Psych 105 Chapter 1

________ is the study of the physical workings of the brain and nervous system during thinking and other cognitive processes.

Cognitive neuroscience

Pavlov's work with learning in dogs focused on the concept of

Conditioning

________ suggests that behavioral responses are reinforced when rewarded with pleasurable consequences.

Operant conditioning

Chen is interested in studying the effects of physical exercise on levels of concentration. He hypothesizes that aerobic exercise will improve an individual's ability to concentrate on various tasks. Chen is demonstrating which goal of psychology?

Prediction

Which of the following is a reason researchers prefer to use animals in experiments instead of humans?

Studying long-term effects is much easier.

________ is the rule of thumb stating that if there are two explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is more often the best one.

The law of parsimony

Which of the following examples best illustrates the placebo effect?

You drink a non-alcoholic beverage that tastes like beer and begin to feel intoxicated.

Since birth, Jared has experienced a disturbing twitch that interferes with his ability to function. Through careful observation, it was discovered that Jared's uncontrollable behavior may be the result of a genetic predisposition. The psychological perspective that correlates best with this finding is

biopsychology.

Studying children's interactions by watching them play on the school playground is an example of

naturalistic observation.

Scientists report their results even if an experiment failed because

researchers studying the same things will gain from what has already been learned.

Animals are used in about ________ percent of all psychological studies.

7

________ research is research for the sake of gaining scientific knowledge.

Basic

Geo informed his current therapist, Dr. Harvey, that since his visit to the Grand Canyon, he has experienced such an intense fear of heights that he can no longer drive to his job, which requires him to cross a bridge. After realizing that Geo almost suffered a fall while at the Grand Canyon, Dr. Harvey concluded that Geo's fear of heights must be associated with his near-fall experience. Dr. Harvey's conclusion best relates to which early approach to psychology?

Behaviorism

Which early perspective in psychology, associated with William James, focused on how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play?

Functionalism

The first university in the United States to offer classes in psychology was ________ in the late 1870s.

Harvard University

Which of the following examples is an accurate representation of mental processes as applied to the definition of psychology?

Kaleb feels depressed after receiving a poor grade on his homework.

________ refers to the tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.

Observer bias

Dr. Jamison has conducted a great deal of research on autistic disorders. In his latest study, he concluded that one definite cause of autism is the MMR vaccination. Which of the following can be determined based on Dr. Jamison's research findings?

Though Dr. Jamison's findings should be considered, they should not be regarded as true simply because of his acknowledged expertise.

If deception is necessary, participants must then be ________ after the study.

debriefed

William James was responsible for developing the theory of

functionalism

A(n) ________ reviews a proposed study and judges it according to safety and consideration for its participants.

institutional review board

The textbook defines a ________ as someone who seeks wisdom and knowledge through thinking and discussion.

philosopher

Watson's work with "Little Albert" supported the idea that

phobias can be learned through the process of conditioning.