Psych 102 FINAL.
Which comment is MOST likely to be made by the leader of a group characterized by groupthink?
"We have been united on matters in the past, and I hope that will continue."
At some point during their lifetime, depression has plagued about _____percent of Canadian adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24.
11
About one in _____people diagnosed with depression is simply struggling with the emotional impact of a significant loss.
4
On any given day in December, 1 in _____women will say that she cried that day
5
The risk of suicide is _____times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have no
5
Although half of all adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, only about _____percent go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
5 to 10
In about _____percent of the cases, people experiencing depression also exhibit signs of another disorder, such as anxiety or substance use.
50
exposure therapy
An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response
_____refers to the positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging circumstances. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Posttraumatic growth
multiple personality disorder
Psychological disorder that occurs when a person has two or more distinct, well-developed personalities.
mood stabilizing drugs
Reduce the shifts in mood in bipolar disorder.
_____goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.
Superordinate
Alberto struggles with anxiety. His friend, Miguel, encourages him to deal with the problem by taking a Xanax. What is a possible argument against this advice?
While drugs reduce symptoms in the moment, they do not address the source of the problem.
Although no more effective in controlling schizophrenia symptoms, many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperdal and _____, have fewer side effects.
Zyprexa
Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that
a higher than average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is MOST likely to be associated with:
a manic episode
An episode of intense dread, accompanied by trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations and by feelings of terror, is called
a panic attack
Stimulus generalization
a person experiences a fearful event and later develops a fear of similar events.
fugue state
a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation
behavior therapy
a treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements
Conformity is best described as
adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard
Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-first century, especially among
ages 19 and under
bipolar depression
alternating feelings of depression and overexcited hyperactivity
The textbook suggests that people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a more sensitive emotion-processing limbic system than other people do. Based on this information, the function of the _____may be different among people with PTSD than among other people.
amygdala
Drugs known as _____work by depressing the central nervous system.
anti anxiety medications
People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:
are tense and apprehensive most of the time.
Social thinking is to _____as social influence is to _____.
attitude; obedience
dissociative identity disorder is controversial because...
because it is almost never reported outside north America
____is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning.
biomedical therapy
In order to consider the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing, a _____approach to therapy may be MOST useful.
biopsychosocial
Many psychologists reject the "disorders-as-illness" view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved -- for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ___________ approach.
biopsychosocial
Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is MOST likely that Boris is suffering from _____disorder.
bipolar
The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she has the power. Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____disorder. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
bipolar
_____is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.
bipolar disorder
antipsychotic drugs
block dopamine receptors
States of depression are found in _____disorder.
both major depressive disorder and bipolar
This occurs MOST often when people are naturally analytical or involved in an issue.
central route persuasion
Using _____, researchers have created chronically anxious, ulcer-prone rats by giving them unpredictable electric shocks.
classical conditioning
Of the perspectives on anxiety disorders discussed in the textbook, the _____perspective is MOST likely to emphasize hypervigilance toward anxiety-related stimuli.
cognative
Thoughts, memories, interpretations, and expectations are collectively referred to as _____.
cognition
During a test, Jack impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. The theory that explains Jack's behavior is _____theory.
cognitive dissonance
the learning perspective proposes that phobias are
conditioned fears
Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is demonstrating a false belief called a(n) _____.
delusion
A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience
delusions
Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax _____nervous system activity.
depress central
antianxiety drugs
depress neural activity, calms mood
Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and _____.
depression
T. J. seems to have stopped caring about his own life. He has lost interest in his work and his usual social activities. Sometimes he wonders if living is worth the effort. T. J. is MOST likely suffering from a(n):
depressive disorder.
Altruism
described as behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others.
According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others:
diminishes performance on difficult or new tasks.
dissociative disorders
disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), children and adolescents who are persistently irritable and who have frequent outbursts are diagnosed with _____disorder.
disruptive mood dysregulation
Seven-year-old Lindsay is easily upset. She often throws dramatic fits, and her parents often feel as if they are walking on eggshells around her. Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Lindsay might be diagnosed with _____disorder.
disruptive mood dysregulation
Antipsychotic drugs are to _____as a cork is to a _____.
dopamine receptors; bottle
This risk of a panic attack is _____by the use of nicotine.
doubled
Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. One type of treatment that might bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is:
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Alexandra is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Alexandra's behavior would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of:
empathy
Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
epigenetic
According to the textbook, 9-month-old infants attend more to sounds representing ancient threats, such as thunder, than to sounds representing modern dangers, such as gunfire. This BEST supports the role of _____in anxiety.
evolution
We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the ___ - ___ - ___ - ___ phenomenon.
foot in the door
You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as the _____phenomenon.
foot in the door
Christine thinks her job's strict lateness policy is an indication of her boss's overly controlling personality, rather than a necessity dictated by the company's high sales goal (her boss has to report how many shoes were sold each day to the corporate headquarters). Her judgment BEST illustrates the _____error.
fundamental attribution
People who suffer from _____disorder are tense and apprehensive most of the time.
generalized anxiety
Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of ______________ ______________ disorder.
generalized anxiety
Which phenomenon BEST explains the rise of fascism in the 1930s?
group polarization
Louis is an expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on his choice of scales. Louis decides to change his opinion for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates:
groupthink
Which phenomenon was at least partially responsible for the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the escalation of the Vietnam War, the U.S. Watergate cover-up, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, the U.S. space shuttle Challengerexplosion, and the Iraq War? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
groupthink
People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) ____________.
hallucinations
If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertiveand boldas strong when the words are associated with female faces, rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate _____prejudice.
implicit
Morris is a Republican, and Dion is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief BEST illustrates _____bias.
in-group
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
inappropriate behaviors are present , hallucinations, inappropriate behaviors are present
Antidepressants
increase serotonin and norepinephrine
a personality disorder, such as antisocial personality is characterized by...
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
During a discussion, Dr. Mansfield argues that Asch's participants conformed to the confederates' responses because they wished to be correct about the lengths of the lines in the experiment. Dr. Roach counters that the participants conformed because they simply sought the confederates' approval. Dr. Mansfield is suggesting that Asch's conformity is an example of _____social influence. Dr. Roach is suggesting instead that it reflects _____ social influence.
informational; normative
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory
is a form of in-depth talk therapy that aims to bring unconscious or deeply buried thoughts and feelings to the conscious mind so that repressed experiences and emotions, often from childhood, can be brought to the surface.
A jury deliberated on a rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is BEST explained in terms of the:
just-world phenomenon.
Studies show that parents of delinquent young people tend to use beatings to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be
learned through observation of aggressive models
While this procedure did decrease a person's misery or tension, it also left them permanently lethargic, immature, and uncreative.
lobotomy
PET scans of murderers' brains have revealed
lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes
Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of _____
mania
A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the ______ model.
medical
People tend to marry someone who lives or works nearby. This is an example of the ______________ ______________ ______________ in action.
mere exposure
persistent depressive disorder
milder depressive feelings, lasting longer than several weeks to months.
scizophrenia
mind's split from reality
______________perceptions are mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
mirror image
If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person's behavior to
moral weakness or addictive behavior
Any behavior that reduces anxiety increases the likelihood that a feared object or situation will be avoided. In the language of operant conditioning, the reduction of anxiety _____avoidance behavior. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
negatively reinforces
Cutting and burning the skin, inserting things under the nails or skin, and self-administering tattoos are all forms of:
nonsuicidal self-injury.
treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the nuerotansmitters ----- and ------.
norepinephrine and serotonin
Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _____-_____ disorder.
obsessive compulsive
Those who express anxiety through unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may have a(n) ______________-______________ disorder.
obsessive compulsive
_____disorder is characterized by a person having intrusive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.
obsessive- compulsive
Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____disorder and _____.
obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder
biomedical therapy
offers medication or other biological treatments
Chances of recovery from schizophrenia are best when
onset is sudden, in response to stress
Generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder express themselves biologically by:
overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.
psychotic disorder
overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.
Episodes of _____followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with bulimia nervosa.
overeating
People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may NOT be described as:
overly aggressive.
As passionate love matures into a calm and steady companionate love, the bonding of two partners is MOST likely to be facilitated by:
oxytocin
Those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread, accompanied by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with a ______________ disorder.
panic
_____disorder is characterized by a person experiencing sudden episodes of intense dread.
panic
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another is to _____love as deep affectionate attachment is to companionate love.
passionate
celebrity endorsement in advertising often lead consumers to purchase products through------- route persuasion
peripheral
An irrational fear of a specific object or situation is diagnostic of:
phobia
Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a ____________.
phobia
If a person is focusing anxiety on specific feared objects or situations, that person may have a ______________.
phobia
the symptoms of _____ appear around age 10; tends to appear round age 25
phobias; major depressive disorder
rank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Those with symptoms of recurring memories and nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia for weeks after a traumatic event may be diagnosed with ______________ ______________ disorder.
post traumatic
one predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethic and gender line is-----
poverty
The MOST powerful indicator of whether people will become friends is:
proximity
One of the biggest benefits of lithium is:
reducing suicide risk.
Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money far above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson having a pushy personality. Juan's explanation of the salesperson's behavior _____the fundamental attribution error because it is based on the salesperson's _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
reflects; personality
when a person with an anxiety disorder eases anxiety by avoiding or escaping a situation that inspires fear, this is called...
reinforcement
With _____, patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
A _____is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a social position.
role
Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____theory.
scapegoat
Based on the textbook's discussion, which disorder may have the LEAST diagnostic validity?
seasonal affective disorder
Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from _____disorder.
social anxiety
When we perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, this is called
social facilitation
phsychologist who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions , beliefs and thoughts in depression are working within the ----- and ----- perspective
social- cognitive
Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a:
split from reality.
major depressive disorder
state of hopelessness and lethargy lasting several weeks to months
Belief is to _____as behavior is to _____.
stereotype; discrimination
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless faces, rigid bodies)
reseachers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if...
the person admires the group status
Humanistic Perspective
the psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices
social psychology
the study of social influences that explain why the same person can act different in different situations
In North America, young adults are _____as likely as their grandparents to have suffered from depression.
three times
Psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
While driving his girlfriend to work, Nate narrowly avoided a collision with another vehicle. Moments later, he experienced an unusually warm glow of affection for his girlfriend. His romantic reaction is BEST explained in terms of the _____theory.
two factor
The "gender gap" in depression refers to the finding that ________ risk of depression is nearly double that of _______.
women, men