PSYC Exam 1 - (Proctor)
which of the following diagnostic tools involves injecting a person with radioactive glucose to map the brain function
PET scan
____focuses more on the impact that environment conditions can have on mental disorders
Psychiatric social workers
pavlov showed that ___could be induced by a formerly unrelated stimulus
a reflex
the sense of pain can be diminshed by
a sense of control
the first identified neurotransmitter was
acetylcholine
it is now known that the brain can change itself quite a bit by____neurons.
adapting
stress-related hormones are selected by the
adrenal glands
___carries messages from the senses to the spinal cord
afferent neruons
____carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord
afferent neurons
when applying the basic principles of critical thinking, it is important to remember that
all evidence is not equal in quality
of the neurotransmitter affected by an antagonist is inhibitory itself, the result will be____in the activity of the cell
an increase
a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans.
animals can be used in ways that researchers could never use humans studying long term effects is much easier
when you smell beaking bread, the bread odor particles
are in the nose
rods...
are reonsible for peripheral vision
in the figure-ground relationship, one has a tendency to perceive objects
as exisiting on a background
in the figure-ground relationship, one has the tendency to percieve objects
as existing on a background
the amplitude of light wave determines
brightness
in some animals, seasonal behaviors such as breeding and molting are influenced by
melationin
the cognitive perspective focuses on
memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning
the nerves carrying messages from the CNS to the voluntary muscles comprise the
motor pathway
___are the basic cells that make up the nervous system and recieve and send messages withing that system
neurons
the ability of the brain to change both structure and function of many cells in response to experience is called
neuroplasticity
must have a medical degree
pyschiatrist
a molecule is to a ____ as a key is to a keyhole
receptor site
long wavelengths at the ___ end of the visible spectrum, wheras short wavelengths are at the __ end.
red; blue
scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because
researchers studying the same things will gain from what has been already learned
unkike other glands, such as salivary or sweat glands, endocrine glands
secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream
gestalt psychologists devoted most of their research to studying
sensation and perception
gustration refers to the
sense of taste
when you smell the odor of the garbage can in the kitchen when you first come home, then after a while the smell seems to go away, you are experinecing
sensory adaptation
a person will percieve a coin as a circle even if it is held at an angle to appear to the eye as an oval because of
shape constancy
the psycodynamic persepctive draws from the work of?
sigmund freud
who believed that personality was formed in the first 6 years of life
sigmund freud
the ___ have to do with touch, pressure, temp, and pain
skin senses
the ___is the cell body, which contains the nucleus
soma
cooking grease splatters john whille he is making breakfast, and he quickly jumps away from the stove. the pain he experiences is best described as ___ pain.
somatic
the____is the division of the peripheral nervous system that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system (CNS) and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body
somatic nervous system
scientists have learned a great deal about specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain by studying
split-brain patients
___can become other cells, such as blood cells, nerve cells, and brain cells, when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear
stem cells
the image projected on the retina is
upside down and reveresed from left to right
the image projected on the retina is
upside down and reversed from left to right
wever and bray theorized that groups of auditory neurons take turns firing in a process called
volleying
amplitude is interpreted as
volume
mary cover jones research with a ___focused on counterconditiong
white rabbit
low levels of serotonin activity have been linked to
depression
the capability to see the world in three dimensions is called
depth perception
____was denied a PH.D because she was a woman
mary whiton calkins
animals are used in about __ percent of all psyhcological studies
7
generally, taste receptors need to be replaced every ___ days
10-14
full dark adaptation, such as going from the constant light to sudden darkness when turning out one's bedrooms lights, takes about
30 minutes
the theory of operant condtioning pwad developed by
B.F. Skinner
journals in which research is reviewed by other experts in the field are
called "peer reviewed"
the case of Phineas George was perfect for
case study
if juan has trouble walking and writing, he may have a damaged
cerebellum
behaviorism influenced the field of
cognitive psychology
pavlovs work with dogs focused on the concept of
conditioning
it is the combination of ___ and the rate at which they are firing that determine the cilor that is seen
cones
children experiencing ___ csnnont feel pain when they cut or scrape themselves
congenitsl analgesia
the olfactory bulbs are located
directly below the frontal lobes
when neurons fire and transmit messages, they
do so in an all or none fashion
the parasympathetic division could be called the
eat-drink-and-rest system
the process by which the structure of a neurotransmitter is altered so that it can no longer act on a receptor is
enzymatic degradation
the best method to use to determine the cause of a behavior is the
experiment
testing the hypothesis is all about the goal of ___ a behavior
explaining
the statment,"women avoid computer science because it is sterotypically dominated by males leading many woment to feel the field is not accesible to them" is an...
explanation
otolith organs
found just above the cochlea
in opponent-process theory, there are ___ primary colors
four
ninety percent of the brain is
glial cells
melatonin and thyroxin are examples of
hormones
hispanic psychologist Jorge Sanchez is known for his research on
intelligence tests and their cultural biases
the research of ernest weber ked to the formulation of a theory of
just noticeable differences
the bystander effect says that ppl in a crowd are ___ help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing someone in need of help in the absence of others
less likely to
the tendency for lines that are parallel to seem to converge, as when you look down a long interstate highway, is
linear persepective
___refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect
observer bias
A(n)___specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment
opertational definition
___ are just beneath the skin and respond to pressure only
pacinain corpuscles
free nerves endings respond to
pain
the outer ear consists of the
pinna, auditory canal, and ear drum
___ refers to the inability to focus on close objects as a result of age-related hardening of the lens
presbyopia
research involving illusions
provides valuable information about how the sensory receptors and sense organs work
thomas youngs theory of color vision
suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones
artists use the trick of __ to give the illusion of depth in a painting
texture gradient
brightness is determined by
the amplitude of the wave
when a person conducting an experiment influences the outcome of the test, it is called
the experimenter effect
sound waves and light waves share
the properties of wavelength, amplitutde, and purity
during___sodium ions cannot enter the cell
the resting potential
for a neuron to fire, it takes a stimulus that is just storng enough to get past its
threshold
if you stare at something for a long time, it does not disappear becuase
tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see
the thalamus can be linked to a
triage nurse
everyone has ___ adrenal glands
two
lindemann propossed that the most recent taste to be indentified should be called
umami