psych 312 exam 3

REM behavior disorder

A condition characterized by acting out dreams

what causes the release of an ovum during the menstural cycle

FSH and LH

T/F the hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is pregnisone

False

which is true of androgens and estrogens

Males and females both have androgens and estrogens, but in different amounts.

what causes the primitive gonads to become testes

SRY gene

which chromosome does a typical human male have

XY

sleep apnea

a condition where breathing stops periodically during sleep

anorexia nervosa

a disorder characterized by and unwillingness to eat as much as needed

conditioned taste aversion

a distaste for food that develops when a food makes you ill

set point

a very narrow range that the body works to maintain at a stable level

Animals produce endogenous circadian rhythms that last ______ __ ___.​

about a day

At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are not on birth-control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity?

about midway between two menstrual periods

where do pogo waves end

above the cerebellum to the right (lobe c)

research with cats indicates that messages from the pons to the spinal cord during sleep prevent us from

acting out our dreams

when would you be most likely to experience osmotic thirst?

after eating salty foods

which of the following is not regulated by circadian rhythms

all of these are regulated by circadian rhythms

what mechanisms increase body temperature

all of these increase body temperatures

cataplexy

an attack of muscle weakness while awake

Zeitgeber

an environmental cue that resets a biological clock

sham feeding

an experimental procedure that allows all the food eaten to leak out of a tube

male hormones are referred to as

androgens

activating affects can occur _______ ________ in life when a hormone temporarily activates a [articular response

any time

Variations in insulin level alter hunger by changing the

availability of glucose to the cells

one function served by alpha-fetoprotein in the developing rat fetus is to

bind to estradiol to prevent it from entering cells

temperature regulations one of the body's

biological priorities

homeostasis

biological processes that keep body variables within a fixed range

which letter marks the structure where the pons sends messages to that inhibit movements during REM sleep

brains stem (E)

a cycle of food deprivation followed by overeating charachterizes which disorder

bulimia

brain states during sleep are similar to being in a ________

coma

In response to infection, leukocytes release proteins called...

cytokines

what is the best way to reduce osmotic thirst

drinking pure water

in general when do hormones produce "organizing effects"

during early stages of development

which of the following tends to be more important for women than men choosing mates

earning potential

the pituitary hormone oxytocin does not

facilitate antisocial behaviors

T/F a potential mates age is less important to men than women

false

T/F brains of male homosexuals are completely identical to brains of female heterosexuals

false

T/F dr. diamond never encountered gender discrimination during her career

false

T/F estrogen is only present in women

false

T/F hormones are released into synapses and affect neighboring cells

false

T/F laboratory research indicates that prenatal stress has no effect on sexual development

false

T/F melatonin is released by the SCN

false

T/F sex hormones have no effect on brain structure or function

false

T/F sleep apnea is characterized by sleep attacks during wakefulness

false

T/F there is no evidence that sexual orientation is influenced by gene factor

false

T/F humans and all other mammals are poikilothermic

false

wolffian duct are found in

female and male fetuses early in development

natures default setting for mammals is

female external anatomy

what develops from the mullerian ducts

female reproductive structures

parts of the hypothalamus can generate a cyclic pattern of hormone release

females only

the release of cytokines can cause a

fever

identifying ourself as a man/women/non binary and what we call ourselves is called our

gender identity

which term means using internal mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature

homeothermic

the suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the

hypothalamus

which sleep disorder is associated with inadequate sleep due to difficulty falling or staying asleep

insomnia

one of the 2 pancreatic hormones that regulate the flow of glucose into body cells

insulin

what is the term for peole born with ambiguous genitalia

intersex

a disruption of circadian Rhythms due to crossing time zones is know as

jet lag

the difference between males and females in the sexually dimorphic nucleus is that it is

larger in males than in females

fat cells in the body produce ________, signaling the brain about fat reserves

leptin

levels of which peptide trigger puberty during adolescence

leptin

_________ is the primary stimulus that resets the circadian rhythm for land animals

light

hypovolemic thirst is caused by

low blood volume

what neuropeptide is responsible for limiting food intake

melanocortin

the pineal gland releases the hormone__________ which influences circadian rhythms

melatonin

what is the best way to objectively determine if someone is sleeping

monitoring brain waves

what is the first point in the digestive system where enzymes begin to break down food

mouth

genetic males whos penis is damaged or removed shortly after birth and are then reared as female

often ask to be reassigned as males

the neurotransmitter _____________ is released by the hypothalamus and keeps us awake

orexin

what hormone stimulates contractions during orgasm

oxytocin

why are people sometime unable to move their postural muscles immediately after awakening

part of the brain is still asleep

an endocrine gland that influences sleeping by hormone production

pineal

which of the following brain structures is important for regulating the sleep/wake cycle

pineal gland

anterior hypothalamus, and area of the hypothalamus, monitors body temperature

preoptic area

An organizing effect differs from an activating effect of a hormone in that an organizing effect.

produces more long lasting effects

extends from the medulla into the forebrain and increases arousal and attention

reticular formation

tasting and chewing are motivating factors in

satiety

in general men are more of __________ ____________ than women

sexual infidelity

the body does not work to maintain a set point for levels of

sleep

slow, large amplitudes of EEG waves are characteristics of which sleep stage

slow wave sleep (stages 3 and 4)

sleep spindles and k complexes are most characteristics of which sleeping stage

stage 2

what is narcolepsy

sudden periods of sleepiness during the day

an area of they hypothalamus, generates circadian rhythm

suprachiasmaic

what mechanism decreases body temperature

sweating and panting

most homosexual men as compared to heterosexual men have

testosterone levels within the same range

basal metabolism

the energy used to maintain constant body temperature at rest

which of the following is not a function of sleep

to increase body temperatures

if you wake up and cannot move your arms or legs, which letter marks the structure that is still in REM sleep

to the left of the cerebellum (D)

where do pogo waves start?

to the left of the cerebellum (lobe D)

which letter marks the brain lobe where damage results in lack of dreaming

to the right of the post central gyrus ( A)

T/F dr. diamond was able to show changes in the brains of rats at all ages

true

T/F estrogens are called female hormones because women have higher levels than men

true

T/F hormones are capable of inducing long lasting changes throughout the body

true

T/F most mammals lose the intestinal enzyme lactase at about the age of weaning

true

T/F the eating strategy for humans tends to be to eat more than is needed

true

T/F sleep can be local within the brain

true

the undifferentiated gonads in females develop into ovaries

true

which type of gonads are present in all humans during early prenatal development

undifferentiated gonads

sends information about the stretching of the stomach walls to the brain

vagus nerve

about 60% if the mammalian body is composed of

water