Psych Chapter 1
whose classic work, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, is still cited as evidence that definitions of masculinity and femininity are not biological givens?
Margaret Mead
which psychologist's controversial 1963 experiment involved participants being told to administer intense shocks to other participants?
Stanley Milgram
you want to answer the question, "do opposites really attract?" as a critical thinker using the scientific method, it is most important that you do which of the following?
be skeptical of self-reports as they may be biased
If you subscribe to this school of psychology, you believe that psychology is the study of only what is observable and measurable. This historical and modern perspective is better known as __________.
behaviorism
which of these disciplines falls under the heading of developmental psychology?
child psychologist
Trina is a psychology student who plans to work with patient who are struggling with depression and anxiety. She received her PhD in psychology and is starting a one-year internship in psychotherapy. After that, she'll have one more year of supervised practice before she can open her own practice. What career path is Trina on?
clinical psychologist
__________ is a research technique based on the naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables.
correlational research
Dr. Marglim has designed an experiment to measure the effect of a certain drug on factory workers' ability to concentrate. He has recruited participants who have signed informed-consent paperwork and who understand the potential side effects of the drug. What Dr. Marglim has not told participant is that all of them will actually be receiving a placebo. in this case, _______ is critical to the integrity of Dr. Marglim's experiment.
deception
which of the following is a part of the American Psychological Association (APA) code of ethics regarding psychological experiments?
deception about the goals of the research can be used only when absolutely necessary to the integrity of the research
in an experiment, the ________ variable is measured to see how it is changed by manipulation in the _______ variable
dependent; independent
If you believe that how you've acquired your mental and behavioral traits from your historical past is of key importance, then you're likely favoring the ______ view of psychology.
evolutionary
Psychologist William James developed the theory of ________.
functionalism
a(n) _____________ is a specific, testable prediction derived from a theory.
hypothesis
in an experiment to test the effects of sleep deprivation on test performance, a researcher who manipulates the amount of sleep that participants get is controlling the _______.
independent variable
What type of psychology is most likely to be desirable to Human Resources and personnel departments?
industrial/organizational
A psychologist following the scientific method would first:
make observations
which of these are among the 5 enduring issues of psychology?
person-situation
Mateo has been feeling very sad lately and has decided to see a mental health professional in order to receive a prescription for some antidepressant medication. He will also engage in psychotherapy with this individual. Mateo is most likely to visit a _________.
psychiatrist
which of these is the modern, formal definition of psychology?
psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
the emergence of psychology as a science in the 1900s can be seen as having occurred in the following 3 stages:
science of the mind, the behaviorist decades, the cognitive revolution
The 3 key terms that constitute the definition of psychology are _______.
scientific, behavioral, and mental processes
Critical thinkers are willing to _______.
subject their own deeply held beliefs to scrutiny
which of these is a major benefit of naturalistic observation as a research method?
the behavior observed in everyday life is likely to be more natural, spontaneous, and varied than that observed in a laboratory
We cannot understand human behavior without also understanding:
the influence of culture on human diversity
why is it important to distinguish between correlation and cause and effect?
two variables can be related to each other, but that does not does not imply that one causes the other
according to the APA code of ethics, are researchers who use animal in experiments ever allowed to subject those animals to pain or stress?
yes, but only when an alternative procedure in unavailable and the goal is justifies by its prospective scientific, educational, or applied value
understanding how and why groups differ in their values, behaviors, approaches to the world, thought processes, and responses to situations - in other words, understanding human ________, gives us tools to reduce interpersonal tensions.
diversity
Alessio believes that men's and women's gender roles are the result of biological adaptions in our deep ancestry. Women cared for children and men hunted and defended territory, he says, so it makes sense that, even today, women should be responsible for domestic duties and men should work outside the home. Alessio is using theories based in ________ to explain his views on gender roles.
evolutionary psychology
which of the following is a reason why feminist theory has been important in expanding traditional psychological theories?
it examines similarities and differences and puts a spotlight on gender stereotypes
what changes brought about the reopening of the study of things we cannot observe directly, like thoughts, by the science of psychology?
new research methods made the scientific study of mental processes possible
what are the 3 basic elements of consciousness according to Edward Bradford Tichener?
physical sensations, feelings, and images