Psych Ch. 1 Quiz Review

Suppose the correlation between children's body weight and their reading ability is -1.00. This would mean that

among children, better reading ability is associated with lower body weight.

If the correlation between children's intelligence and their creativity is +1.00, this would indicate that

among children, increased creativity is associated with higher intelligence.

Early behaviorists such as John B. Watson would have considered the study of conscious self-awareness to be

an unscientific method.

Differences between the genders

are no more common than gender similarities.

Dr. Ey conducts research on the relationship between brain functions and reasoning power. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Ey's research best represent?

biological psychology

By suggesting that nurture works on what nature provides, psychologists highlight the fact that we are biologically graced with a capacity for

brain plasticity.

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate

causes from effects.

Dr. McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders. He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders, as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes. He is working from a(n) ________ perspective.

cognitive

A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

critical thinking.

Which perspective would suggest that the facial expressions associated with the emotions of lust and rage are inherited?

evolutionary

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome.

Which of the following is NOT a documented gender difference?

developmental milestones

The group of people who are exposed to the treatment being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.

experimental

Which term refers to the behavioral characteristics that people associate with girls, boys, men, or women?

gender

Vishal believes that the Earth is flat and has befriended several people on social media who also hold this view. This is an example of how ________ can feed the acceptance of misinformation.

group identity

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

minimize any differences between groups of participants.

All those in a group being studied make up the

population

The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of

retrieving information.

Bria, who is taking her first psychology class, earned a C on her first exam. Although C is a passing grade, Bria would like to earn an A in this class. What can she do to help improve not only her grade but also her retention of the material?

Use the SQ3R method when studying.

Who promoted the early school of thought in psychology referred to as functionalism?

William James

Igene has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the full complexity of Igene's difficulties most clearly requires

a biopsychosocial approach.

Which of the following is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables?

a correlation coefficient

The case study is a research method in which

a single individual or group is studied in great depth.

Professor Mateev attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective.

behavior genetics

Which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment to our individual differences?

behavior genetics

Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________.

behavior; mental process

Bettina believes that her son has become a good student because he is frequently praised for his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

behavioral

Beverly is observing how children react to being pushed by other children while playing in the school yard. Which psychological perspective is she likely applying to her research?

behaviorism

Professor Duncan studies how people learn new information and how additional stimuli affect coding and memory. Professor Duncan's area of specialization is

cognitive psychology.

If participants in the experimental group of a study of athletic ability are much older than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a

confounding variable.

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems by working together; other participants were told to solve problems by working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group.

control

To determine whether the strength of people's self-esteem is related to their income level, researchers would most likely make use of

correlational research.

When you question the claim that hypnosis helps people to recall memories more accurately, you are most clearly demonstrating

critical thinking.

Mandi's grandmother has taught Mandi how to cook and sew and has explained to Mandi that these are important skills for women. This illustrates how

culture may influence views related to gender.

Three key elements of the scientific attitude are

curiosity, skepticism, and humility.

The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

develop general principles that help explain behavior.

A few weeks after a TV award show, viewers are likely to exaggerate their ability to have predicted the Emmy winners. This best illustrates

hindsight bias.

Bob MacElroy's stockbroker informed him that he suffered substantial investment losses. When Bob told his wife, she angrily responded, "I could have told you that your investment plan would fail!" Her comment best illustrates

hindsight bias.

Professor Ramesh told one class that eating wheat germ has been found to prevent heart attacks. He informed another class that researchers have found that there is no heart benefit to eating wheat germ. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best illustrates the power of

hindsight bias.

Dr. Anderson is a therapist who tends to focus on his client's growth potential and their need for love and acceptance. Dr. Anderson's area of specialization is

humanistic psychology.

In an experimental study of the impact of bullying on self-esteem, being bullied would be the ________ variable.

independent

In an experimental study, men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dosage) was the

independent variable.

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

intelligence and income.

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was

interpersonal attraction

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of lion societies in the jungle are using a research method known as

naturalistic observation.

Zack has advanced in competitive gymnastics rather quickly because he is genetically predisposed to enjoy competition and is quite flexible. This best illustrates that

nurture works on what nature provides.

In a published report of a research study on personal control, Drs. Jamison and Phillips included a 30-item questionnaire, which they had used to assess levels of personal control. The psychologists have thus provided their readers with a(n)

operational definition.

Which subfield in psychology investigates persistent traits?

personality

The personality theorist Sigmund Freud was an Austrian

physician

Professor Kurtines is researching the psychological benefit of friendships during adolescence. His research is best aligned with which approach to psychology?

positive psychology

When researchers publicly communicate planned study design, hypotheses, data collection, and analyses, they are engaged in

preregistration

Students learn and remember course materials best when they

process class information actively.

Six of the people in Mr. Martin's office were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as amazing and unlikely. In this instance, he should be reminded that

random sequences of events often don't look random.

Norman is especially prone to ulcers and has been told by friends and parents that spicy foods can lead to or aggravate ulcers. When dining with friends at a Mexican restaurant, he opted for a light salad. When asked why he was not indulging, he replied that he cannot eat spicy foods because he is prone to ulcers. Why might Norman believe this myth?

repetition

Why might so many people believe the commonly accepted idea that roaches could survive a nuclear bomb?

repetition

The self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answers is known as

the scientific method.

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

to that group by chance.

A major issue that has emerged from debates over the use of animals in psychological research centers on

what safeguards should protect the well-being of animals used in research.