PSYC Exam 1 - (Proctor)

which of the following diagnostic tools involves injecting a person with radioactive glucose to map the brain function

PET scan

____focuses more on the impact that environment conditions can have on mental disorders

Psychiatric social workers

pavlov showed that ___could be induced by a formerly unrelated stimulus

a reflex

the sense of pain can be diminshed by

a sense of control

the first identified neurotransmitter was

acetylcholine

it is now known that the brain can change itself quite a bit by____neurons.

adapting

stress-related hormones are selected by the

adrenal glands

___carries messages from the senses to the spinal cord

afferent neruons

____carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord

afferent neurons

when applying the basic principles of critical thinking, it is important to remember that

all evidence is not equal in quality

of the neurotransmitter affected by an antagonist is inhibitory itself, the result will be____in the activity of the cell

an increase

a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans.

animals can be used in ways that researchers could never use humans studying long term effects is much easier

when you smell beaking bread, the bread odor particles

are in the nose

rods...

are reonsible for peripheral vision

in the figure-ground relationship, one has a tendency to perceive objects

as exisiting on a background

in the figure-ground relationship, one has the tendency to percieve objects

as existing on a background

the amplitude of light wave determines

brightness

in some animals, seasonal behaviors such as breeding and molting are influenced by

melationin

the cognitive perspective focuses on

memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

the nerves carrying messages from the CNS to the voluntary muscles comprise the

motor pathway

___are the basic cells that make up the nervous system and recieve and send messages withing that system

neurons

the ability of the brain to change both structure and function of many cells in response to experience is called

neuroplasticity

must have a medical degree

pyschiatrist

a molecule is to a ____ as a key is to a keyhole

receptor site

long wavelengths at the ___ end of the visible spectrum, wheras short wavelengths are at the __ end.

red; blue

scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has been already learned

unkike other glands, such as salivary or sweat glands, endocrine glands

secrete chemicals directly into the bloodstream

gestalt psychologists devoted most of their research to studying

sensation and perception

gustration refers to the

sense of taste

when you smell the odor of the garbage can in the kitchen when you first come home, then after a while the smell seems to go away, you are experinecing

sensory adaptation

a person will percieve a coin as a circle even if it is held at an angle to appear to the eye as an oval because of

shape constancy

the psycodynamic persepctive draws from the work of?

sigmund freud

who believed that personality was formed in the first 6 years of life

sigmund freud

the ___ have to do with touch, pressure, temp, and pain

skin senses

the ___is the cell body, which contains the nucleus

soma

cooking grease splatters john whille he is making breakfast, and he quickly jumps away from the stove. the pain he experiences is best described as ___ pain.

somatic

the____is the division of the peripheral nervous system that carries information from the senses to the central nervous system (CNS) and from the CNS to the voluntary muscles of the body

somatic nervous system

scientists have learned a great deal about specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain by studying

split-brain patients

___can become other cells, such as blood cells, nerve cells, and brain cells, when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear

stem cells

the image projected on the retina is

upside down and reveresed from left to right

the image projected on the retina is

upside down and reversed from left to right

wever and bray theorized that groups of auditory neurons take turns firing in a process called

volleying

amplitude is interpreted as

volume

mary cover jones research with a ___focused on counterconditiong

white rabbit

low levels of serotonin activity have been linked to

depression

the capability to see the world in three dimensions is called

depth perception

____was denied a PH.D because she was a woman

mary whiton calkins

animals are used in about __ percent of all psyhcological studies

7

generally, taste receptors need to be replaced every ___ days

10-14

full dark adaptation, such as going from the constant light to sudden darkness when turning out one's bedrooms lights, takes about

30 minutes

the theory of operant condtioning pwad developed by

B.F. Skinner

journals in which research is reviewed by other experts in the field are

called "peer reviewed"

the case of Phineas George was perfect for

case study

if juan has trouble walking and writing, he may have a damaged

cerebellum

behaviorism influenced the field of

cognitive psychology

pavlovs work with dogs focused on the concept of

conditioning

it is the combination of ___ and the rate at which they are firing that determine the cilor that is seen

cones

children experiencing ___ csnnont feel pain when they cut or scrape themselves

congenitsl analgesia

the olfactory bulbs are located

directly below the frontal lobes

when neurons fire and transmit messages, they

do so in an all or none fashion

the parasympathetic division could be called the

eat-drink-and-rest system

the process by which the structure of a neurotransmitter is altered so that it can no longer act on a receptor is

enzymatic degradation

the best method to use to determine the cause of a behavior is the

experiment

testing the hypothesis is all about the goal of ___ a behavior

explaining

the statment,"women avoid computer science because it is sterotypically dominated by males leading many woment to feel the field is not accesible to them" is an...

explanation

otolith organs

found just above the cochlea

in opponent-process theory, there are ___ primary colors

four

ninety percent of the brain is

glial cells

melatonin and thyroxin are examples of

hormones

hispanic psychologist Jorge Sanchez is known for his research on

intelligence tests and their cultural biases

the research of ernest weber ked to the formulation of a theory of

just noticeable differences

the bystander effect says that ppl in a crowd are ___ help someone in trouble as compared to a person witnessing someone in need of help in the absence of others

less likely to

the tendency for lines that are parallel to seem to converge, as when you look down a long interstate highway, is

linear persepective

___refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect

observer bias

A(n)___specifically names the steps that the experimenter must use to control or measure the variables in the experiment

opertational definition

___ are just beneath the skin and respond to pressure only

pacinain corpuscles

free nerves endings respond to

pain

the outer ear consists of the

pinna, auditory canal, and ear drum

___ refers to the inability to focus on close objects as a result of age-related hardening of the lens

presbyopia

research involving illusions

provides valuable information about how the sensory receptors and sense organs work

thomas youngs theory of color vision

suggested that color vision is made possible by red, blue, and green cones

artists use the trick of __ to give the illusion of depth in a painting

texture gradient

brightness is determined by

the amplitude of the wave

when a person conducting an experiment influences the outcome of the test, it is called

the experimenter effect

sound waves and light waves share

the properties of wavelength, amplitutde, and purity

during___sodium ions cannot enter the cell

the resting potential

for a neuron to fire, it takes a stimulus that is just storng enough to get past its

threshold

if you stare at something for a long time, it does not disappear becuase

tiny movements of the eyes keep them from adapting to what they see

the thalamus can be linked to a

triage nurse

everyone has ___ adrenal glands

two

lindemann propossed that the most recent taste to be indentified should be called

umami