Psyc Unit 7 SG

People can most readily detect the emotion of __________in a set of facial expressions.

Anger

Leptin, a protein that causes hunger when its levels are low, is secreted by

Fat cells

In order to reduce risk of heart disease, people should attempt to reduce their levels of

Pessimism

What do we call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior?

Motivation

Briefly explain how each of the following theorists would view personality measurement, using appropriate psychological terminology. - Psychodynamic theorists - Humanistic theorists - Trait theorists

The psychodynamic theorists of personality emphasize the importance of early childhood experiences and the unconscious mind. The humanistic theorists of personality focus on psychological growth, free will, and personal awareness and is centered on how each person can achieve their individual potential. The trait theorists of personality are centered on identifying, describing and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality.

Which psychologist is incorrectly matched with the theory?

Maslow - Trait

__________ is/are the main female sex hormone(s).

The estrogens

When asked "What is it that makes your life meaningful?", people are most likely to answer:

Close relationships

Cylee is thirsty and takes a drink. Her motivation to reduce the need for water is best explained by

Drive-reduction theory

Albert Bandura proposed the social-cognitive perspective, which

Emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations

Seligman's positive psychology seeks to

Enable people to flourish

Critics of humanistic psychology have suggested that this theory fails to appreciate the reality of our human capacity for which of the following?

Evil

Athletes who often privately credit their victories to their own abilities, and their losses to bad breaks, lousy officiating, or the other team's exceptional performance, are exhibiting which psychological concept?

The self-serving bias

The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from where?

Adrenal glands

Which of the following has shown effectiveness in improving sleep, reducing depression, and increasing heart and lung fitness?

Aerobic exercise

Emily's family has been traumatized by a recent hurricane in Puerto Rico. described in terms of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), which phase would they have experienced first?

Alarm

Which one of the following statements about stress is true?

Surgical wounds heal more slowly in stressed people.

Which of the following would be most difficult to explain using Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

An athlete follows a "no pain, no gain" motto rather than stopping for rest and nourishment.

Marcelo has a good job, a nice house, and plenty of food. On weekends, he skydives for fun. His weekend behavior is best explained by which of the following theories?

Arousal

Factor analysis is the test-development strategy that

Looks to find items on a test that differentiate between groups and chooses those items for the test

When individuals were placed on a semistarvation diet, researchers found that these individuals

Lost interest in social activities

Research on facial expressions and gestures has found that

Facial expressions tend to be universally understood, and gestures tend to be culture-specific

Which psychological concept would predict hat smiling warmly on the outside would cause you to feel better on the inside?

Facial feedback effect

Which of the following is the best biological explanation for why the human body stores fat?

Fat is a fuel reserve during periods when food is scarce.

Someone from a collectivist culture is more likely to do what?

Give priority to group goals

Researchers studying the relationship between heavy internet use and grades have found that

High use is negatively correlated with grades

A hungry person eats in order to maintain an internal balance known as

Homeostasis

At the end of your summer barbeque, you are feeling very full due to the activity of your

Hypothalamus

A question on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) such as "I get angry sometimes" is included to determine what about the test-taker?

If the person is answering the questions truthfully

Julia is experiencing very positive emotions. A brain scan would indicate high levels of activity in her

Left frontal lobe

The most widely used scientifically validated personality test is the

MMPI-2

Which of the following is an example of the feel-good, do-good phenomenon?

Niko is praised by his teacher and later volunteers to help his mother clean the garage.

Attempts to control social behavior by using the punishing effects of isolation is an example of

Ostracism

Peyton sits by herself most days at lunch because her friends are refusing to speak to her. Her friends are demonstrating

Ostracism

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law

Performance is generally best when there is a moderate amount of pressure

Which term describes questionnaires that cover a wide range of feelings and behaviors and are designed to assess several traits?

Personality inventories

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that

Physiological response and emotion occur independently and simultaneously

Elaine's friends know that she should never be trusted with a secret, as she will tell everyone almost immediately. Elaine, however, complains that her friends can't be trusted. Elaine is making use of the defense mechanism of

Projection

Which term best describes the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes affect our health?

Psychoneuroimmunology

Children's TV-viewing habits (past behavior) influence their viewing preferences (internal personal factor), which influence how television (environmental factor) affects their current behavior. What is this an example of?

Reciprocal determinism

The Evers' new neighbors make more money and drive nicer cars than the Evers. The Evers used to be content with what they had, but they are now jealous of the status of their new neighbors. The best explanation for this change is

Relative deprivation

According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following defense mechanisms buries threatening or upsetting events in the unconscious?

Repression

After an alarming event, your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration are high, and you have an outpouring of hormones/ Hans Selye would most likely guess that you are in which general adaptation syndrome phase?

Resistance

Emotions are a mix of consciously experienced thoughts, expressive behaviors, and physiological arousal. Which theory emphasized the importance of cognition in emotion?

Schacter-Singer two-factor theory

Which term is defined as all the thoughts and feelings we have in response to the question, "Who am I?"

Self-concept

Paola and Juliana went to a baseball game and were shown on the centerfield screen. Juliana was embarrassed, because she had mustard on her face from her hot dog. In reality, no one in the crowd noticed the mustard. Juliana was overestimating how much attention people were paying to her due to the

Spotlight effect

In Brad Bushman and Roy Baumeister's research, how did people with unrealistically high self-esteem react when they were criticized?

They became exceptionally aggressive

Which of the following is the best term or phrase for a characteristic pattern o f behavior or a disposition to feel and act?

Trait

A person who eats excessively and never seems to feel full may have which of the following conditions?

Tumor in the hypothalamus

Roberto is an angry person who is prone to outbursts throughout the day. Psychologists would describe him as having a(n) __________ personality.

Type A

Carl Rogers felt that we are our best selves when we feel accepted for who we are. What did he call this accepting attitude?

Unconditional positive regard