Psych 110 ch 1
_______ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
functionalism
________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.
functionalism
Compared to structuralist, a ________ would be most interested in the function of the emotion of fear in preparing us to deal with emergency situations.
functionalist
The approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense:
gestalt
In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?
government, university, public school district, and hospitals.
Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are
having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances
Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of _____ about the world. Select all that apply.
sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking
Darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines our _______.
social behaviors
_______ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
social psychology
The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called
structuralism
Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?
structuralism
Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are
suffering from serious psychological disorders.
A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?
the student's dreams for the future
Gestalt psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is different from _____.
the sum of its parts
If treating someone for depression, a humanist might focus on
their goals and aspirations
What is included in cognitive psychology?
thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.
What is the area of psychology that focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors?
Clinical neuropsychology
Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?
Health psychology
Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?
It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.
Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research?
Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm ______ created the first psychology laboratory.
Wilhelm Wundt
The person who led the challenge to Wundt's approach of introspection as a scientific technique was ____, who led the functionalist movement.
William James
Cross-cultural psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across various _______ and ethnic groups.
cultures
The idea that behavior is mostly the result of factors outside of a person's willful control is known as
determinism
The notion that individuals are the victims of forces beyond their control is the concept of
determinism
Darwin's concept of natural selection is most closely related to what branch of psychology?
evolutionary psychology
________ psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
experimental psychology
Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of
factors beyond the control of the individual
The cognitive perspective _____.
focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world
Choices made by an individual exemplify ______ rather than those that are not under our control.
free will
The idea that individuals make choices to display abnormal behavior is called
free will
True or false: Most psychologists who are self-employed treat clients.
True
Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max ______ led the gestalt movement.
Max Wertheimer
Of the following, who was associated with the gestalt movement?
Max Wertheimer
Functionalism concentrates on what the mind does and how ______ functions.
behavior
A focus on external behavior rather than the internal workings of the mind is favored by the _______ perspective.
behavioral
The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.
behavioral
The internal emphasis of psychology is found primarily in all but which perspective of psychology?
behavioral
The only perspective of the big five in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is
behavioral
Which perspective in psychology focuses on nurture over nature?
behavioral
Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?
behavioral
Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature vs. nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature?
behavioral and humanistic
Behavioral ________ is the subfield of psychology that considers how our brain and nervous system together influence our behavior.
behavioral neuroscience
_________ ___________ is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.
behavioral neuroscience
Free will is the idea that behavior is a reflection of _____.
choices made by the individual
Clinical ________ is the branch of psychology that unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.
clinical neuropsychology
Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nature and nurture?
cognitive
___________ psychology is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, decision making, and language.
cognitive psychology
The cognitive perspective views the human mind somewhat like a _______.
computer
Humanistic psychology focuses on the _____ as a determinant of behavior.
conscious
Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems?
counseling psychology
Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of ______.
inheritance
When you are asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to _____.
introspect
Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?
introspection
Wundt and others used a technique called ______, which involved describing in their own words and in as much detail as possible what they were experiencing.
introspection
Like structuralism, functionalism focuses on
mental processes
The cognitive approach to the study of psychology focuses on
mental processes
A psychologist who is studying how heredity influences behavior most likely will be using the ______ perspective.
neuroscience
Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using the _____ perspective to study a psychological phenomenon.
neuroscience
It is hoped that advances in _______ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.
neuroscience
The ______ perspective in psychology considers how the body's functioning affects hopes and fears.
neuroscience
Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?
neuroscience perspective
What are the five major perspectives in the field psychology today.
neuroscience, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic.
Gestalt psychologists have made substantial contributions to our understanding of:
perception
The branch of developmental psychology that would study how your traits are different from your sister's traits is called ______ psychology.
personality psychology
________ psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
personality psychology
The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.
prevention, treatment
The perspective of psychology that focuses primarily on unconscious behavior is
psychodynamic
The field of ________ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychology
the study of behavior and mental processes
psychology
