over the events in one's life.

A person who eats large amounts of food in a short period, and does this repeatedly, with no other symptoms, would be said to have: A) a binge-eating disorder. B) anorexia nervosa. C) bulimia nervosa. D) no eating disorder.

a binge-eating disorder.

The MOST common cognitive disturbance in anorexia nervosa is: A) a distorted body image. B) a revulsion toward food. C) a major clinical depression. D) in their views of others.

a distorted body image.

Today, electroconvulsive therapy: A) is more likely to involve the use of insulin than shock. B) also involves the use of muscle relaxants. C) is given without anesthetic to reduce memory loss. D) is more likely to involve bilateral shock.

also involves the use of muscle relaxants.

Following a very-low-calorie weight-loss program, participants would be at MOST risk for: A) bingeing. B) anorexia. C) substance abuse. D) family problems.

bingeing.

If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(an): A) monodimensional perspective. B) multidimensional perspective. C) cognitive-behavioral perspective. D) outdated perspective.

cognitive-behavioral perspective.

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression? A) lack of desire to eat B) a negative view of oneself C) experiences of sadness and anger D) staying in bed for hours during the day

experiences of sadness and anger

The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom A) cognitive B) emotional C) behavioral D) motivational

motivational

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) has changed over the years. Patients given this treatment now may receive: A) higher levels of current. B) muscle relaxants. C) oxygen to prevent memory loss. D) insulin.

muscle relaxants.

Research now suggests that once someone has been successfully treated for depression he or she: A) can safely stop treatment. B) needs to begin drug treatment if it has not already been tried. C) needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy. D) needs to follow up with the same type of therapy.

needs some type of continuation or maintenance therapy.

If you wanted to be on the cutting edge of research regarding the causes of bipolar disorders as we understand them today, you would MOST likely do research on which of the following? A) learned helplessness B) the "cognitive triad" C) parent-child patterns of interaction D) neurotransmitters in the brain

neurotransmitters in the brain

Where would one be MOST likely to see the sentence, "Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels"? A) on a bulimia blog B) in a treatment program for those with anorexia C) on a pro-annorexia Web site D) in an obesity prevention program

on a pro-annorexia Web site

Recent research indicates that behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice only: A) for serious but not mild forms of depression. B) over drug and cognitive therapies. C) when interpersonal therapy is the only other alternative. D) over placebo treatment.

over placebo treatment.

Almost two-thirds of women athletes engage in self-destructive ways of controlling their weight. Which of the following is MOST common? A) using laxatives B) inducing vomiting C) using diuretics D) taking diet pills

taking diet pills

The MOST realistic statement a person with anorexia would make following cognitive treatment is: A) "I expect to feel fat because of my illness." B) "I no longer feel fat." C) "Although I'm fat, I like my body now." D) "I don't just feel fat, I am fat."

"I expect to feel fat because of my illness."

If you were treated with ECT, you would experience a(n): A) reuptake of serotonin. B) insulin-induced coma. C) increase in energy and creativity. D) brain seizure.

brain seizure.

Which of the following problems is a possible medical complication of anorexia nervosa? A) high blood pressure B) decreased heart rate C) elevated body temperature D) increased bone mineral density

decreased heart rate

St. John's wort: A) has been shown to be effective in treating severe depression. B) produces undesirable effects. C) is available with prescription. D) is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals.

is inexpensive compared to pharmaceuticals.

Which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa? A) obsessive thoughts about cleanliness B) weight at least 15 percent below normal C) lack of control over eating during binging D) one episode of binge eating followed by purging

lack of control over eating during binging

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT? A) manic patients B) phobic patients C) psychotic patients D) hysterical patients

psychotic patients

A person taking antidepressant medication is starting to gain weight, and reports decreasing interest in sexual activity. These changes are MOST common among people taking what kind of antidepressant medication? A) MAO inhibitors B) tricyclics C) second-generation antidepressants D) vagus nerve stimulators

second-generation antidepressants

According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to: A) a misunderstanding of the relationship between food and weight. B) eating that is uncontrolled. C) too much concern with eating, shape, and weight. D) an inability to control one's emotions.

too much concern with eating, shape, and weight.

If you live in the United States, you can be assured that: A) dietary supplements receive the same scrutiny from the FDA as prescribed medication. B) the United States is the center for most of the research on dietary supplements. C) claims made about the effectiveness of dietary supplements are based on solid research. D) you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar dietary supplement industry.

you will be exposed to advertisements from the multibillion-dollar dietary supplement industry.

A friend of yours wishes to be a highly creative artist. What is the best advice you could give your friend regarding mood disorders? A) "Avoid mood disorders; highly creative people have a lower than average incidence of them." B) "Severe mania is related to long periods of high creativity." C) "If you develop a mood disorder, don't get treated, or you'll lose your creative spark." D) "Mild mood disorders are related to greater creativity than severe disorders."

"Mild mood disorders are related to greater creativity than severe disorders."

An example of a disturbed cognition that might be present in one being treated for anorexia is the statement: A) "I don't talk about my feelings; I never have." B) "My weight and shape determine my value." C) "I am free to speak my mind and others shouldn't turn away. " D) "Whatever I feel, she has to feel too."

"My weight and shape determine my value."

if a friend is considering nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression, your BEST advice would be: A) "Don't: nutraceuticals don't work." B) "Black cohosh should help with practically any kind of mood disorder." C) "Melatonin is effective only with severe depression." D) "St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression."

"St. John's wort should only be used for mild or moderate cases of depression."

Your BEST advice to a friend who is experiencing severe depression would be: A) "Try behavior therapy; it's the best therapy for severe depression." B) "Couple therapy works better than other therapies if you're experiencing marital problems." C) "Psychodynamic therapy or behavior therapy should work better than anything else." D) "Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."

"Try combining cognitive therapy with drug therapy."

A friend of yours diagnosed with unipolar depression says, "This can't be that bad. Maybe my creativity will increase." Of the following alternatives, your MOST accurate reply is: A) "You should get some therapy; there's nothing positive about depression." B) "You should get some therapy; only about half of people with depression get more creative." C) "Think about getting some therapy; becoming more creative might not be worth it." D) "Don't worry; almost all people with depression recover and retain the creativity gains."

"You should get some therapy; there's nothing positive about depression."

Studies show that individuals with severe depression who have not benefited from more conventional treatments are about how likely to improve from using vagus nerve stimulation? A) 10 percent B) 20 percent C) 30 percent D) 40 percent

40 percent

About what percentage of clients with unipolar depression receive treatment from a mental health professional each year? A) 50 percent B) 33 percent C) 75 percent D) almost all

50 percent

About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships? A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 75 percent D) 90 percent

50 percent

Recent studies show about what proportion of those experiencing major depressive disorder receive treatment for that disorder? A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 75 percent D) 90 percent

50 percent

Although most victims recover from eating disorders, between ______ and ______ of them become so seriously ill that they die from medical problems or from suicide. A) 2 percent; 6 percent B) 6 percent; 10 percent C) 10 percent; 14 percent D) 14 percent; 18 percent

6 percent; 10 percent

Which one of the following is the BEST example of adjunctive therapy? A) A patient is taking a mood stabilizer along with an SSRI. B) The child of someone with unipolar depression is given a vaccine against depression (if such a vaccine existed). C) Both members of a couple are being treated for depression. D) A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family.

A patient is receiving both drug therapy and interpersonal therapy with his or her family

Which of the following is an example of an aspect of psychodynamic therapy for depression? A) A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past. B) Every time the client says anything a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. C) The therapist questions a client about the frequency and nature of her daily activities, including those that give her pleasure. D) The therapist attacks the irrationality of a client's beliefs about himself

A therapist questions a client about losses she may have suffered in her past.

Which one of the following statements is MOST consistent with the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for depression? A) Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely. B) One must completely eliminate negative thoughts to recover from depression. C) Negative thoughts are valuable guides for behavior. D) The behavioral approach alone is preferable to cognitive interventions

Accepting negative thoughts and working with them is preferable to rejecting them entirely.

Which of these research findings provides the most direct support for Beck's cognitive theory of depression? A) Depressed women make even more errors in logic when interpreting a paragraph than do nondepressed women. B) Lack of social rewards is related to the downward spiral of depression. C) Both human infants and infant monkeys show depression-like symptoms when they are separated from their mothers. D) Depression is related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Depressed women make even more errors in logic when interpreting a paragraph than do nondepressed women.

Why is interpersonal psychotherapy considered to be a sociocultural approach? A) Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations. B) Depression is thought to result from individual pathology. C) Depression is thought to be best treated within the family and in the real world rather than in the clinic. D) Depression is thought to be best treated by use of a multidisciplinary treatment team.

Depression is thought to result from disrupted social interactions and role expectations.

Assume you have a friend who is a talented artist, and has occasional short-term hypomania. What is the best thing, in terms of being a creative, productive artist, that your friend could do? A) Seek immediate, in-depth treatment; hypomania severely limits artists. B) Do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity and productivity. C) Try, at least occasionally, to feel mildly depressed; cyclothymic disorder is characteristic of most great artists. D) Try, at least occasionally, to feel severely depressed; bipolar II disorder is characteristic of most great artists.

Do nothing; sometimes, hypomania increases artistic creativity and productivity.

Which of the following is NOT true about the use of ECT and drug therapies for treating depression? A) ECT works quicker than drug therapy in reducing depression. B) ECT works somewhat more effectively than drug therapy in treating depression. C) ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed. D) ECT appears to be somewhat more successful in treating depressed people who are also suicidal.

ECT is likely to be prescribed first, and if it doesn't work, then drugs are prescribed.

Which of these statements would NOT reflect a part of the cognitive triad? A) Everyone is out to get me. B) Life is just too overwhelming. C) I don't even want to wake up tomorrow. D) I just can't go on.

Everyone is out to get me.

Which of the following conclusions about family patterns and eating disorders is MOST supported by systematic research? A) People with eating disorders come from enmeshed families. B) Children who take on a "sick role" will likely develop eating disorders. C) Individuality and independence are related to the development of eating disorders. D) Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely.

Families of those with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa vary widely.

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for someone experiencing depression? A) Only use it in cases of severe depression, where it is the best therapy there is. B) It is better than drug therapy for those with mild depression. C) It is equal in effectiveness to cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies. D) It is better than nothing, but that's about it.

It is better than nothing, but that's about it.

Which of the following is TRUE about the research on the effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy in treating unipolar depression? A) It is less effective than placebo treatments. B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue. C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions. D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of cases.

Which of the following is true about the research on the effectiveness of cognitive therapy in treating unipolar depression? A) It is less effective than placebo treatments. B) The research has not provided consistent results on this issue. C) It is more effective in group than in individual therapy sessions. D) It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

It nearly eliminates depressive symptoms in 50 to 60 percent of the cases.

Which of the following statements about psychodynamic therapy in treating unipolar depression is MOST accurate? A) Carefully controlled, multiple-participant studies validate the success of this therapy. B) Not even case studies support the effectiveness of this therapy. C) Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression. D) Short-term therapy is less effective than long-term therapy.

Long-term therapy is only occasionally helpful to those with unipolar depression.

Which of the following is important in using contingency management effectively? A) Increase the total number of activities, both positive and negative, so the person can learn to tell the difference. B) Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities. C) Be sure the person receives feedback from a group regarding which activities are positive and which are negative. D) Develop ways for the person to express depressed feelings through journal writing.

Make sure that the person receives reinforcement for engaging in positive activities.

What is the MOST likely explanation for the different explanations of eating disorders in men and women? A) Men are judged by a harsher cultural standard of attractiveness. B) Eating disorders may be overdiagnosed in women. C) Men restrict their caloric intake more severely when dieting. D) Male eating disorders are more likely to be tied to work or sports.

Male eating disorders are more likely to be tied to work or sports.

For women experiencing postpartum depression, which of the following is true regarding psychotherapy for depression? A) Most women stop having depressive symptoms within four weeks after the birth of their child. B) A psychodynamic approach works particularly well. C) Many women with postpartum depression find self-help support groups particularly helpful. D) They should avoid antidepressant medications. Such medications work well for unipolar depression but not for postpartum depression.

Many women with postpartum depression find self-help support groups particularly helpful.

Which of the following statements is NOT generally accurate regarding gender and depression? A) Women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression. B) Men have less frequent bouts of depression. C) Women have longer-lasting bouts of depression. D) Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression.

Men respond less successfully to therapy for depression.

Recent research on body dissatisfaction among college students suggests which of the following? A) Women who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied than those who are of medium weight. B) Men and women show approximately equal rates of body dissatisfaction. C) Men who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied than those who are of medium weight. D) Among the overweight, body dissatisfaction rates are over 90 percent.

Men who are overweight and underweight are more dissatisfied than those who are of medium weight.

Many teenagers go on occasional eating binges. Which of the following is TRUE about this behavior? A) The behavior is perfectly normal. B) The behavior inevitably leads to bulimia. C) Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic. D) The behavior inevitably leads to excessive exercise.

Most people who engage in the behavior are not bulimic.

Which one of the following is a likely reason for using adjunctive therapy to treat bipolar disorder? A) People stop taking lithium because they dislike the euphoria it causes. B) People stop taking lithium because they miss the depression. C) People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it. D) People take overdoses of lithium because it makes them feel so good

People stop taking lithium because they feel more productive and creative without taking it.

Corrina took an antidepressant and then ate a meal. Shortly thereafter her blood pressure skyrocketed and she felt faint. Which of the following is MOST likely to be true? A) She took an overdose. B) She took a tricyclic antidepressant. C) She did not need the antidepressant. D) She ate something containing tyramine.

She ate something containing tyramine.

Which of the following statements MOST accurately reflects current research findings? A) Dysregulated immune systems produce stress, which may then produce unipolar depression. B) Unipolar depression produces stress, which produces dysregulated immune systems. C) Unipolar depression and stress both produce dysregulated immune systems. D) Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression.

Stress produces dysregulated immune systems, which may then produce unipolar depression.

The DSM-5 has added premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as a diagnosis given to certain women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive and related symptoms during the week before menstruation. Why has this been an ongoing controversy? A) There has not been enough research about the diagnosis. B) It does not occur often enough to qualify for a diagnosis. C) The diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome. D) There are not enough symptoms to qualify for a diagnosis.

The diagnosis pathologizes severe cases of premenstrual syndrome.

Considering data from several countries around the world, which of the following is the MOST accurate statement about the percentages of adults in each country who suffer from mood disorders each year? A) The percentages are virtually identical across countries. B) Asian countries generally have higher percentages of mood disorders. C) European countries generally have higher percentages of mood disorders. D) The percentages are over twice as high in some countries as they are in others.

The percentages are over twice as high in some countries as they are in others.

A person with bipolar disorder is taking a commonly used drug to stabilize mood in the manic episodes. What else might also happen as a result of taking this drug? A) Nothing much—the drug works specifically on manic episodes. B) The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes. C) The person might experience an initial intensification of depressive episodes, followed by a return to the usual intensity. D) The person probably would develop unipolar depression.

The person might experience at least partial relief from depressive episodes.

Current research on eating disorders is MOST consistent with which of the following statements? A) White American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than African American women. B) African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders than white American women. C) Both white American women and African American women have better body images and fewer problems with eating disorders these days than they did in the past. D) The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women—approaching rates found in white American women.

The rates of eating disorders are increasing in minority women—approaching rates found in white American women.

Which of the following would a psychodynamic therapist be MOST likely to say about studies regarding the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy for depression? A) The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research. B) Therapists' reports of individual recovery and progress should be disregarded. C) The therapy is less effective than other methods. D) More empirical studies need to be done before drawing conclusions.

The therapy does not lend itself to empirical research.

Why does the author of your textbook describe dieters who have fallen to a weight below their set point as being engaged in a "battle against themselves"? A) Their hypothalamus has been damaged. B) They have an emotional conflict between their desire to diet and their desire to eat. C) Their brains are making them feel hungry, an impulse hard to resist. D) What they want for themselves and what society tells them is attractive are two different things.

Their brains are making them feel hungry, an impulse hard to resist.

How does binge eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? A) There is no body image dissatisfaction. People who have binge eating disorder tend to be happy with the way they look. B) There is less gender difference in the incidence rates. C) The disorder begins later in life. D) The amount of control experienced during bingeing is much less.

There is less gender difference in the incidence rates.

According to Hilde Bruch, which of the following characterizes ineffective parents whose children are prone to eating disorders? A) They feed children crying from hunger and comfort ones crying from fear. B) They feed children too much, regardless of whether they are crying or not. C) They feed anxious children and comfort tired ones. D) They decide when their children are hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children.

They feed anxious children and comfort tired ones.

What is currently true about pharmaceutical companies regarding their ads for medications in the United States? A) They are only allowed to advertise to physicians and psychologists. B) They must detail all the major side effects and potential risks of the drugs in their ads. C) They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads. D) They have not found direct ads to be effective in increasing sales.

They must recommend that patients consult with their doctors about taking the drugs in their ads.

What do ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation have in common? A) They are used primarily to treat those with mild forms of depression. B) Despite early promise, they have proven not to be effective treatments for depression. C) They are usually tried before medications in order to prevent medication-induced side effects. D) They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

They suggest that brain stimulation is effective in treating severe forms of depression.

Which of the following would a cognitive therapist be LEAST likely to say to you? A) Please prepare a detailed schedule of your activities for the week. B) Write down your automatic thoughts as they occur to you. C) Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white" terms. D) Let's do a little experiment to test that attitude.

Try to evaluate what happens to you in "black and white" terms.

Of the following statements, which is accurate, based on current research? A) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder both have several important factors. B) Unipolar depression has one major factor; bipolar disorder has several important factors. C) Unipolar depression has several important factors; bipolar disorder has one major factor. D) Unipolar depression and bipolar disorder have one major factor.

Unipolar depression has several important factors; bipolar disorder has one major factor.`

What would be your BEST recommendation (i.e., MOST scientifically valid) about behavioral therapy for an adolescent experiencing depression? A) There is really no difference in treatment effectiveness among adults and adolescents. B) Avoid drug therapy because of the side effects for adolescents. C) Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy. D) Focus on the brain stimulation treatments—ECT, in particular.

Use a combination of drug therapy and cognitive therapy.

Current research regarding the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for depression is MOST consistent with which of the following statements? A) Therapy is most effective when techniques are used one at a time, in isolation. B) Increasing one's positive activities is more effective than just keeping track of them. C) Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one. D) Behavior therapists usually reject the addition of cognitive techniques to their therapy.

Using a combination of behavioral techniques works better than using just one.

Which of the following would provide the BEST evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression? A) a finding that people show negative thoughts before they become depressed B) a finding that people show negative thoughts only after they become depressed C) a finding that biochemical imbalances lead to both depression and negative thoughts D) a finding that social rewards are not related to happiness

a finding that people show negative thoughts before they become depressed

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to characterize the behavior of someone experiencing anorexia nervosa? A) careful preparation and planning of the food one eats during the day B) feeling oneself to be unattractively overweight C) a view that food deprivation makes one a better person D) a hesitancy to think and talk about food

a hesitancy to think and talk about food

Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a genetic predisposition for unipolar depression. These studies have found: A) a lower rate of unipolar depression among children of parents with this disorder. B) a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients. C) high rates of unipolar depression among dizygotic twins but not among monozygotic twins. D) no compelling evidence for depression to be found in relatives of a depressed individual.

a higher than chance rate of depression among the families of depressed patients.

Among the reasons cited for so many college students experiencing emotional problems are all of the following EXCEPT: A) a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors. B) burnout from the competitive admissions process. C) excessive pressure to do well and get into a top college. D) psychiatric medication that allows more students with serious problems to go to college.

a lack of sensitivity to the issue by admissions counselors.

On an impulse, David decides to throw a huge party. It takes four days of round-the-clock work to get everything ready, then David welcomes over 200 guests. When the police stop by because David has blocked a public road to have room for the party, he flies into a rage. MOST likely, David is experiencing: A) a manic phase of bipolar II disorder. B) a manic phase of bipolar I disorder. C) a manic phase of cyclothymic disorder. D) mania.

a manic phase of bipolar I disorder.

After a couple divorced, you learn that one of them is suffering from depression. MOST likely: A) the man's depression led to the divorce. B) the woman's depression led to the divorce. C) a troubled marriage led to the depression. D) the depression developed after the divorce, due to the stress of starting to date again.

a troubled marriage led to the depression.

If you are overweight, the development of which of the following is MOST likely to appeal to you? A) a way to safely block GLP-1 in humans B) a way to safely activate the lateral hypothalamus in humans C) a way to safely deactivate the ventromedial hypothalamus in humans D) a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans

a way to safely increase GLP-1 in humans

Compared to African Americans, white Americans are: A) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression, and about as likely to have recurrent episodes. B) substantially less likely to be diagnosed with depression, and less likely to have recurrent episodes. C) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, and about as likely to have recurrent episodes. D) about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, but less likely to have recurrent episodes.

about as likely to be diagnosed with depression, but less likely to have recurrent episodes.

That eating disorders are rising among nonwhite Americans to levels approaching the rates for white Americans is MOST likely due to: A) increases in the availability of junk food. B) alexithymia. C) the increase in the number of men with eating disorders. D) acculturation.

acculturation.

Lasting improvement for one with anorexia nervosa depends on: A) continuing medical treatment. B) drug therapy over several years. C) addressing underlying psychological problems. D) recognizing the need to give up control.

addressing underlying psychological problems.

The combination of lithium and psychotherapy is better than lithium treatment alone. This therapeutic addition is called: A) conjoint ego analysis. B) sociodynamic training. C) adjunctive psychotherapy. D) chemo-behavioral treatment.

adjunctive psychotherapy.

"I have this vague sense that something isn't right, but I just can't describe it," is a statement MOST likely said by someone experiencing: A) exposure to response intervention. B) an enmeshed family. C) alexithymia. D) a weight set point.

alexithymia.

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, melancholic, the individual must display: A) repeated episodes. B) fluctuation in mood during the year. C) motor immobility or excessive activity. D) almost no emotional response to pleasurable events.

almost no emotional response to pleasurable events.

Studies show that less than 10 percent of individuals who experience major losses become depressed. This finding provides what level of support for a psychodynamic explanation of depression? A) almost none—about 10 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year B) some—about 5 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year C) strong—about 2 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year D) very strong—only about 1 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year

almost none—about 10 percent of adults in the United States experience some level of clinical depression each year

The medical problem that is twice as frequent in anorexic women as it is in bulimic women is: A) hair loss. B) amenorrhea. C) hypokalemia. D) esophageal bleeding.

amenorrhea.

If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect to find that person to have: A) an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine. B) especially high levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine, and their metabolites. C) particularly low levels of the neurotransmitters cortisol and melatonin, as measured by their metabolites. D) an absence of the neurotransmitters cortisol and serotonin.

an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.

Which of the following is the BEST example of alexithymia? A) an inability to control one's eating B) an inability to describe one's feelings accurately C) an inability to act independently D) an inability to describe one's body accurately

an inability to describe one's feelings accurately

Which of the following is MOST likely to elevate the mood in a depressed person? A) inhibition of serotonin synthesis B) a decrease in the levels of serotonin C) an increase in the levels of norepinephrine D) blocking synaptic transmission at norepinephrine synapses

an increase in the levels of norepinephrine

If we ultimately find that people with unipolar depression have certain biochemical characteristics, certain cognitive characteristics, and certain life stressors, then we will have evidence that: A) a single factor causes depression. B) different factors cause depression in different people. C) an interaction between factors causes depression. D) different factors are related to the cause, course, and treatment of depression.

an interaction between factors causes depression.

A young woman has become very afraid of being overweight. She has recently reduced her food intake, although she feels hungry all the time. As a result, her weight has dropped sharply below average, but she still believes that she is overweight. She is MOST likely experiencing: A) bulimia nervosa. B) anorexia nervosa. C) Carpenter's syndrome. D) carbohydrate deprivation.

anorexia nervosa.

The dean of academic affairs visits a professor's class as part of a tenure review. At the conclusion of the lecture, the dean exits hurriedly, without saying a word to the professor. The professor, who is prone to depression, concludes, "The dean hated my class so much he was too embarrassed to speak to me." This is an example of a(n): A) overgeneralization. B) arbitrary inference. C) selective abstraction. D) magnification and minimization.

arbitrary inference.

Compared to people with anorexia nervosa, MOST people with bulimia: A) are younger. B) have less education. C) are of more normal weight. D) have obsessive thoughts about food.

are of more normal weight.

All the treatment methods for bulimia nervosa share the immediate goal of: A) changing distorted self-perceptions. B) addressing the underlying causes of the bulimic patterns. C) assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns. D) forcing patients to accept the responsibility for their actions.

assisting patients to eliminate their binge-purge patterns.

Increasing pleasant activities is MOST likely to be a part of a _______ therapy program. A) cognitive B) behavioral C) interpersonal D) psychoanalytic

behavioral

José is depressed. His therapist told him that reading a book each month would help. He should also visit friends, go bowling, do the laundry, mow the lawn, and eat meals with his wife. In short, he should increase his positive activity. His therapist MOST likely reflects the ______ orientation. A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) interpersonal

behavioral

People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing ______ symptoms of mania. A) behavioral B) motivational C) cognitive D) emotional

behavioral

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that there is a significant relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness? A) behavioral B) biochemical C) cognitive D) psychoanalytic

behavioral

Focusing on the addition of positive activities to a depressed patient's life is a behavioral technique known as: A) behavioral contingency management. B) behavioral cognition. C) behavioral activation. D) behavioral confrontation

behavioral activation.

A decrease in social rewards, especially a decrease in social support, such as the support found in a happy marriage may precede the onset of depression, providing evidence for which theoretical perspectives? A) psychodynamic and cognitive B) cognitive and behavioral C) behavioral and sociocultural D) sociocultural and biological

behavioral and sociocultural

A recently divorced individual who swears off dating for fear of experiencing another failed relationship has an increased risk of developing a depressive disorder, providing direct support for which theoretical explanation of depression? A) psychodynamic and cognitive B) cognitive and behavioral C) behavioral and sociocultural D) sociocultural and biological

behavioral and sociocultural

The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to ask, "What are some things you enjoy doing, and how often do you do them?" would be a: A) psychdynamic clinician. B) behavioral clinician.. C) cognitive clinician. D) sociocultural clinician.

behavioral clinician

If you are receiving therapy designed to teach you and your spouse specific communication and problem-solving skills, your therapist is practicing: A) premarital instructional therapy. B) psychoeducational therapy. C) role transition therapy. D) behavioral marital therapy.

behavioral marital therapy.

Francoise is depressed. Her therapist asks her about her daily experiences, focusing on how often people say nice things to her. Her therapist MOST likely has a: A) cognitive orientation. B) biological orientation. C) behavioral orientation. D) biochemical orientation.

behavioral orientation.

A therapist treating a patient for depression first finds out what activities the client once found pleasurable. These activities are then reintroduced into the patient's daily schedule. Which type of therapy is this therapist using? A) behavioral therapy B) humanistic therapy C) interpersonal therapy D) psychodynamic therapy

behavioral therapy

A therapist turns on a buzzer when a client speaks slowly and laboriously. She turns it off when the client speaks more rapidly. In other cases the therapist instructs the client's spouse to ignore his mate when she complains or acts in a self-deprecating manner. This is an example of: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) humanistic therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.

behavioral therapy.

Arron's persistent feelings of sadness and impending doom dominate his life. Every time he says anything even a little positive to his therapist, the therapist smiles. Otherwise the therapist has a stone face. This therapist is probably using some variation of: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) psychoanalytic therapy. D) interpersonal psychotherapy.

behavioral therapy.

A person who loses weight by forcing herself to vomit after meals or by using laxatives, and who otherwise fits the definition of anorexia is experiencing: A) binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa. B) food-phobia anorexia nervosa. C) restricted-type anorexia nervosa. D) variable-limited anorexia nervosa.

binge-eating/purging anorexia nervosa.

If people with unipolar depression were found to have higher levels of cortisol, such a finding would support the influence of the: ______. A) behavioral orientation B) biochemical orientation C) psychodynamic orientation D) sociocultural orientation

biochemical orientation

Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies? A) humanist B) biological C) behavioral D) psychodynamic

biological

The mechanism of action of imipramine is to: A) destroy monoamine oxidase. B) mimic the action of norepinephrine and serotonin. C) block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. D) block the receptor sites for norepinephrine and serotonin on the postsynaptic neuron.

block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin

MAO inhibitors work by: A) blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine. B) raising the level of MAO. C) lowering the level of tyramine, found in cheese and wine. D) interacting with the production of amphetamines.

blocking MAO from breaking down norepinephrine.

Apparently tricyclics work by: A) blocking the production of norepinephrine and serotonin. B) blocking the reuptake of the tricyclic by the neurotransmitter. C) blocking the ingestion of the tricyclic. D) blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.

People are MOST likely to eat junk food when they are experiencing: A) depression. B) anxiety. C) love. D) boredom.

boredom.

In the bilateral ECT, the electrical current passes through: A) both sides of the brain. B) only the left side of the brain. C) only the right side of the brain. D) the brain and the spinal cord.

both sides of the brain.

Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include: A) both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese. B) both involve a reluctance to think about food, weight, or appearance. C) both involve an underestimation of one's weight and body size. D) both tend to be related to personality disorders.

both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese.

Studies reporting abnormalities in the basal ganglia of individuals with bipolar disorder provide the strongest support for which of the following causes of biopolar disorder? A) inappropriate neurotransmitter levels B) genetic linkage patterns C) brain structure D) ion activity at the cellular level

brain structure

Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. What type of major depression would he most likely be diagnosed with? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) recurrent D) melancholic

catatonic

What would be the most appropriate diagnosis for a person who experienced a major depressive episode, without having any history of mania, and is either immobile or excessively active? A) recurrent depression B) seasonal depression C) catatonic depression D) melancholic depression

catatonic depression

A depressed individual receiving therapy is told that many, even most of the negative thoughts that an individual experiences and records, have no basis in fact. MOST likely, the therapist is: A) changing primary attitudes. B) challenging automatic thoughts. C) training the individual in dichotomous thinking. D) negatively reinforcing verbal avoidance responses.

challenging automatic thoughts.

Research on doll choice in preschoolers shows that: A) children choose the doll that looks most like they do. B) children choose the thin doll rather than the chubby doll but don't know why. C) children choose the thin doll and say they want to be thin themselves. D) children choose the chubby doll but don't seem to know why.

children choose the thin doll rather than the chubby doll but don't know why.

Which theoretical orientation would the research finding that depressed people choose more pessimistic and self-deprecating statements in a story-telling test demonstrate? A) behavioral B) biochemical C) cognitive D) sociocultural

cognitive

Outcome studies on treatments for depression, comparing drug treatments with cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies, show that: A) cognitive therapies work quicker, but must be combined with drug therapy over the long run. B) all are equally effective, both initially, and in preventing recurrences. C) all three are equally likely to be prescribed by physicians. D) cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved.

cognitive therapies are better at preventing relapses unless the drug therapy is continued even after the patient has improved.

If your therapist concentrated on helping you recognize and change negative thoughts and thus improve your mood, your therapist would be using: A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) sociocultural therapy.

cognitive therapy.

Conclusions from extensive studies of the effectiveness of various forms of treatment for depression show that: A) no more than one or two treatments appears to be effective in the treatment of depression. B) no matter what other treatment is used, drug treatment is essential and should be tried first. C) all treatments are equally effective in treating depression. D) cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective.

cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, and biological treatments are the best, and about equally effective.

An anorectic patient who says, "I know that a key feature of anorexia nervosa is a misperception of my own size, so I can expect to feel fat regardless of my actual size," has most likely received which of the following? A) antidepressant medications B) exposure and response prevention C) cognitive-behavioral therapy D) treatment for family enmeshment

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Someone receiving treatment for depression periodically completes an Attributional Style Questionnaire, which is designed to measure the therapy's effectiveness. The theoretical orientation of the therapist is MOST likely: A) psychodynamic. B) behavioral. C) sociocultural. D) cognitive.

cognitive.

Which of the following is not an example of a biological treatment for depression? A) electroconvulsive shock B) antidepressant medication C) contingency management D) herbal remedies

contingency management

In order to effectively reduce the chances of relapse of depressive symptoms, patients should: A) take a larger dose of tricyclics than necessary for relief of symptoms. B) continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free. C) gradually taper the dose of tricyclics once they are symptom-free. D) take MAO inhibitors along with tricyclics.

continue to take tricyclics after they are symptom-free.

What is a likely long-term consequence of anorexia? A) failure to gain weight B) failure to menstruate C) continuing concern about weight and appearance D) inability to succeed at a job

continuing concern about weight and appearance

A person who was receiving the best and most current treatment for an eating disorder would receive treatment designed to: A) deal only with changing the poor eating habits. B) deal first with what caused the eating disorder, then correct it. C) deal only with what caused the eating disorder. D) deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them

deal first with changing the eating habits, then with what caused them

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades: A) because the results of drug therapy are vastly superior to those of cognitive therapy. B) despite the success of cognitive therapy. C) even though behavior therapy shows better results. D) because successful drug therapy is only effective in the short term.

despite the success of cognitive therapy.

Which of the following is NOT a part of Beck's cognitive therapy for unipolar depression? A) encouraging people to become more active and confident B) education about what automatic thoughts are C) discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts D) prompting people to test their attitudes and thoughts

discussion with family members about their maladaptive thoughts

Someone who is experiencing bulimia is MORE likely to _____ than someone experiencing anorexia. A) show obsessive tendencies B) believe his or her body size is larger than it actually is C) display characteristics of a personality disorder D) have serious medical consequences from the disorder

display characteristics of a personality disorder

Of the following, the MOST accurate description of the symptoms of mania would be that they: A) are highly correlated with positive life events. B) are the same as those of depression (e.g., sadness), but accompanied by aggressiveness. C) don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others. D) very seldom include physical activity, usually including only mental activity.

don't include a sense of the impact of one's actions on others.

The best treatment recommendation you could give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: A) complex, due to conflicting experimental results. B) broad; a number of different therapies work equally well. C) drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy. D) no therapy has been shown to be effective.

drug therapy, perhaps accompanied by psychotherapy.

If we find that many people with eating disorders also have symptoms of depression, we know that: A) eating disorders cause depression. B) depression causes eating disorders. C) something else causes both eating disorders and depression. D) eating disorders and depression are somehow related.

eating disorders and depression are somehow related.

Which of the following treatments produces the fastest results in the biological treatment for unipolar depression? A) MAO inhibitors B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C) tricyclic antidepressant medication D) second-generation antidepressant drugs

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at least five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be: A) postpartum depression. B) reactive depression. C) exogenous depression. D) endogenous depression.

endogenous depression.

Sohila has been deteriorating for more than a year. She is always tired (she does not sleep), she is losing weight (she eats poorly), she is sad, feels terrible, and feels like it will never get any better. When asked, it is clear that nothing in particular has happened. Based on these data, the diagnosis MOST likely would be: A) manic depression. B) reactive depression. C) exogenous depression. D) endogenous depression.

endogenous depression.

Lithium has been found to: A) be useful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. B) enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression. C) increase the effectiveness of drugs used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. D) be more effective in treating bipolar disorder when used in conjunction with ECT than when used alone.

enhance the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in unipolar depression.

Family members are overinvolved in each other's lives, but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an: A) autonomous family pattern. B) underfunctioning family pattern. C) enmeshed family pattern. D) institutionalized family pattern.

enmeshed family pattern.

Salvador Minuchin describes a family system in which members are overly involved in each other's affairs as a(n): A) interrelationary pattern. B) enmeshed family pattern. C) homeostatic family system. D) dysfunctionally interdependent system.

enmeshed family pattern.

The MOST common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is: A) excessively optimistic, with poor judgment. B) excessively optimistic, with normal self-esteem. C) very coherent, with good judgment. D) very coherent, with abnormally high self-esteem.

excessively optimistic, with poor judgment.

A therapist who sat with the bulimic patient while the patient ate appropriate quantities of "forbidden" foods, and then stayed until the patient no longer had the urge to purge would be practicing: A) exposure and response prevention. B) group insight-oriented therapy. C) correction and cognitive misperceptions. D) supportive nursing care.

exposure and response prevention.

Tanya is a behavioral therapist who exposes bulimic patients to situations that usually cause binge episodes and then prevents them from binge eating. The technique that she is using is called: A) skillful frustration. B) temptation-restriction. C) willpower reinforcement. D) exposure and response prevention.

exposure and response prevention.

A recent study showed a positive correlation between the time spent on Facebook and the likelihood of experiencing an eating disorder among adolescent girls. This result showed that: A) girls who spend time on Facebook are less likely to have eating disorders. B) having an eating disorder causes one to disengage from face-to-face interactions. C) being on Facebook is a way to avoid eating. D) exposure to media might be related to an increase in eating disorders.

exposure to media might be related to an increase in eating disorders.

Changes in body image among African American women and among women in non-Westernized cultures support the idea that ______ has/have a strong influence on body image. A) genetic similarities B) cognitive distortions C) exposure to white U.S. culture D) the impact of gender

exposure to white U.S. culture

Darius thinks that his poor performance in math was due to a bad teacher. He also believes that he is good in language-based subjects. Darius is sure that he will do better in math next year. This is an example of: A) internal, global, and stable attribution. B) external, global, and stable attribution. C) internal, specific, and stable attribution. D) external, specific, and unstable attribution.

external, specific, and unstable attribution.

People who binge: A) like to eat high-protein foods such as steak and nuts. B) feel powerful before the binge. C) are usually calm and rational just before and then during a binge. D) generally consume about 10,000 calories during a binge.

feel powerful before the binge.

A man with muscle dysmorphobia is MOST likely to: A) become anorexic. B) believe himself to be too muscularly developed despite the fact that he is not. C) concentrate on the regulation of his eating rather than excessive weight lifting. D) feel that he is scrawny despite the fact that he is not.

feel that he is scrawny despite the fact that he is not.

Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT: A) amenorrhea. B) dry, rough, cracked skin. C) fever and high blood pressure. D) development of the silky hair that covers newborns.

fever and high blood pressure.

If a study demonstrated that depression is caused by concerns about one's weight, that finding would provide strong evidence: A) against the hormone explanation. B) for the hormone explanation. C) against the body dissatisfaction explanation. D) for the body dissatisfaction explanation.

for the body dissatisfaction explanation.

In one study, prospective parents rated a picture of a chubby child as ______ than a less average-weight child. A) friendly and intelligent B) masculine C) emotionally stable D) likely to succeed

friendly and intelligent

People who diet to lose weight usually: A) gain the weight back. B) do not lose any weight. C) maintain a lower, but not the lowest, weight. D) maintain the low weight they achieve through dieting

gain the weight back.

Which of the following is the MOST effective dietary supplement/disorder pairing? A) ginkgo biloba for treating dementia B) black cohosh for treating depression C) zinc for treating PMS D) SAM-e for treating sexual dysfunction

ginkgo biloba for treating dementia

Which of the following is the BEST example of interpersonal role transition? A) taking an important exam B) going away to college for the first time C) exploring the spiritual dimensions of one's life D) planting a garden

going away to college for the first time

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder, one would MOST likely find that the woman: A) had been unsuccessful in trying to lose weight. B) had gone through a period of intense criticism from her family. C) had experienced a growth spurt. D) had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family.

A woman being treated for postpartum depression after the birth of her first child is most likely to: A) experience postpartum depression after her first birth, but rarely experience it again. B) only experience postpartum depression after the birth of a first child. C) have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child. D) have a 100% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child.

have up to a 50% chance of experiencing postpartum depression with her next child.

The first step in treating anorexia nervosa is to: A) correct family coping patterns. B) resolve unresolved oral conflicts. C) correct maladaptive thought patterns. D) help the person start to regain the lost weight.

help the person start to regain the lost weight.

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is MOST unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis? A) her age B) her ethnicity C) her gender D) her socioeconomic background

her age

Biochemical explanations for bipolar disorder focus on all of the following EXCEPT: A) neurotransmitter activity. B) ion activity. C) hormonal functioning. D) genetic factors.

hormonal functioning.

When an experimenter stimulates a rat's lateral hypothalamus, the MOST likely result is: A) hunger. B) loss of appetite. C) death by starvation. D) intense sexual desire.

hunger.

The part of the brain MOST closely associated with the control of eating and body weight is the: A) thalamus. B) brain stem. C) hypothalamus. D) cerebral cortex.

hypothalamus.

Clients who tend to see everything that occurs as either all right or all wrong, with nothing in between, need to focus on which phase of Beck's treatment for depression? A) increasing activities and elevating mood B) challenging automatic thoughts C) identifying negative thinking and biases D) changing primary attitudes

identifying negative thinking and biases

In which of the following cases are you MOST likely to develop an eating disorder? A) if you have a fraternal twin with anorexia nervosa B) if you have a fraternal twin with bulimia nervosa C) if you have an identical twin with anorexia nervosa D) if you have an identical twin with bulimia nervosa

if you have an identical twin with anorexia nervosa

The concordance rate for anorexia nervosa in identical twins is 70 percent. This means that: A) if you are an identical twin, your chances developing anorexia are 70 percent B) in 70 percent of identical twins, both twins have anorexia. C) fraternal twins have a 30 percent rate of anorexia. D) if your identical twin has anorexia, your chances of having it are 70 percent.

if your identical twin has anorexia, your chances of having it are 70 percent.

What does Hilde Bruch believe ineffective parents do that puts their children at risk for eating disorders? A) over control their children B) incorrectly interpret their children's needs C) cause their children to become too attentive to internal signals D) give their children too much help and assistance

incorrectly interpret their children's needs

A young woman believes that everything negative that happens to her is her own fault, that she ruins everything, and always will. The therapist diagnoses her as suffering from a learned helplessness-induced depression because she attributes negative events in her life to: A) internal, global, stable factors. B) internal specific, stable factors. C) internal, global, unstable factors. D) internal, specific, unstable factors.

internal, global, stable factors.

Tomas has withdrawn from most social contacts because he never seems to be able to say the right thing. He just doesn't seem to fit in. His comments are always misinterpreted. He feels alone and is depressed. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role transition. C) interpersonal deficit. D) interpersonal role dispute.

interpersonal deficit.

Tony just does not feel close to anyone. He feels alone because although he can get to know someone (a woman) quite well on a friendship level, he doesn't know how to get beyond that to a more intimate level. This is depressing him. This is an example of what interpersonal psychotherapists refer to as an: A) interpersonal role transition. B) interpersonal loss. C) interpersonal deficit. D) interpersonal role dispute.

interpersonal deficit.

Which interpersonal problem area identified by interpersonal psychotherapists is MOST like the cause of depression suggested by psychoanalysis? A) interpersonal loss B) interpersonal deficits C) interpersonal role dispute D) interpersonal role transition

interpersonal loss

A woman who is in conflict with her husband over whether she should have a career or stay at home full-time to care for their children is experiencing: A) interpersonal loss. B) interpersonal role dispute. C) interpersonal role transition. D) interpersonal deficits.

interpersonal role dispute.

If your therapist encouraged you to explore your roles in life and how they might be changing, or how your expectations might be different from someone else's, your therapist would be using: A) cognitive therapy. B) behavioral therapy. C) interpersonal therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy.

interpersonal therapy.

Vomiting as a compensatory behavior for those experiencing bulimia: A) prevents the absorption of about 90 percent of calories consumed. B) ironically, leads to greater hunger and more frequent binges. C) helps one to feel full quicker during the next binge. D) is often done in public with no attempt to hide the behavior

ironically, leads to greater hunger and more frequent binges.

The belief that the prefrontal cortex has a very important part to play in the development of depression: A) is probably wrong; current studies focus on the hypothalamus. B) is probably correct; higher activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression. C) is probably correct: lower activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression. D) is probably correct, although researchers haven't identified the specifics of the relationship.

is probably correct: lower activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with depression.

All of the following about lithium as a treatment for bipolar disorder are true, EXCEPT that: A) it is highly effective at eliminating manic symptoms. B) it alleviates depressive symptoms, though to a lesser degree. C) it appears to help prevent relapse. D) it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

it interferes with the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.

What underlies Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders is a sense of: A) lack of control over their lives and a misperception of internal cues. B) parents who failed to anticipate and meet their needs, especially for food. C) hypersensitivity to and accuracy in interpreting internal cues. D) hostile and abusive parents.

lack of control over their lives and a misperception of internal cues.

According to recent research, which of the following is the LEAST likely reason a person becomes obese? A) defective GLP-1 receptors B) doing a lot of eating around others C) having obese biological parents D) lack of willpower

lack of willpower

A woman in a middle-level manager's job is repeatedly not promoted, no matter how hard she tries, even though she seems as qualified as the men who are promoted. If she develops depression as a result of her work experiences, the theory that BEST easily explains the onset of her depression is: A) artifact theory. B) hormone theory. C) lack-of-control theory. D) cognitive triad theory.

lack-of-control theory.

A woman who was frequently but unpredictably beaten by her husband was finally taken to a shelter by the police. While there she did not take advantage of educational and job training opportunities. How would cognitive theorists explain her behavior? A) automatic negative thoughts B) faulty cognitive triad C) learned helplessness D) arbitrary attribution

learned helplessness

Therapists who treat African American clients for depression need to be aware that their clients are: A) less likely to benefit from proper antidepressant medication. B) less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs. C) more likely to receive the newer, not well-tested drugs. D) more likely than European Americans to receive drug prescriptions on their first therapy.

less likely to receive newer second-generation drugs.

Relapse for both bulimia and anorexia is MOST likely triggered by: A) weight gain. B) life stresses. C) media exposure. D) medication withdrawal.

life stresses.

Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life situations, such as poverty and menial jobs, than men. This is the: A) self-blame theory. B) artifact theory. C) life-stress theory. D) lack-of-control theory.

life-stress theory.

If you are a minority, you are: A) more likely to receive antidepressant medication. B) likely to receive therapy with a culturally sensitive focus. C) likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy. D) unlikely to be impacted by economic pressures and a minority identity

likely to benefit from culturally sensitive therapy.

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions and high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment with: A) ECT. B) lithium. C) imipramine. D) tranquilizers.

lithium.

What are the chances that researchers will develop a specific, gene-based explanation for unipolar depression in the near future? A) almost zero—so far, no specific genes have been linked to unipolar depression B) low—so far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have been linked to unipolar depression C) moderate—researchers have identified at most a half-dozen or so genes linked to unipolar depression D) high—researchers have narrowed their study down to at most three genes linked to unipolar depression

low—so far, specific genes on half or more of chromosomes have been linked to unipolar depression

A person who is recovering from depression continues to take tricyclic medication for several months after most symptoms are gone. This is called: A) maintenance therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend not to reappear. B) maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing. C) placebo therapy, but it is not necessary; once symptoms are gone, they tend not to reappear. D) placebo therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.

maintenance therapy, and it is often necessary to keep symptoms from reappearing.

The "increasing activities and elevating mood" phase of Beck's treatment for depression: A) requires the use of antidepressant medication to be effective. B) is the phase most related to cognitions. C) makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive. D) deals with the problem of dichotomous thinking.

makes the therapy cognitive-behavioral rather than purely cognitive.

Your aunt says, "I know I'm depressed, and I think and worry about my depression constantly; however, I never actually do anything about it." She is: A) providing an example of the cognitive triad. B) making ruminative responses. C) committing errors in logic. D) regressing toward the oral stage of development.

making ruminative responses.

The major disadvantage of using forced tube-feeding for patients with eating disorders who refuse to eat is that the patients: A) may become distrustful of the therapist and uncooperative with further treatment. B) may actually lose more weight than if they were not force-fed. C) may gain weight too quickly. D) may become bulimic.

may become distrustful of the therapist and uncooperative with further treatment.

Seasonal affective disorder is associated with fewer hours per day of daylight during the winter months. Less daylight, or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of: A) BDNF. B) melatonin. C) serotonin. D) cortisol.

melatonin.

Which of the following medical problems associated with anorexia is MOST likely to lead to death? A) amenorrhea B) skin and nail dryness C) growth of lanugo D) metabolic and electrolyte changes

metabolic and electrolyte changes

White Americans receiving Medicaid are: A) more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication. B) more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, and may be more likely to respond to the medication. C) less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, and may be less likely to respond to the medication. D) less likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be more likely to respond to the medication.

more likely than African Americans to be prescribed antidepressant medication, but may be less likely to respond to the medication.

A person experiencing mania goes out with friends, looking for adventure. Additionally, the individual talks loudly, runs rather than walks, and has given away a lot of money to random people on the street. These symptoms are primarily: A) emotional and cognitive. B) physical and cognitive. C) motivational and behavioral. D) motivational and emotional.

motivational and emotional.

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, the individual must display: A) repeated episodes. B) fluctuation in mood during the year. C) motor immobility or excessive activity. D) onset within four weeks of giving birth.

motor immobility or excessive activity.

Many of today's cognitive-behavioral therapists would agree that: A) Beck's approach to therapy should continue to be followed without modification. B) negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated. C) acceptance and commitment therapy is outdated and no longer useful. D) therapy needs to be individualized, not delivered in a group setting.

negative cognitions should be accepted, not necessarily eliminated.

Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's: A) negative interpretation of events. B) symbolic losses. C) decrease in positive activities. D) ethnic background.

negative interpretation of events

A woman eats chips and dips, burgers and fries, and drinks a couple of shakes. Afterward, she goes to the gym and does 90 minutes of aerobics, spends an hour on the stairstepper, and then does weights for another hour. She also does not eat for 72 hours. The set of assumptions underlying her behavior would lead to a diagnosis of: A) binge-eating disorder. B) purging-type bulimia nervosa. C) nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. D) eating disorder not otherwise specified.

nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa.

If binge eating is followed by a period of strenuous exercise to compensate for the food, the diagnosis is probably: A) binge-eating disorder. B) purging-type bulimia nervosa. C) nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. D) eating disorder not otherwise specified.

nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa.

As a result of taking antidepressant drugs, a person is experiencing increased production of new neurons in the hippocampus. This is: A) normal, and is one indication of successful treatment. B) abnormal, and is one indication that the drug is not working. C) abnormal, and is an indication that bipolar disorder would be the proper diagnosis. D) abnormal, and is an indication that the depression is worsening.

normal, and is one indication of successful treatment.

Of the following, the psychological disorder that anorexia nervosa MOST resembles is: A) a simple phobia. B) narcissistic personality disorder. C) borderline personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

One problem with analogue studies of depression is that: A) people from different cultural backgrounds show different symptoms of depression. B) one cannot be sure depression-like symptoms in lab animals reflect human depression. C) computers are presently unable to simulate depressive symptoms as humans experience those symptoms. D) genetic correlational studies don't necessarily demonstrate causal links between genes and depression.

one cannot be sure depression-like symptoms in lab animals reflect human depression.

People suffering from anorexia nervosa tend to: A) overestimate their body size. B) underestimate their body size. C) correctly estimate their body size. D) vary in accuracy in estimating their body size.

overestimate their body size.

If you are an overweight female teenager with an eating disorder, you are MORE likely than your peers to do all of the following EXCEPT spend more time: A) playing video games. B) on Facebook. C) surfing the Web for fashion sites. D) watching TV shows such as Gossip Girl.

playing video games.

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, but this has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would she MOST likely be diagnosed? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) postpartum D) melancholic

postpartum

A woman experiences recurrent thoughts of suicide, great sadness, and sleep disturbance. These symptoms began a week after she gave birth, and have lasted over six months. The woman is experiencing: A) the "baby blues." B) postpartum psychosis. C) hormone withdrawal syndrome. D) postpartum depression.

postpartum depression.

A behavioral therapist is MOST likely to use which of the following in treating a patient with unipolar depression? A) electroconvulsive treatments B) praise for engaging in positive activities C) insight into the underlying problem D) identification of distorted thinking and negative biases

praise for engaging in positive activities

Which one of the following is MOST consistent with a contingency management approach? A) providing sympathy when the person talks about depressed feelings B) praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities C) limiting the contact family members have with the person D) analyzing the person's irrational thoughts

praising the person for engaging in nondepressive activities

All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with bulimia EXCEPT: A) excessive exercise. B) preoccupation with food. C) forced vomiting. D) use of diuretics.

preoccupation with food.

A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is MOST likely from which orientation? A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) behavioral D) humanistic

psychodynamic

In general, object relations theorists follow which theoretical perspective? A) cognitive B) humanistic C) existential D) psychodynamic

psychodynamic

Which theoretical model is supported by the finding that monkeys separated from their mothers at birth show signs of depression? A) behavioral B) biochemical C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

psychodynamic

The clinician who would be MOST likely to say, "Tell me about any early losses you experienced" is a: A) psychodynamic clinician. B) behavioral clinician. C) cognitive clinician. D) sociocultural clinician.

psychodynamic clinician.

Free association, interpretation of associations, and dream interpretation are all techniques used primarily by: A) interpersonal therapists. B) cognitive therapists. C) couples therapists. D) psychodynamic therapists.

psychodynamic therapists.

Misusing diuretics and laxatives following a binge is a symptom of the ______ of bulimia nervosa. A) adolescent-type B) late-onset-type C) substance abuse-type D) purging-type

purging-type

A woman eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during the binge, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of: A) binge-eating disorder. B) purging-type bulimia nervosa. C) nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa. D) eating disorder not otherwise specified.

purging-type bulimia nervosa.

People with alexithymia are NOT able to: A) tell when they are hungry. B) admit what is causing their eating disorder. C) put descriptive labels on what they are feeling. D) accurately represent how large they are.

put descriptive labels on what they are feeling.

What appears to be the KEY factor in determining the types of food that are likely to be eaten in a binge? A) oral stimulation through crunchiness B) high protein through meat C) rapidity through soft texture D) taste of the food

rapidity through soft texture

In order to change the high rates of obesity among U.S. children and adolescents, which of the following should be addressed? A) rates of exercise and dietary habits B) parental attitudes toward their children C) level of prejudice against obese people D) knowledge about the physiological correlates of obesity

rates of exercise and dietary habits

Jose just saw his best friend shot and killed by a gunman who was driving through his neighborhood. A month later he is in a psychologist's office complaining that he cannot work; everything seems hopeless. There are several other symptoms consistent with these. Based on these data, the diagnosis would MOST likely be: A) recurrent depression. B) reactive depression. C) endogenous depression. D) melancholic depression.

reactive depression.

A friend of yours who has been diagnosed with depression asks you, "I'm concerned about my child; is there anything I should especially be aware of?" Of the following, your BEST answer would be, "Yes, most people with depression don't: A) read to their child." B) hug or cuddle their child." C) sing or play music with their child." D) play with their child."

read to their child."

Judith is currently experiencing a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to go to work and to take care of her children. It has lasted now for three weeks, and she has experienced similar episodes in the past. What type of major depression would she MOST likely be diagnosed with? A) seasonal B) catatonic C) recurrent D) melancholic

recurrent

According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from: A) learned helplessness. B) irrational expectations. C) regression to the oral stage. D) learned anxiety turned inward.

regression to the oral stage.

The contingency management approach is an example of the application of ______ to the treatment of depression. A) business principles B) role playing C) reinforcement D) imitation (modeling)

reinforcement

Behavioral therapy for the treatment of unipolar depression may include: A) changing irrational thoughts. B) altering interpersonal deficits. C) uncovering conflicts over loss. D) reinforcing nondepressed behavior.

reinforcing nondepressed behavior.

A talented artist is experiencing severe bipolar disorder. In terms of artistic output only, the BEST thing that artist could do is: A) decline all treatment: severe psychological disturbance is related to better artistic output. B) decline all treatment: one might lose one's creativity if there were less psychological disturbance. C) seek treatment, but only for the depression: mania is essential to better artistic output. D) seek treatment: psychological disturbance is not necessary for good artistic output.

seek treatment: psychological disturbance is not necessary for good artistic output.

Second-generation antidepressants appear to act by: A) destroying MAO. B) facilitating the reuptake process. C) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin. D) blocking the reuptake processes of all neurotransmitters more completely.

selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.

Although initially thought to be due to an excessive amount of a particular neurotransmitter, mania has been found to be due to low levels of which neurotransmitter? A) dopamine B) serotonin C) acetylcholine D) norepinephrine

serotonin

The levels of ______ are low in many people with depression and those with eating disorders. A) GABA B) serotonin C) dopamine D) norepinephrine

serotonin

Nonanorexic people who are placed on a starvation diet: A) lose weight much more slowly than anorexic people. B) have more severe medical problems than anorexic people do. C) show many of the food preoccupations of anorexia nervosa. D) lose weight in the same way that anorexic people do, but do not suffer the same food preoccupation.

show many of the food preoccupations of anorexia nervosa.

If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for a ______ cause of eating disorders. A) societal B) family C) psychological D) biological

societal

One who looks at the influence of race, living conditions, marital status, and roles on the development of depression would MOST likely represent which theoretical orientation? A) behavioral B) cognitive C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic

sociocultural

Which theoretical orientation would support the finding that Westerners experience more psychological symptoms of depression than do others around the world? A) biochemical B) cognitive C) psychoanalytic D) sociocultural

sociocultural

There are several factors related to unipolar depression-reduced positive reinforcers, gene abnormalities, and life stress, to name a few. How do these factors relate to depression? The MOST recent research shows that: A) all of these factors working together appear to be responsible for causing and maintaining depression. B) most of these factors don't appear to cause or maintain depression but are simply correlated with depressive symptoms. C) some factors may cause depression, while other factors may maintain depression. D) depression should in fact usually be considered a disease, rather than a psychological disorder.

some factors may cause depression, while other factors may maintain depression.

Which of the following would be MOST likely to cut out sweets, then eliminate more and more types of foods, but not engage in force vomiting? A) someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa B) someone experiencing purging-type anorexia C) someone experiencing bulimia nervosa D) someone experiencing acute-type bulimia

someone experiencing restricting-type anorexia nervosa

According to Martin Seligman's theory, who of the following would be most likely to develop learned helplessness? A) someone who had experienced no uncontrollable negative events, then experienced a controllable negative event. B) someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event. C) someone who had experienced controllable negative events, and then another controllable negative event. D) someone who had experienced a random sequence of controllable and uncontrollable events.

someone who had experienced uncontrollable negative events and then a controllable negative event.

For which of the following individuals is recovery from anorexia MOST likely? A) someone who is a teenager rather than a young adult B) someone who has lost a relatively large percentage of body weight C) someone who also has sex problems D) someone who enters therapy late in his or her disorder

someone who is a teenager rather than a young adult

A modern explanation of why many anorexic people continually have food-related thoughts and dreams is that: A) thoughts of food occur in order to avoid eating. B) fantasy about food fulfills basic needs of the id. C) such thoughts and dreams are the cause of food deprivation. D) such thoughts and dreams are the result of food deprivation.

such thoughts and dreams are the result of food deprivation.

According to the DSM-5, all of the following are considered symptoms of a manic episode, EXCEPT: A) distractibility. B) inflated self-esteem. C) decreased need for sleep. D) suicidal ideation.

suicidal ideation.

Anorectic patients receive a gradually increasing diet over the course of several weeks, encouragement, education, and reassurance that they will not become obese. The form of therapy they are receiving is: A) autonomy and self-awareness training. B) a correction of disturbed cognitions. C) supportive nursing care. D) changing family interactions.

supportive nursing care.

GLP-1: A) causes one to grow excessive body hair. B) helps determine the weight set point. C) causes one to eat uncontrollably. D) suppresses appetite.

suppresses appetite.

What is the first type of food usually eliminated from the diet of the developing restricting- type anorexic person? A) meat B) sweets C) breads D) nuts and grains

sweets

Support for the idea that mood disorders set the stage for eating disorders comes from evidence that shows: A) high levels of serotonin in the brain. B) that eating disorders have been successfully treated using anti-anxiety medication. C) that close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of mood disorders. D) that people with eating disorders are not more likely themselves to be diagnosed with depression.

that close relatives of people with eating disorders have a high rate of mood disorders.

A woman who has just given birth is anxious, has trouble sleeping, and feels sad. These symptoms diminish in the next couple of weeks. What she has experienced is most likely: A) the "baby blues," something experienced by under half of new mothers. B) the "baby blues," something experienced by over half of new mothers. C) postpartum depression, something experienced by over half of new mothers. D) postpartum depression, something experienced by under half of new mothers.

the "baby blues," something experienced by under half of new mothers.

The "weight set point" is: A) the weight a person is predisposed to maintain. B) the body's natural weight. C) the ideal weight that a person desires to achieve. D) the average weight for people of the same height.

the body's natural weight.

The push for independence threatens the enmeshed family pattern when: A) the child becomes anxious and this produces anorexia nervosa. B) the stress of the situation leads to eating disorders. C) the child takes on a sick role to allow the family to live in harmony. D) the child tries harder to adhere to the social view of physical perfection.

the child takes on a sick role to allow the family to live in harmony.

Ugo Cerletti, the first psychiatrist to use ECT effectively, later abandoned the procedure, MOST likely because of: A) the advent of antipsychotic medications. B) the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints. C) the trend toward using bilateral rather than unilateral shock. D) better results from using insulin.

the likelihood that convulsions caused by it would result in broken bones and dislocated joints.

Electroconvulsive therapy would be MOST recommended when: A) depression is mild to moderate. B) the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs. C) suicide is not judged to be a significant risk. D) the patient first comes to therapy.

the patient has not responded to antidepressant drugs.

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea, vomiting, sluggishness, tremors, and seizures, one would suspect: A) the person was not experiencing bipolar disorder. B) the person was experiencing lithium intoxication. C) the dose was too low. D) the person needs adjunctive therapy.

the person was experiencing lithium intoxication.

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the cultural-sensitive therapy movement? A) therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists B) an awareness of the impact of the dominant culture on the self-views of the minority client C) special cultural training for majority therapists D) efforts to help minority clients establish a bicultural balance in their lives

therapy for minority clients delivered exclusively by minority therapists

Serotonin levels are low in those with eating disorders and in those with obsessive- compulsive disorder and depression. This means that: A) low serotonin causes all three disorders. B) all the disorders cause serotonin to decrease. C) there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation. D) if we raise serotonin levels, we will cure eating disorders.

there is a relationship, but no evidence of causation.

Recent research using genetic linkage studies has looked for possible patterns of inheritance of bipolar disorders. The results suggest that: A) there does not appear to be a genetic component in the development of bipolar disorders. B) there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop bipolar disorders. C) the close relatives of people with bipolar disorders have an 80 percent chance of having one of these disorders. D) careful studies in other countries suggest that environmental factors are of far greater importance than genetic factors in the development of bipolar disorders.

there may be several different genes that establish a predisposition to develop bipolar disorders.

Researchers were searching for drugs to treat schizophrenia when they came across imipramine, which alleviated the symptoms of depression, although it was not effective against schizophrenia. It became the first of a class of drugs, all sharing a similar molecular structure, called: A) tyramine. B) tricyclics. C) neuroleptics. D) MAO inhibitors.

tricyclics.

Bulimia is always characterized by: A) uncontrollable overeating. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder C) fasting and frantic exercise. D) being underweight.

uncontrollable overeating

A person suspected of having unipolar depression has a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, although it produces a normal number of new neurons. This is: A) normal. B) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. C) unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons. D) very unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a normal-sized hippocampus, causing it to produce a normal number of new neurons.

unusual; those with unipolar depression usually have a smaller-than-normal hippocampus, causing it to produce a low number of new neurons.

If a study showed that both monozygotic twins had about a 45 percent chance of having unipolar depression when their twin had unipolar depression, this would provide: A) very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. B) moderate support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. C) strong support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression. D) near-certain support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.

very little support for the existence of a genetic factor in unipolar depression.

A man diagnosed with major depressive disorder exhibited his first diagnosable symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those experiencing major depressive disorder, his case is: A) common: most people with this diagnosis are men in their early to mid 40s. B) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their early to mid 40s. C) uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are men in their mid to late 20s D) very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s

very uncommon: most people with this diagnosis are women in their mid to late 20s

Assume that a new study suggests the corpus callosum may cause unipolar depression by moving messages too slowly from one cerebral hemisphere to the other. This study would be: A) very unusual; previous studies have most strongly connected other brain areas to depression. B) one-of-a-kind; previous studies do not connect specific brain areas to depression. C) unusual; only a few previous studies connect this brain area to depression. D) expected; many previous studies connect this brain area to depression. This study is a replication.

very unusual; previous studies have most strongly connected other brain areas to depression.

People experiencing mania: A) are acutely aware of their domineering, excessive behaviors. B) want excitement and companionship. C) enthusiastically long for new friends, but ignore old friends. D) enthusiastically look for old friends, but ignore new friends.

want excitement and companionship.

People who take MAO inhibitors and want to decrease the risk of negative side effects would make the greatest changes in which aspect of life? A) what they eat B) the type and amount of exercise they get C) their sex lives D) the amount of time they could spend in the sun

what they eat

When is couple therapy preferable to individual therapy? A) when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount B) when one person has a serious mental illness C) when medication has not been successful D) when there is a serious lack of extended familial support

when relationship conflicts and role transitions are paramount