PSYC Final Ch. 12 Part 1

Kaitlyn's friends were planning to go to a movie around 11 that night - past Kaitlyn's curfew. To get permission to stay out late, Kaitlyn plans to use the foot-in-the-door strategy. What might she do? a.) First, she will ask her mother if she can borrow the car to go out. Then, after her mother agrees, she will request to stay out past curfew. b.) First, she will ask for permission to take the car and sleep over at a friend's house. Then, after her mother says no, she will ask if she can just stay out past curfew instead. c.) First, she will ask permission to go out. Then, she will stay out late without permission and ask for forgiveness later. d.) First, she will butter up her mother by making her breakfast and coffee. Then, she will ask to stay out past curfew.

a.) First, she will ask her mother if she can borrow the car to go out. Then, after her mother agrees, she will request to stay out past curfew.

According to years of research, people witnessing someone in need are less likely to help when which of these is true? a.) There are many bystanders. b.) The need for help is clear. c.) There is little personal cost in helping. d.) There is a lack of anonymity.

a.) There are many bystanders.

Patti is fairly reserved and tends to be a wallflower. But last night, at a rock concert, she felt her inhibitions disappear, and she danced right along with the rest of the crowd. What process affected Patti? a.) deindividuation b.) social facilitation c.) groupthink d.) risky-shift effect

a.) deindividuation

The first time she had bubble tea, Maria thought it was weird and gross, but all of her friends loved the strange tapioca in the bottom of their drinks and often drank it in front of her, so Maria decided to give it another try. What shaped her attitude toward bubble tea? a.) mere exposure effect b.) classical conditioning c.) operant conditioning d.) attitude accessibility

a.) mere exposure effect

During her first week in college, Francesca wondered which people in her hall she would befriend. Who of the following is most likely to become Francesca's friend? a.) Nancy, who is a bit older and much more attractive than Francesca b.) Carly, who is the same age and race as Francesca c.) Devon, who is older and appears to be from a much wealthier family d.) Tina, whose admirable personality characteristics are apparent

b.) Carly, who is the same age and race as Francesca

According to research, which of the following is a behavior demonstrated by happy couples? a.) Happy couples attribute good outcomes to situations. b.) Happy couples express concern for each other even when disagreeing. c.) Happy couples are able to mentally withdraw from their relationship. d.) Happy couples are realistic, not idealistic.

b.) Happy couples express concern for each other even when disagreeing.

Jacob needs a few extra bucks to fill his gas tank. His dad does not like giving him money, so although Jacob only needs about $20, he asks his dad for $50. The plan works perfectly. While his dad scoffs at the request for $50, he hands over $20 without his usual balking. Which technique has Jacob used? a.) foot in the door b.) door in the face c.) lowballing d.) buttering up

b.) door in the face

Dominic just saw a red truck rear-end a little white sedan at a stoplight. When the teenage driver of the truck stepped out, Dominic felt sure that the teen was careless, texting while driving, or both. Dominic's bias can be explained by which of the following? a.) cognitive dissonance b.) the fundamental attribution error c.) situational attributions d.) subtyping

b.) the fundamental attribution error

Which of these scenarios explains how mere exposure has shaped Jess's attitude toward edamame? a.) Jess never really liked the tiny green beans, but her friends love them so much that she now orders them when she is out with a group. b.) Jess's crush loves edamame and always orders it, so now Jess has a positive association with the tiny green beans and has started eating them herself. c.) Jess didn't initially like the tiny green beans, but they keep showing up at mealtime, and Jess no longer minds. d.) Jess was forced to eat edamame as a child, and so as an adult, she really cannot stand the tiny green beans.

c.) Jess didn't initially like the tiny green beans, but they keep showing up at mealtime, and Jess no longer minds.

Lynn was not sure which job candidate to hire, since they all had a handful of strengths and weaknesses. After choosing Dennis, however, she experienced postdecisional dissonance. In other words, what might have happened? a.) Lynn had immediate regrets. She focused on Dennis's weaknesses and kept thinking about the strengths of the candidates she had rejected. b.) Lynn was happy with Dennis, but she also realized that all the candidates would probably have performed equivalently in the job - there was no point in worrying about her choice. c.) Lynn became glad she had chosen Dennis, who had some notable strengths. When she thought about the other candidates, their weaknesses were at the front of her mind. d.) Lynn was not unhappy with Dennis, but having to make the decision left her unsatisfied somehow. She probably would have been happier if she had had fewer options.

c.) Lynn became glad she had chosen Dennis, who had some notable strengths. When she thought about the other candidates, their weaknesses were at the front of her mind.

Which story most accurately demonstrates what social psychologists know about the roles of competition and cooperation in prejudice? a.) Tyler and Venk have been friends since middle school. Now they go to different high schools, but although their schools are rivals, Tyler and Venk have grown closer because they have more to talk about. b.) Max and Gabe were close friends in middle school, but then they played on two different soccer teams. The boys stopped hanging out as much, and there was even a bit of hostility. Eventually, they were assigned to do a class project together, but they were unable to cooperate, so they got a bad grade on the project. c.) Rupert and Sean had always been rivals in school. It did not help that they played on different club hockey teams. However, after being paired together for a science project, they realized they had a lot in common and became friends. d.) Lyle and Randall have not gotten along since they had to work together on a science project. Although they earned an A, they probably spent too much time together, and their friendship never really recovered.

c.) Rupert and Sean had always been rivals in school. It did not help that they played on different club hockey teams. However, after being paired together for a science project, they realized they had a lot in common and became friends.

Which of the following statements about relationships is least accurate? a.) High school students tend to be friends with those of the same sex, race, and year in school. b.) College roommates who are most similar at the beginning of the year are most likely to become good friends. c.) The most successful romantic couples are couples with opposite traits. d.) People with similar levels of attractiveness tend to like each other more than people who are dissimilar.

c.) The most successful romantic couples are couples with opposite traits.

Sylvia is home alone with nothing to do except watch television. She finds herself paying close attention to an infomercial, which outlines five good reasons she should purchase her own food dehydrator. Sylvia is persuaded and decides to place an order. According to the elaboration likelihood model, this infomercial's persuasion took which route? a.) strong b.) weak c.) central d.) peripheral

c.) central

Sharon's daughter just got engaged to her longtime boyfriend, Ted, but Sharon is not happy about this news. Ted does not have a stable job, and he is also a bit overweight, both of which lead Sharon to believe that Ted is lazy. Sharon struggles with her weight too, but she blames this on her thyroid problem. Sharon's assessment of Ted is an example of which of the following biases? a.) actor/observer discrepancy b.) stereotyping c.) fundamental attribution error d.) prejudice

c.) fundamental attribution error

Carl's first job was as a camp counselor. The hours were grueling, and the pay was practically nothing. Carl spent most of the summer broke, miserable, and wondering why he had accepted the job. However, ten years later, his outlook was different. He remembered this job fondly and considered it a worthwhile life experience. Which effect describes his shift in thinking? a.) insufficient justification b.) postdecisional dissonance c.) justification of effort d.) central route

c.) justification of effort

Tonya knows that people seeing her billboard will be busy driving or talking or otherwise distracted. Instead of outlining thoughtful reasons for why people should call her real estate firm, she decides to limit the billboard to a picture of a beautiful house with an attractive, happy family standing out front. According to researchers Petty and Cacioppo, which route will the information on the billboard target? a.) strong b.) weak c.) peripheral d.) central

c.) peripheral

Which scenario is an example of the type of attribution Sheila would make if she and John were in an unhappy marriage? a.) When John brings Sheila a box of her favorite chocolates, Sheila marvels at how thoughtful and generous John is. b.) When John forgets their anniversary, Sheila attributes his forgetfulness to a stressful project John is currently working on. c.) Sheila hates that John works late so often, but she is glad he is a responsible, hardworking person. d.) When John cooks Sheila a romantic dinner, Sheila immediately wonders whether John is making up for a bad deed.

d.) When John cooks Sheila a romantic dinner, Sheila immediately wonders whether John is making up for a bad deed.

Although several people were nearby when the old man collapsed in the park, nobody immediately stepped forward to help. What term describes this failure of the observers to offer help? a.) altruism b.) prosocial behavior c.) reciprocal helping d.) bystander apathy

d.) bystander apathy

The Jingle Belles acappella group is considering new members cautiously. Each new member has a big effect on the rest of the group, so tryouts are lengthy, and personality plays a role too. When considering whether to admit Destiny to the group, the current members are initially somewhat skeptical. After discussing Destiny's vocal skills and other social factors, the group becomes even more skeptical and decides not to risk adding Destiny to their roster. What is this phenomenon called? a.) social loafing b.) social facilitation c.) deindividuation d.) group polarization

d.) group polarization

Maya and her family moved into a new house over the summer, and she dreaded having to start at a new school, where she would have to interact with girls whom her old friends had despised. However, after a few weeks in the new school, Maya realized that both groups of girls were pretty similar. Maya's experience dispelled her a.) discrimination. b.) fundamental attribution error. c.) deindividuation. d.) prejudice.

d.) prejudice.