Psych 5

During a normal night's sleep, how many times do we pass through the different stages of sleep?

4-7

The sleep cycle is approximately ____ minutes

90

Cocaine produces a euphoric rush by

Blocking the reuptake of dopamine in brain cells

Freud believed that the content of our dreams is

Disguised

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug? nicotine heroin LSD cocaine

LSD

At 3 o'clock in the morning, Casey has already slept for 5 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of _________ sleep.

REM

That there is a need for REM sleep is suggested by

REM rebound

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation is called __________.

REM rebound

After Adam had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Adam was most likely experiencing ___________.

REM sleep

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through a) dissociation, b) hypnagogic sensations, c) REM sleep, d) parallel processing

REM sleep

Which of the following sleep phenomena could be detected without the aid of an EEG machine?

REM sleep

Nightmares are to ___________ as night terrors are to _________. narcolepsy; sleep apnea Stage 1 sleep; REM sleep REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep delta waves; alpha waves

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a reward is called a ___________.

Skinner box

Which stage of sleep typically has spindles?

Stage 2

How could someone prove to some who doesn't believe that they dream that they really do?

Wake them several minutes into REM sleep and ask what they are dreaming.

Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness? a) the on/off switch on a computer, b) a circuit breaker that controls power to a house, c) a dimmer switch for a light fixture, d) the ignition on a car

a dimmer switch for a light fixture

The drug in America that causes the most damage is

alcohol

A particularly dangerous (often fatal) combination of drugs is

alcohol and barbiturates

Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly? a) insomnia and narcolepsy, b) apnea and narcolepsy, c) night terrors and apnea, d) somnambulism (sleep walking) and insomnia, e) apnea and insomnia

apnea and insomnia

Many people underestimate the number of nonfatal heart attacks because they are not as memorable as fatal heart attacks. This illustrates the shortcoming of relying on _____________.

availability heuristic

What kind of drugs are likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

barbiturates

The university's psychology department and school of medicine are cosponsoring a new professional program that applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease. They are clearly offering a new degree in a) medical psychology, b) holistic medicine, c) psychopharmacology, d) behavioral medicine

behavioral medicine

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the century was ___________.

behaviorism

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by ___________.

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

While a man was providing directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a board. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates ______

change blindness

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Ian experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Ian most likely experienced the effects of a) heroin, b) cocaine, c) THC, d) LSD, e) marijuana

cocaine

Jean Piaget studied how children develop their abilities to think, know, and remember. Together, these abilities are called ___________.

cognition

Teaching a patient to regain the use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is called a) neural prosthetics, b) phrenology, c) cognitive neuroscience, d) contraint-induced therapy

constraint-induced therapy

One effect of sleeping pills is

decrease REM sleep

Research indicates that alcohol a) impairs short-term recall of what has just been said, b) impairs recall of existing long-term memories, c) disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories, d) increases REM sleep, e) decreases latent content

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by a) blocking sensory input, b) speeding up the circadian rhythm, c) increasing NREM sleep over time, d) distracting attention, e) eliciting delta waves characteristic of deep sleep

distracting attention

Reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage is called ___________.

drug tolerance

Priming is to retrieval as rehearsal is to _________. imagery repression automatic processing encoding

encoding

Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?

endorphins

The pervasiveness of stress is best illustrated by the fact that the most significant category of life-event stressors involves a) aerobic exercise, b) romantic relationships, c) everyday annoyances, d) family issues

everyday annoyances

Adolescents are most likely to start smoking in order to a) gain decreased anxiety, b) reduce their blood pressure, c) trigger the release of lymphocytes, d) gain social acceptance, e) reduce their mental alertness

gain social acceptance

Nerve cells in the brain receive life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from a) neurotransmitters, b) hormones, c) glial cells, d) motor neurons, e) sensory neurons

glial cells

Marijuana falls under what category of psychoactive drug?

hallucinogen

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, Betty enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. She is likely to a) have very relaxed muscles, b) talk in his sleep, c) have slower brain waves, d) be easily awakened

have very relaxed muscles

Hypnosis involves a state of a) elevated autonomic arousal, b) heightened openness to suggestion, c) low-amplitude and high-frequency brain waves, d) improved perceptual skills, e) increases physical stamina

heightened openness to suggestion

The body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state is known as _________.

homeostasis

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that a) as people grow older they need to spend progressively more time dreaming, b) dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences, c) humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep, d) dreams are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

Two year old Lisa perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of what kind of attachment?

insecure attachment

As Diana recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Diana's account represents the ________ content of her dream. a. manifest, b. latent, c. paradoxical, d. hallucinatory, e. hypnagogic

manifest

Jack has become relaxed, is experiencing mild hallucinations, and memory loss. What psychoactive drug has Jack been smoking?

marijuana

African infants have had a greater chance of survival if they have a living maternal grandmother who is without young children of her own. This fact has been used to support an evolutionary explanation of a) conservation, b) habituation, c) menopause, d) assimilation

menopause

Agonists are psychoactive drugs that a) produce tolerance to the drug without the associated withdrawal symptoms, b) mimic and produce the same effects as certain neurotransmitters, c) mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites

mimic and produce the same effects as certain neurotransmitters

What sleep disorder would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?

nonconscious level

After one rat sees a second rat open a box that contains a food reward, the first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This illustrates __________.

observational learning

Because our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly more, REM sleep is called _________.

paradoxical sleep

Damage to the temporal lobe area of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of a) perception, b) signal detection, c) transduction, d) accommodation, e) sensation

perception

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian a) chemist, b) physician, c) theologian, d) politician

physician

Just prior to awakening Grace from a hypnotic state, the therapist told her that during the next few days she would feel nauseous whenever she reached for a cigarette. Grace's therapist was attempting to make use of __________.

posthypnotic suggestion

At the center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is the need to

provide explanations for physiological activity

Although Hannah never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, she feels that she needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. This illustrates that Hannah has developed a __________.

psychological dependence

The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes combine to affect our immue system and health is called a) evolutionary psychology, b) cognitive psychology, c) psychopharmacological, d) biofeedback, e) psychoneuroimmunology

psychoneuroimmunology

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This illustrates the value of ________.

semantic encoding

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that is reduces a) blood pressure, b) sensitivity to pain, c) mental alertness, d) heart rate, e) the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream

sensitivity to pain

Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly _______ bits of information.

seven

A sleep disturbance characterized by snoring, short silences, and gasps is called

sleep apnea

Mr. Forest occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Forest complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Forest suffers from ________.

sleep apnea

Which waves are characteristic of stage 1 or light sleep?

small irregular waves with some alpha waves

Dr. Lorenz has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small African country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region. This belief illustrates a ________ perspective. humanistic evolutionary social-cultural

social-cultural

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60 year olds a) spend less time in Stage 1 sleep, b) spend less time in deep sleep, c) spend more time in paradoxical sleep, d) complete the sleep cycle more slowly, e) complete REM rebound more often

spend less time in deep sleep

In comparison with older people, babies a) sleep more fitfully; they tend to wake up more often, b) sleep more deeply; they spend more time in stage 3 and 4 sleep, c) spend more time in the REM stage than other sleep stages, d) spend more time in stage 1, which causes them to awaken easily

spend more time in the REM stage than other sleep stages

Night terrors and sleep walking occur during which stage of sleep?

stage 4

Nicotine is classified as a

stimulant

The cluster of brain cells that control the circadian rhythm is the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Our inability to fall asleep as early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of a) night terrors, b) sleep apnea, c) dissociation, d) the circadian rhythm, e) narcolepsy

the circadian rhythm

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in a) sleep apnea, b) narcolepsy, c) latent content, d) threatening dreams

threatening dreams

In the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the independent variable?

time of day

Elaine has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, she will become increasingly susceptible to a) night terrors, b) dissociation, c) viral infections, d) insomnia, e) sleep apnea

viral infections

According to Freud, dreams are very often a means of

wish fulfillment