Psych 110 ch 1

_______ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

functionalism

________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.

functionalism

Compared to structuralist, a ________ would be most interested in the function of the emotion of fear in preparing us to deal with emergency situations.

functionalist

The approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense:

gestalt

In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?

government, university, public school district, and hospitals.

Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are

having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances

Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of _____ about the world. Select all that apply.

sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking

Darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines our _______.

social behaviors

_______ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.

social psychology

The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called

structuralism

Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?

structuralism

Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are

suffering from serious psychological disorders.

A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?

the student's dreams for the future

Gestalt psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is different from _____.

the sum of its parts

If treating someone for depression, a humanist might focus on

their goals and aspirations

What is included in cognitive psychology?

thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.

What is the area of psychology that focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors?

Clinical neuropsychology

Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?

Health psychology

Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?

It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.

Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research?

Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm ______ created the first psychology laboratory.

Wilhelm Wundt

The person who led the challenge to Wundt's approach of introspection as a scientific technique was ____, who led the functionalist movement.

William James

Cross-cultural psychology investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning across various _______ and ethnic groups.

cultures

The idea that behavior is mostly the result of factors outside of a person's willful control is known as

determinism

The notion that individuals are the victims of forces beyond their control is the concept of

determinism

Darwin's concept of natural selection is most closely related to what branch of psychology?

evolutionary psychology

________ psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.

experimental psychology

Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of

factors beyond the control of the individual

The cognitive perspective _____.

focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world

Choices made by an individual exemplify ______ rather than those that are not under our control.

free will

The idea that individuals make choices to display abnormal behavior is called

free will

True or false: Most psychologists who are self-employed treat clients.

True

Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max ______ led the gestalt movement.

Max Wertheimer

Of the following, who was associated with the gestalt movement?

Max Wertheimer

Functionalism concentrates on what the mind does and how ______ functions.

behavior

A focus on external behavior rather than the internal workings of the mind is favored by the _______ perspective.

behavioral

The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.

behavioral

The internal emphasis of psychology is found primarily in all but which perspective of psychology?

behavioral

The only perspective of the big five in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is

behavioral

Which perspective in psychology focuses on nurture over nature?

behavioral

Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?

behavioral

Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature vs. nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature?

behavioral and humanistic

Behavioral ________ is the subfield of psychology that considers how our brain and nervous system together influence our behavior.

behavioral neuroscience

_________ ___________ is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.

behavioral neuroscience

Free will is the idea that behavior is a reflection of _____.

choices made by the individual

Clinical ________ is the branch of psychology that unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.

clinical neuropsychology

Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nature and nurture?

cognitive

___________ psychology is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, decision making, and language.

cognitive psychology

The cognitive perspective views the human mind somewhat like a _______.

computer

Humanistic psychology focuses on the _____ as a determinant of behavior.

conscious

Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems?

counseling psychology

Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of ______.

inheritance

When you are asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to _____.

introspect

Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?

introspection

Wundt and others used a technique called ______, which involved describing in their own words and in as much detail as possible what they were experiencing.

introspection

Like structuralism, functionalism focuses on

mental processes

The cognitive approach to the study of psychology focuses on

mental processes

A psychologist who is studying how heredity influences behavior most likely will be using the ______ perspective.

neuroscience

Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using the _____ perspective to study a psychological phenomenon.

neuroscience

It is hoped that advances in _______ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.

neuroscience

The ______ perspective in psychology considers how the body's functioning affects hopes and fears.

neuroscience

Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?

neuroscience perspective

What are the five major perspectives in the field psychology today.

neuroscience, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic.

Gestalt psychologists have made substantial contributions to our understanding of:

perception

The branch of developmental psychology that would study how your traits are different from your sister's traits is called ______ psychology.

personality psychology

________ psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.

personality psychology

The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.

prevention, treatment

The perspective of psychology that focuses primarily on unconscious behavior is

psychodynamic

The field of ________ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

psychology

the study of behavior and mental processes

psychology