Dental
The correct dental formula for an adult cat is: a. 2(l 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1) = 30 b. 2(l 4/4 C 1/1 P 2/3 M 1/1) = 34 c. 2(l 3/3 C 1/1 P 2/3 M 1/1) = 30 d. 2(l 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 2/1) = 32
a. 2(l 3/3 C 1/1 P 3/2 M 1/1) = 30
8 oz is equal to approximately: a. 227,200 mg b. 454 g c. 227 mg d. 2.27 kg
a. 227,200 mg 1 oz = 28.4 g1 g = 1000 mg1000 mg x 28.4 g = 28,400 mg28,400 mg x 8 = 227,200 mg
The normal sulcus depth in the dog is: a. 3 mm b. 7 mm c. 10 mm d. 8 mm
a. 3 mm
What breed is prone to lip fold dermatitis? a. Bulldogs b. Chihuahuas c. Labradors d. Miniature pinschers
a. Bulldogs
When referring to dental-related conditions, staging is a way to: a. Classify tumors b. Plan periodontal care c. Plan surgical care for cancerous tumors d. Determine how large a tumor is
a. Classify tumors
Periodontal disease is the result of the inflammatory process to: a. Dental plaque b. Systemic bacteria c. Systemic lupus d. Chronic stomatitis
a. Dental plaque
Enamel hypoplasia is also referred to as: a. Dysplasia b. Odontalgia c. Anodontia d. Oligodontia
a. Dysplasia
The most common benign soft-tissue tumor of the oral cavity is a/an: a. Epulis b. Fibrosarcoma c. Malignant melanoma d. Squamous cell carcinoma
a. Epulis
Which of these drugs is used to reduce acidity of the stomach by buffering existing stomach acid? a. Magnesium/aluminum containing products such as Maalox b. Misoprostol c. Omeprazole d. Sucralfate
a. Magnesium/aluminum containing products such as Maalox
Which surface of an animal's leg is the one closest to its body? a. Medial b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Distal
a. Medial
How long does it take plaque to accumulate on a clean tooth surface? a. Minutes b. Hours c. Days d. Weeks
a. Minutes
Which of the following toxic plants would have an effect on the cardiovascular system? a. Oleander b. Marijuana c. Morning glory d. Tobacco
a. Oleander
Which type of nutrition is defined as providing nutrients intravenously? a. Parenteral b. Enteral c. Oral d. Emergency
a. Parenteral
When scaling a tooth that has a large amount of calculus, the process should occur in which order? a. Remove gross dental deposits with ronguers or extraction forceps; remove residual supragingival deposits with hand instruments; use power scaler to remove remaining deposits b. Remove residual supragingival deposits with hand instruments; use power scaler to remove deposits; remove gross dental deposits with ronguers or extraction forceps c. Use power scaler to remove calculus buildup and deposits; remove gross dental deposits with ronguers or extraction forceps; remove residual supragingival deposits with hand instruments d. A three-step process is not needed, and a power scale will remove all calculi
a. Remove gross dental deposits with ronguers or extraction forceps; remove residual supragingival deposits with hand instruments; use power scaler to remove remaining deposits
What is the most common cause for dental malocclusions? a. Retained deciduous teeth b. Overbite c. Skeletal defects d. Bad breeding
a. Retained deciduous teeth
Which of the following is the single most effective means of removing plaque? a. Tooth brushing b. Toothpaste c. Dental diets d. All of the above
a. Tooth brushing
Dental film should be placed in the mouth with the dimple facing: a. Up and pointing rostrally b. Up and pointing caudally c. Down and pointing rostrally d. Down and pointing caudally
a. Up and pointing rostrally
All of the following are symptoms of hyperthyroid disease, except: a. Weight gain b. Polyphagia c. Vomiting d. Increased appetite
a. Weight gain
50 g is equal to: a. 0.005 kg b. 0.05 kg c. 500,000 mg d. 5,000,000 µg
b. 0.05 kg 1 kg = 1000 g
250 cc is equal to: a. 25 mL b. 0.25 L c. 25,000 µl d. 2.5 L
b. 0.25 L 250 cc = 250 mL = 0.25 L
A healthy bird can only lose ≤10% of its blood volume safely. You have been asked to draw a blood sample from a 1-kg macaw. What is the maximum amount of blood that can be taken from this patient safely? a. 1 mL b. 10 mL c. 15 mL d. 5 mL
b. 10 mL
How many incisors are present in the adult equine patient? a. 6 b. 12 c. 24 d. 36
b. 12
When using motorized equipment for an equine prophylaxis, speeds should range from ___________ to prevent thermal damage. a. 100-200 rpm b. 2000-3000 rpm c. 3000-4000 rpm d. 4000-5000 rpm
b. 2000-3000 rpm
A 1-mg/kg dose of diazepam is to be administered to a 50-lb dog. How many mg will he be given? a. 50 mg b. 22.7 mg c. 500 mg d. 2.27 mg
b. 22.7 mg 50 lb ÷ 2.2 lb/kg = 22.7 kg22.7 kg x 1 mg/kg = 22.7 mg
A 0.5 g/mL sample contains: a. 5 mg/mL b. 50 g/100 mL c. 5 g/100 mL d. 500 mg/100 mL
b. 50 g/100 mL 0.5 g/mL = 50 g/100 mL
Curette a. Is used strictly as a supragingival instrument b. Can be used either supragingivally or subgingivally c. Is used to remove microetchants on the tooth surface after power scaling d. Is used to irrigate the teeth with air or water
b. Can be used either supragingivally or subgingivally
Which of the following options are best suited for rinsing a mouth before a dental prophy? a. 10% dilute betadine solution b. Chlorhexidine gluconate c. 50% dilute ampicillin solution d. There is no need to rinse a mouth before a prophylaxis, but rinsing should be done after the procedure is completed
b. Chlorhexidine gluconate
Malocclusion in which the mandible is caudal to the maxilla is termed: a. Class 3 mandibular mesioclusions b. Class 2 mandibular distoclusions c. Class 1 neutroclusions d. Dental malocclusion
b. Class 2 mandibular distoclusions
What is the main purpose of premolar teeth? a. Holding and tearing b. Cutting and breaking c. Grinding d. Gnawing and grooming
b. Cutting and breaking
Digital radiography, CT, MRI, and ultrasound are stored using a universally accepted format known as? a. CCD b. DICOM c. MOD d. PACS
b. DICOM
An abnormally slow or difficult birth is referred to as which of the following? a. Dysuria b. Dystocia c. Ectopic d. Pyometra
b. Dystocia
If a tooth is fractured and there is a black spot in the center of the cut surface, into which you can place a dental explorer, the best treatment would be: a. An x-ray to see if there are changes in the tooth or surrounding areas, with treatment provided according to findings b. Either a root canal or an extraction c. A discussion fees with the client and a determination of whether or not the patient experiences pain before therapy d. An extraction
b. Either a root canal or an extraction
A connective tissue membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber is referred to as: a. Epimysium b. Endomysium c. Myopathy d. Sarcoma
b. Endomysium
A causative agent of rhinopneumonitis is: a. Streptococcus equi b. Equine herpes virus c. Aspergillus spp d. None of the above
b. Equine herpes virus
A contagious viral disease that produces limb swelling in horses is: a. Equine infectious anemia b. Equine viral arteritis c. Heaves d. Herpes
b. Equine viral arteritis
Two tooth buds that grow together to form one larger tooth is referred to as a. Gemini b. Fusion c. Polydontia d. Oligodontia
b. Fusion
An abnormal presence of tissue cells in the blood is known as: a. Histology b. Histiocytosis c. Karyogenic d. Homeostasis
b. Histiocytosis
Addison's disease is also known as which of the following: a. Hyperadrenocorticalism b. Hypoadrenocorticism c. Hypothyroidism d. Hyperthyroidism
b. Hypoadrenocorticism
Teeth that erupt throughout an equine patient's life are termed: a. Brachydont b. Hypsodont c. Anelodont d. Elodont
b. Hypsodont
Which of the following terms means within a living body? a. Benign b. In vivo c. Infection d. In vitro
b. In vivo
Which of the following types of fluids is used primarily to replace intravascular volume? a. Hypertonic crystalloid b. Isotonic crystalloid c. Synthetic colloid d. Whole blood
b. Isotonic crystalloid
Which of the following species is arboreal? a. Leopard gecko b. Jackson's chameleon c. Bearded dragon d. Savannah monitor
b. Jackson's chameleon
Which of these drugs is a laxative used most commonly in small animals with chronic constipation? a. Diphenoxylate b. Lactulose c. Loperamide d. Paregoric
b. Lactulose
Which of the following terms correlates with bleeding from the ovary? a. Ovariectomy b. Oophorrhagia c. Menorrhagia d. Vaginodynia
b. Oophorrhagia
Which of the following would contribute to Geriatric Vestibular Syndrome? a. Increased intraocular fluid production b. Otitis media c. Coccidioides immitis d. Histoplasum capsulatum
b. Otitis media
The only radiographic view that can be made with a true parallel technique is: a. Rostral maxillary b. Parallel mandibular view c. Rostral mandibular view d. Parallel oblique view
b. Parallel mandibular view
All of the following factors must be considered when aging a horse, except: a. Breed b. Quantity of food c. Environmental conditions d. Injury
b. Quantity of food
In dental radiographs, periapical disease appears as a: a. Radiopaque area around the apex of the tooth b. Radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth c. Radiopaque area inside the tooth pulp d. Radiolucent area inside the tooth pulp
b. Radiolucent area around the apex of the tooth
The purpose of fluoride treatment is to: a. Prevent thermal damage and lubrication b. Strengthen enamel and help desensitize teeth c. Remove plaque and strengthen the enamel d. Irrigate and lubricate
b. Strengthen enamel and help desensitize teeth
Which of the following statements is true of urinary catheterization? a. Disinfecting of the prepuce is not required b. The catheter must be disinfected periodically c. After the catheter is properly placed, there is no concern for dislodgment d. Aseptic technique is not required when handling the collection bag
b. The catheter must be disinfected periodically
An owner's goal when providing oral home care is: a. Suprascaling b. To remove or reduce the accumulation of plaque c. Subgingival lavage d. All of the above
b. To remove or reduce the accumulation of plaque
Anodontia is defined as: a. Congenital absence of many, but not all, teeth b. Total absence of teeth c. Absence of only a few teeth d. Cleft palate
b. Total absence of teeth
Abbreviations are commonly used in veterinary practice, and some abbreviations are exclusive to dental terminology. Which abbreviation best aligns with the uncomplicated crown fracture? a. CCF b. UCF c. UCRF d. CCRF
b. UCF
2% lidocaine is prescribed for a 13-lb beagle at a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. How many mL will you deliver? a. 1.6 mL b. 0.16 mL c. 0.6 mL d. 6 mL
c. 0.6 mL 2% = 20 mg/mL13 lb ÷ 2.2 lb/kg = 5.9 kg5.9 kg x 2 mg/kg = 11.8 mg11.8 mg ÷ 20 mg/mL = 0.6 mL
A 0.25 gr (grain) of phenobarbital is how many mg? a. 15.2 mg b. 14 mg c. 16.2 mg d. 32.4 mg
c. 16.2 mg 64.8 mg ÷ 4 = 16.2 mg
10 inches is equal to approximately: a. 25 mm b. 4 cm c. 25 cm d. 0.04 m
c. 25 cm 1 in = 2.5 cm2.5 cm x 10 = 25 cm
When brushing a pet-patient's teeth, which angle should the brush be held at? a. 20-degree angle b. 35-degree angle c. 45-degree angle d. 65-degree angle
c. 45-degree angle
All of the following are clinical signs a horse may show when experiencing respiratory disease, except: a. Stertor b. Bilateral nasal discharge c. Bradycardia d. Cough
c. Bradycardia
What term identifies the hard, mineralized substance on the tooth surface? a. Plaque b. Attrition c. Calculus d. Abrasion
c. Calculus
Medium- and large-breed dogs are most commonly affected by dental decay, which is also known as: a. Trauma b. Enamel hypoplasia c. Caries d. Furcation
c. Caries
A pregnant mare has what kind of placentation? a. Zonary b. Cotyledonary c. Diffuse d. Discoid
c. Diffuse
All of the following are preventative measures that can be taken to prevent malocclusion, except: a. Extraction of persistent primary teeth b. Interceptive orthodontics c. Extraction of persistent permanent teeth d. A removable orthodontic device
c. Extraction of persistent permanent teeth
A pseudopocket can be defined as: a. Deep pocket b. Shallow pocket c. False pocket
c. False pocket
A rabbit presents with a 2-day history of anorexia. You take radiographs and notice an ingesta-filled stomach with large amounts of gas in the intestines and cecum. This is suggestive of what condition in the rabbit? a. Acute GI dilation b. GI foreign-body obstruction c. GI stasis d. GI neoplasia
c. GI stasis
A decrease in albumin may occur in cases experiencing: a. Chronic liver disease b. Carnivorous diet c. Gastroenteritis d. Vegetarian diet
c. Gastroenteritis
A collection of blood in the cranial portion of the ventral cavity is known as: a. Pneumothorax b. Pneumonia c. Hematothorax d. Hemostasis
c. Hematothorax
Which of the following treatments used to treat heartworm disease in dogs is a common microfilaricide treatment? a. Thiacetarsamide b. Melarsomine dihydrochloride c. Ivermectin d. All of the above
c. Ivermectin
Which of the following two metals most commonly cause heavy metal toxicity after ingestion by birds? a. Lead and gold b. Zinc and copper c. Lead and zinc d. Cast iron and copper
c. Lead and zinc
The placement of an esophagostomy feeding tube benefits the dental patient after which procedure? a. Routine cleaning and polishing b. Extraction of a maxillary canine tooth c. Mandibulectomy or maxillectomy d. Excisional biopsy of a 3-mm epulis
c. Mandibulectomy or maxillectomy
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the snake respiratory tract? a. Snakes have air sacs similar to those in birds b. Snakes have complete cartilaginous tracheal rings c. Most species have a single right lung and a nonfunctioning left lung d. The lungs run the entire length of the snake's body
c. Most species have a single right lung and a nonfunctioning left lung
Which type of feeding is the most physiologic and often the safest route? a. Intravenous b. Intraosseous c. Oral d. Subcutaneous
c. Oral
All of the following are examples of viral equine encephalitis, except a. Eastern b. Western c. Pacific d. West Nile
c. Pacific
Which of the following behaviors is commonly associated with clinical signs of pain in dogs? a. Vocalization and increased appetite b. Playful actions and excessive licking of the owners c. Panting, anorexia, and depression d. Increased attention to the environment
c. Panting, anorexia, and depression
Which discipline deals with dental conditions specific to puppies and kittens? a. Exodontics b. Orthodontics c. Pedodontics d. Prosthodontics
c. Pedodontics
Internal resorption primarily affects the: a. Enamel b. Crown c. Pulp d. Dentin
c. Pulp
Which dental radiographic projection images 301-304 and 401-404? a. Rostral maxillary b. Parallel mandibular view c. Rostral mandibular view d. Lateral oblique view
c. Rostral mandibular view
Which of the following instruments should be used to reduce the crown of sharp canine teeth? a. Nippers b. Cutters c. Small files d. Elevators
c. Small files
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac b. Skeletal c. Striated d. Smooth
c. Striated
In horses, the term coronal refers to which portion of the tooth? a. The area of the tooth farthest away from the occlusal surface b. The area closet to the tongue c. The crown d. The tooth closest to the incisors
c. The crown
Dental dysplasia is the abnormal development of teeth that involve which of the following? a. Crown b. Roots c. The entire tooth d. Pulp
c. The entire tooth
When grading furcation involvement, which of the following descriptions would be termed Grade 2? a. No furcation involvement b. The furcation can be felt with the probe/explorer, but horizontal tissue destruction is <{1/3} of the horizontal width c. The furcation can be explored, but the probe cannot pass through it d. The probe can be passed through the furcation from buccal to palatal/lingual
c. The furcation can be explored, but the probe cannot pass through it
A hamster presents to the clinic with the following symptoms: diarrhea, matting around the tail, lethargy, and a hunched abdomen. Which of the following diseases is most likely the causative agent? a. GI stasis b. Cystic calculi c. Wet tail d. Dental disease
c. Wet tail
A 1-L sample contains: a. 1 mL b. 10 mL c. 100 mL d. 1000 mL
d. 1000 mL 1 L = 1000 mL
Alopecia at the tail tip, symmetrical alopecia along the trunk of the body, intense pruritus, and enlarged vulva are symptoms in the ferret that indicate what disease? a. Green slime disease b. Insulinoma c. External parasites d. Adrenal disease
d. Adrenal disease
When conducting a tooth-by tooth evaluation with dental radiographs, when is the client given the total estimate for care? a. On the telephone when the appointment is made b. In the examination room c. When the animal is picked up after treatment d. After the evaluation is completed while the patient is still anesthetized
d. After the evaluation is completed while the patient is still anesthetized
Most abnormal dental conditions experienced by lagomorphs and rodents are a result of: a. Diet b. Environment c. Husbandry d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following routes may expose veterinary technicians to organisms that cause disease? a. Inhalation b. Ingestion c. Needle sticks d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Why would a veterinary technician lavage a pathological pocket with chlorhexidine? a. To remove bacteria b. To remove free-floating debris c. To prevent the formation of an abscess d. All of the above
d. All of the above
The heaviest calculus deposition in dogs and cats is typically located on the: a. Lingual surfaces of the lower cheek teeth b. Lower canine teeth c. Incisor teeth d. Buccal surfaces of the upper cheek teeth
d. Buccal surfaces of the upper cheek teeth
Which of the following species does not have continually growing teeth? a. Equine b. Rabbit c. Rat d. Cat
d. Cat
Which of the following is the correct dental term/definition describing a tooth surface? a. Mesial—farthest from the midline b. Mesial—nearest the front c. Distal—nearest the midline d. Distal—farthest from the midline
d. Distal—farthest from the midline
Which of the following statements is false? a. Radiography is mandatory for good dental practice b. Intraoral technique using parallel and bisecting angle views is essential for meaningful results to be obtained c. Dental x-ray machines and digital software and hardware are ideal, and such equipment proves convenient and cost-effective d. Full mouth radiographs (1-2 views) are strongly advocated in cats to detect odontoclastic resorptive lesions
d. Full mouth radiographs (1-2 views) are strongly advocated in cats to detect odontoclastic resorptive lesions
Local factors that could affect enamel development include all of the following except: a. Trauma b. Infection c. Bite injury d. Hypocalcemia
d. Hypocalcemia
Which of the following elements is the component of all proteins and nucleic acids? a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Calcium d. Nitrogen
d. Nitrogen
Which disease causes a cat to start spontaneously and aggressively pawing at the face and mouth and to cry out in pain? a. Tooth resorption b. Chronic ulcerative gingivostomatitis c. Squamous cell carcinoma d. Orofacial pain syndrome
d. Orofacial pain syndrome
The veterinary technician's role in treating periodontal disease includes all of the following except: a. Supragingival scaling b. Subgingival scaling c. Subgingival lavage d. Periodontal surgery
d. Periodontal surgery
The goal of orthodontic care is to: a. Allow a dog or cat to compete better in breed shows b. Correct abnormalities so a puppy or kitten can sell for a better price c. Provide a better-looking pet d. Return the pet to a comfortable or functional bite
d. Return the pet to a comfortable or functional bite
Which type of visit is not considered an outpatient service? a. Examination b. Vaccination c. Lab work d. Surgery
d. Surgery
A semipermanent feeding tube may be placed in all of the following ways, except: a. Through the nose b. Through a pharyngostomy site c. Through a gastrostomy site d. Through the mouth
d. Through the mouth
A urolith is a pathologic stone formed from mineral salts found in the urinary tract. Which of the following is not a factor in the formation of uroliths? a. Urine pH b. Urine concentration c. Urine saturation d. Urine protein
d. Urine protein
