Psych Ch.5 test
caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?
cocaine
which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?
cocaine
Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response?
lateralization
REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?
lowered muscle tone
Getting a headache from not having a morning coffee after substantial daily coffee consumption for several months is most likely due to
withdrawal
the painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as
withdrawal
which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning?
it depresses the central nervous sytem
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
it is correlated with dreaming
Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?
Anna Rose sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does
the drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters in the synapse during neural transmission are
SSRIs
which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
a cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as
a depressant
which of the following is classified as an antagonist?
a tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron
Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?
activation-synthesis
the explanation that holds that dream merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the
activation-synthesis theory
a certain drug that reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum, affect several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question?
alcohol
an individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drinks increasing amounts to achieve the state of well-being attained in the past. this individual is showing
alcohol tolerance
a drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as
an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
when a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
an opiate
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
antagonist
which of the following will NOT increase behavioral and mental activity?
barbiturates
in terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?
depressant
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
neurotransmitters that function like the drug morphine and are involved in modulation include which of the following?
endorphins
which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?
fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure
sigmund freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
gaining insight into unconscious motives
consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?
growing new dendrite spines
Lucid dreaming occurs when people
have dreams in which they are aware that they are dreaming
When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the
hippocampus
sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are
in REM sleep
which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?
individuals do not typically act out their dreams
Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by
inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes serotonin more available
Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?
narcolepsy
Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?
neuroplasticity
which of the following terms refer to the brain's ability to physically change over time in reaction to experience?
neuroplasticity
the brains ability to adapt after it is damaged is called
plasticity
which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?
prefrontal cortex, occipital lobe, cerebellum
a common psychological effect of alcohol intake is
reduced inhibition
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
sleep apnea
a patient reports constant sleepiness. a series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?
sleep apnea
the biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred as
the circadian rhythm
which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
the experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input
Sara had an argument with her coworker, Adam. That night, Sara had a dream that she was shopping at a mall and Adam was in every store in which she shopped. A psychoanalyst would say that Adam's being at the mall in her dream was an example of which of the following?
the latent content
which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
there is a disruption in their circadian rhythm