Psych 102 FINAL.

Which comment is MOST likely to be made by the leader of a group characterized by groupthink?

"We have been united on matters in the past, and I hope that will continue."

At some point during their lifetime, depression has plagued about _____percent of Canadian adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24.

11

About one in _____people diagnosed with depression is simply struggling with the emotional impact of a significant loss.

4

On any given day in December, 1 in _____women will say that she cried that day

5

The risk of suicide is _____times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have no

5

Although half of all adults experience at least one traumatic event in their lifetime, only about _____percent go on to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

5 to 10

In about _____percent of the cases, people experiencing depression also exhibit signs of another disorder, such as anxiety or substance use.

50

exposure therapy

An approach to treatment that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response

_____refers to the positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging circumstances. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

Posttraumatic growth

multiple personality disorder

Psychological disorder that occurs when a person has two or more distinct, well-developed personalities.

mood stabilizing drugs

Reduce the shifts in mood in bipolar disorder.

_____goals are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

Superordinate

Alberto struggles with anxiety. His friend, Miguel, encourages him to deal with the problem by taking a Xanax. What is a possible argument against this advice?

While drugs reduce symptoms in the moment, they do not address the source of the problem.

Although no more effective in controlling schizophrenia symptoms, many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperdal and _____, have fewer side effects.

Zyprexa

Evidence of a biochemical influence on aggression is the finding that

a higher than average level of the hormone testosterone is associated with violent behavior in males

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is MOST likely to be associated with:

a manic episode

An episode of intense dread, accompanied by trembling, dizziness, chest pains, or choking sensations and by feelings of terror, is called

a panic attack

Stimulus generalization

a person experiences a fearful event and later develops a fear of similar events.

fugue state

a sudden loss of memory or change in identity, often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation

behavior therapy

a treatment process that focuses on changing unwanted behaviors through rewards and reinforcements

Conformity is best described as

adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard

Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-first century, especially among

ages 19 and under

bipolar depression

alternating feelings of depression and overexcited hyperactivity

The textbook suggests that people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a more sensitive emotion-processing limbic system than other people do. Based on this information, the function of the _____may be different among people with PTSD than among other people.

amygdala

Drugs known as _____work by depressing the central nervous system.

anti anxiety medications

People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:

are tense and apprehensive most of the time.

Social thinking is to _____as social influence is to _____.

attitude; obedience

dissociative identity disorder is controversial because...

because it is almost never reported outside north America

____is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning.

biomedical therapy

In order to consider the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing, a _____approach to therapy may be MOST useful.

biopsychosocial

Many psychologists reject the "disorders-as-illness" view and instead contend that other factors may also be involved -- for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the ___________ approach.

biopsychosocial

Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is MOST likely that Boris is suffering from _____disorder.

bipolar

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she has the power. Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____disorder. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

bipolar

_____is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

bipolar disorder

antipsychotic drugs

block dopamine receptors

States of depression are found in _____disorder.

both major depressive disorder and bipolar

This occurs MOST often when people are naturally analytical or involved in an issue.

central route persuasion

Using _____, researchers have created chronically anxious, ulcer-prone rats by giving them unpredictable electric shocks.

classical conditioning

Of the perspectives on anxiety disorders discussed in the textbook, the _____perspective is MOST likely to emphasize hypervigilance toward anxiety-related stimuli.

cognative

Thoughts, memories, interpretations, and expectations are collectively referred to as _____.

cognition

During a test, Jack impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. The theory that explains Jack's behavior is _____theory.

cognitive dissonance

the learning perspective proposes that phobias are

conditioned fears

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is demonstrating a false belief called a(n) _____.

delusion

A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience

delusions

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax _____nervous system activity.

depress central

antianxiety drugs

depress neural activity, calms mood

Two major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and _____.

depression

T. J. seems to have stopped caring about his own life. He has lost interest in his work and his usual social activities. Sometimes he wonders if living is worth the effort. T. J. is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

depressive disorder.

Altruism

described as behaving unselfishly to enhance the welfare of others.

According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others:

diminishes performance on difficult or new tasks.

dissociative disorders

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), children and adolescents who are persistently irritable and who have frequent outbursts are diagnosed with _____disorder.

disruptive mood dysregulation

Seven-year-old Lindsay is easily upset. She often throws dramatic fits, and her parents often feel as if they are walking on eggshells around her. Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Lindsay might be diagnosed with _____disorder.

disruptive mood dysregulation

Antipsychotic drugs are to _____as a cork is to a _____.

dopamine receptors; bottle

This risk of a panic attack is _____by the use of nicotine.

doubled

Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. One type of treatment that might bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is:

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Alexandra is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Alexandra's behavior would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of:

empathy

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

epigenetic

According to the textbook, 9-month-old infants attend more to sounds representing ancient threats, such as thunder, than to sounds representing modern dangers, such as gunfire. This BEST supports the role of _____in anxiety.

evolution

We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the ___ - ___ - ___ - ___ phenomenon.

foot in the door

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer trip. This technique is known as the _____phenomenon.

foot in the door

Christine thinks her job's strict lateness policy is an indication of her boss's overly controlling personality, rather than a necessity dictated by the company's high sales goal (her boss has to report how many shoes were sold each day to the corporate headquarters). Her judgment BEST illustrates the _____error.

fundamental attribution

People who suffer from _____disorder are tense and apprehensive most of the time.

generalized anxiety

Unfocused tension, apprehension, and arousal are symptoms of ______________ ______________ disorder.

generalized anxiety

Which phenomenon BEST explains the rise of fascism in the 1930s?

group polarization

Louis is an expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on his choice of scales. Louis decides to change his opinion for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates:

groupthink

Which phenomenon was at least partially responsible for the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the escalation of the Vietnam War, the U.S. Watergate cover-up, the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, the U.S. space shuttle Challengerexplosion, and the Iraq War? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

groupthink

People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) ____________.

hallucinations

If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertiveand boldas strong when the words are associated with female faces, rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate _____prejudice.

implicit

Morris is a Republican, and Dion is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief BEST illustrates _____bias.

in-group

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

inappropriate behaviors are present , hallucinations, inappropriate behaviors are present

Antidepressants

increase serotonin and norepinephrine

a personality disorder, such as antisocial personality is characterized by...

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

During a discussion, Dr. Mansfield argues that Asch's participants conformed to the confederates' responses because they wished to be correct about the lengths of the lines in the experiment. Dr. Roach counters that the participants conformed because they simply sought the confederates' approval. Dr. Mansfield is suggesting that Asch's conformity is an example of _____social influence. Dr. Roach is suggesting instead that it reflects _____ social influence.

informational; normative

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory

is a form of in-depth talk therapy that aims to bring unconscious or deeply buried thoughts and feelings to the conscious mind so that repressed experiences and emotions, often from childhood, can be brought to the surface.

A jury deliberated on a rape case for more than eight hours. Some of the jurors commented that the rape victim had a history of going out to various bars and had been dressed too provocatively. These jurors said that by looking like that, she had been asking to be assaulted. Their opinion is BEST explained in terms of the:

just-world phenomenon.

Studies show that parents of delinquent young people tend to use beatings to enforce discipline. This suggests that aggression can be

learned through observation of aggressive models

While this procedure did decrease a person's misery or tension, it also left them permanently lethargic, immature, and uncreative.

lobotomy

PET scans of murderers' brains have revealed

lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes

Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of _____

mania

A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the ______ model.

medical

People tend to marry someone who lives or works nearby. This is an example of the ______________ ______________ ______________ in action.

mere exposure

persistent depressive disorder

milder depressive feelings, lasting longer than several weeks to months.

scizophrenia

mind's split from reality

______________perceptions are mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

mirror image

If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person's behavior to

moral weakness or addictive behavior

Any behavior that reduces anxiety increases the likelihood that a feared object or situation will be avoided. In the language of operant conditioning, the reduction of anxiety _____avoidance behavior. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

negatively reinforces

Cutting and burning the skin, inserting things under the nails or skin, and self-administering tattoos are all forms of:

nonsuicidal self-injury.

treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the nuerotansmitters ----- and ------.

norepinephrine and serotonin

Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _____-_____ disorder.

obsessive compulsive

Those who express anxiety through unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions may have a(n) ______________-______________ disorder.

obsessive compulsive

_____disorder is characterized by a person having intrusive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.

obsessive- compulsive

Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____disorder and _____.

obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder

biomedical therapy

offers medication or other biological treatments

Chances of recovery from schizophrenia are best when

onset is sudden, in response to stress

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder express themselves biologically by:

overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.

psychotic disorder

overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.

Episodes of _____followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with bulimia nervosa.

overeating

People who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may NOT be described as:

overly aggressive.

As passionate love matures into a calm and steady companionate love, the bonding of two partners is MOST likely to be facilitated by:

oxytocin

Those who experience unpredictable periods of terror and intense dread, accompanied by frightening physical sensations, may be diagnosed with a ______________ disorder.

panic

_____disorder is characterized by a person experiencing sudden episodes of intense dread.

panic

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another is to _____love as deep affectionate attachment is to companionate love.

passionate

celebrity endorsement in advertising often lead consumers to purchase products through------- route persuasion

peripheral

An irrational fear of a specific object or situation is diagnostic of:

phobia

Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational and maladaptive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a ____________.

phobia

If a person is focusing anxiety on specific feared objects or situations, that person may have a ______________.

phobia

the symptoms of _____ appear around age 10; tends to appear round age 25

phobias; major depressive disorder

rank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Those with symptoms of recurring memories and nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia for weeks after a traumatic event may be diagnosed with ______________ ______________ disorder.

post traumatic

one predictor of psychiatric disorders that crosses ethic and gender line is-----

poverty

The MOST powerful indicator of whether people will become friends is:

proximity

One of the biggest benefits of lithium is:

reducing suicide risk.

Juan was shopping for a new watch and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money far above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson having a pushy personality. Juan's explanation of the salesperson's behavior _____the fundamental attribution error because it is based on the salesperson's _____. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

reflects; personality

when a person with an anxiety disorder eases anxiety by avoiding or escaping a situation that inspires fear, this is called...

reinforcement

With _____, patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain.

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A _____is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a social position.

role

Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the _____theory.

scapegoat

Based on the textbook's discussion, which disorder may have the LEAST diagnostic validity?

seasonal affective disorder

Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from _____disorder.

social anxiety

When we perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, this is called

social facilitation

phsychologist who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions , beliefs and thoughts in depression are working within the ----- and ----- perspective

social- cognitive

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split, rather than a:

split from reality.

major depressive disorder

state of hopelessness and lethargy lasting several weeks to months

Belief is to _____as behavior is to _____.

stereotype; discrimination

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless faces, rigid bodies)

reseachers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if...

the person admires the group status

Humanistic Perspective

the psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices

social psychology

the study of social influences that explain why the same person can act different in different situations

In North America, young adults are _____as likely as their grandparents to have suffered from depression.

three times

Psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

While driving his girlfriend to work, Nate narrowly avoided a collision with another vehicle. Moments later, he experienced an unusually warm glow of affection for his girlfriend. His romantic reaction is BEST explained in terms of the _____theory.

two factor

The "gender gap" in depression refers to the finding that ________ risk of depression is nearly double that of _______.

women, men