psych 312 exam 3
REM behavior disorder
A condition characterized by acting out dreams
what causes the release of an ovum during the menstural cycle
FSH and LH
T/F the hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is pregnisone
False
which is true of androgens and estrogens
Males and females both have androgens and estrogens, but in different amounts.
what causes the primitive gonads to become testes
SRY gene
which chromosome does a typical human male have
XY
sleep apnea
a condition where breathing stops periodically during sleep
anorexia nervosa
a disorder characterized by and unwillingness to eat as much as needed
conditioned taste aversion
a distaste for food that develops when a food makes you ill
set point
a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level
Animals produce endogenous circadian rhythms that last ______ __ ___.
about a day
At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are not on birth-control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity?
about midway between two menstrual periods
where do pogo waves end
above the cerebellum to the right (lobe c)
research with cats indicates that messages from the pons to the spinal cord during sleep prevent us from
acting out our dreams
when would you be most likely to experience osmotic thirst?
after eating salty foods
which of the following is not regulated by circadian rhythms
all of these are regulated by circadian rhythms
what mechanisms increase body temperature
all of these increase body temperatures
cataplexy
an attack of muscle weakness while awake
Zeitgeber
an environmental cue that resets a biological clock
sham feeding
an experimental procedure that allows all the food eaten to leak out of a tube
male hormones are referred to as
androgens
activating affects can occur _______ ________ in life when a hormone temporarily activates a [articular response
any time
Variations in insulin level alter hunger by changing the
availability of glucose to the cells
one function served by alpha-fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to
bind to estradiol to prevent it from entering cells
temperature regulations one of the body's
biological priorities
homeostasis
biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range
which letter marks the structure where the pons sends messages to that inhibit movements during REM sleep
brains stem (E)
a cycle of food deprivation followed by overeating charachterizes which disorder
bulimia
brain states during sleep are similar to being in a ________
coma
In response to infection, leukocytes release proteins called...
cytokines
what is the best way to reduce osmotic thirst
drinking pure water
in general when do hormones produce "organizing effects"
during early stages of development
which of the following tends to be more important for women than men choosing mates
earning potential
the pituitary hormone oxytocin does not
facilitate antisocial behaviors
T/F a potential mates age is less important to men than women
false
T/F brains of male homosexuals are completely identical to brains of female heterosexuals
false
T/F dr. diamond never encountered gender discrimination during her career
false
T/F estrogen is only present in women
false
T/F hormones are released into synapses and affect neighboring cells
false
T/F laboratory research indicates that prenatal stress has no effect on sexual development
false
T/F melatonin is released by the SCN
false
T/F sex hormones have no effect on brain structure or function
false
T/F sleep apnea is characterized by sleep attacks during wakefulness
false
T/F there is no evidence that sexual orientation is influenced by gene factor
false
T/F humans and all other mammals are poikilothermic
false
wolffian duct are found in
female and male fetuses early in development
natures default setting for mammals is
female external anatomy
what develops from the mullerian ducts
female reproductive structures
parts of the hypothalamus can generate a cyclic pattern of hormone release
females only
the release of cytokines can cause a
fever
identifying ourself as a man/women/non binary and what we call ourselves is called our
gender identity
which term means using internal mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature
homeothermic
the suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the
hypothalamus
which sleep disorder is associated with inadequate sleep due to difficulty falling or staying asleep
insomnia
one of the 2 pancreatic hormones that regulate the flow of glucose into body cells
insulin
what is the term for peole born with ambiguous genitalia
intersex
a disruption of circadian Rhythms due to crossing time zones is know as
jet lag
the difference between males and females in the sexually dimorphic nucleus is that it is
larger in males than in females
fat cells in the body produce ________, signaling the brain about fat reserves
leptin
levels of which peptide trigger puberty during adolescence
leptin
_________ is the primary stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm for land animals
light
hypovolemic thirst is caused by
low blood volume
what neuropeptide is responsible for limiting food intake
melanocortin
the pineal gland releases the hormone__________ which influences circadian rhythms
melatonin
what is the best way to objectively determine if someone is sleeping
monitoring brain waves
what is the first point in the digestive system where enzymes begin to break down food
mouth
genetic males whos penis is damaged or removed shortly after birth and are then reared as female
often ask to be reassigned as males
the neurotransmitter _____________ is released by the hypothalamus and keeps us awake
orexin
what hormone stimulates contractions during orgasm
oxytocin
why are people sometime unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening
part of the brain is still asleep
an endocrine gland that influences sleeping by hormone production
pineal
which of the following brain structures is important for regulating the sleep/wake cycle
pineal gland
anterior hypothalamus, and area of the hypothalamus, monitors body temperature
preoptic area
An organizing effect differs from an activating effect of a hormone in that an organizing effect.
produces more long lasting effects
extends from the medulla into the forebrain and increases arousal and attention
reticular formation
tasting and chewing are motivating factors in
satiety
in general men are more of __________ ____________ than women
sexual infidelity
the body does not work to maintain a set point for levels of
sleep
slow, large amplitudes of EEG waves are characteristics of which sleep stage
slow wave sleep (stages 3 and 4)
sleep spindles and k complexes are most characteristics of which sleeping stage
stage 2
what is narcolepsy
sudden periods of sleepiness during the day
an area of they hypothalamus, generates circadian rhythm
suprachiasmaic
what mechanism decreases body temperature
sweating and panting
most homosexual men as compared to heterosexual men have
testosterone levels within the same range
basal metabolism
the energy used to maintain constant body temperature at rest
which of the following is not a function of sleep
to increase body temperatures
if you wake up and cannot move your arms or legs, which letter marks the structure that is still in REM sleep
to the left of the cerebellum (D)
where do pogo waves start?
to the left of the cerebellum (lobe D)
which letter marks the brain lobe where damage results in lack of dreaming
to the right of the post central gyrus ( A)
T/F dr. diamond was able to show changes in the brains of rats at all ages
true
T/F estrogens are called female hormones because women have higher levels than men
true
T/F hormones are capable of inducing long lasting changes throughout the body
true
T/F most mammals lose the intestinal enzyme lactase at about the age of weaning
true
T/F the eating strategy for humans tends to be to eat more than is needed
true
T/F sleep can be local within the brain
true
the undifferentiated gonads in females develop into ovaries
true
which type of gonads are present in all humans during early prenatal development
undifferentiated gonads
sends information about the stretching of the stomach walls to the brain
vagus nerve
about 60% if the mammalian body is composed of
water
