Psych Chapter 10

Meredith was in a Head Start program as a child. What was the most likely result? a. Her attitude toward school, her health, and academic skills improved b. There was probably no measurable result; enrichment programs seem not to be able to compensate for early deprivation c. She received training in how to cope with academic stressors and consequently had less anxiety associated with school d. Her IQ score was raised dramatically the first year and continued to rise more slowly through high school

Her attitude toward school, her health, and academic skills improved

If intelligence were determined solely by heredity, the correlation of the IQ scores of identical twins would be a. +1.00 b. 0.00 c. -1.00 d. 0.50

a. +1.00

Unicorns have an average IQ score that is 10 points higher than centaurs. Given this information, what is the most accurate statement about the intelligence of a particular unicorn and a particular centaur a. We can't make any conclusions about their intelligence b. There is no difference in their intelligence c. The centaur is smarter than the unicorn d. The unicorn is smarter than the centaur

a. We can't make any conclusions about their intelligence

Dana is excellent in Trivial Pursuit, a game that measures knowledge gained over a lifetime. Dana's success in Trivial Pursuit is a reflection of her _____________ intelligence a. crystallized b. fluid c. process d. intrapersonal

a. crystallized

Psychologist Raymond Cattell would say that playing a game involving inductive and deductive reasoning ability, such as chess, primarily requires _________. he also would say that taking a test o geographical knowledge would primarily involve ___________ a. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence b. divergent thinking; parallel distributed processing c. parallel distributed processing; divergent thinking d. crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

a. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

Cosette took an intelligence test that used age-graded tasks similar to the original Stanford-Binet. Cosette, who is eight years old, most likely will a. have her mental age compared to her chronological age b. have a low IQ if she can't get any of the ten-year old's items right c. be graded more harshly than a seven-year-old d. be given only eight-year-olds' items

a. have her mental age compared to her chronological age

Dwight, Pam, and Jim are having a little argument about the nature of intelligence. Dwight argues that to understand intelligence, on need look at only the results of IQ tests. Pam says that one must consider many different tasks encountered in the real world, not just tests. Jim says that one must look to experimental evidence measuring processing speed, attentional resources, and memory capacity. Dwight adheres to the _________ approach, Pam adheres to the ____________ approach, and Jim adheres to the ___________ approach. a. psychometric; triarchic; information-processing b. psychometric; information-processing; triarchic c. information-processing; triarchic; psychometric d. information-processing; psychometric; triarchic

a. psychometric; triarchic; information-processing

A child with dyslexia would probably have difficulty a. reading Superman comic books b. obeying the verbal requests of her parents c. identifying whether something is sweet or sour d. remembering her brother's name

a. reading Superman comic books

Miguel was diagnosed as being developmentally disabled at a very early age. It was predicted that he would be able to develop vocal communication with rigorous teaching and attention, but he would require around-the-clock supervision and little benefit would be gained from schooling. Miguel would be classified as having a _____________ intellectual disability a. severe b. mild c. profound d. moderate

a. severe

As a school administrator, you have been asked to identify students who have scored at the 50th percentile or above on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). This means that you must identify only those students whose scores on the test (the IQ scores) are at least ________ or higher. a. 150 b. 100 c. 50 d. 75

b. 100

Bob, a tenth-grader, took a test that measured his potential for college success. Jill, another tenth-grader, took a test on the math chapter that had just been covered in class. Bob most likely took an _____________ measure, and Jill most likely took an _____________ measure. a. aptitude; aptitude b. aptitude; achievement c. achievement; aptitude d. achievement; achievement

b. aptitude; achievement

Morgan was adopted as a newborn and has always lived with his adoptive family. Now, at age twenty, he discovers that he has an identical twin brother. According to research, Morgan's IQ score will be most similar to his a. adoptive brother and sister b. biological twin c. biological mother d. adoptive mother

b. biological twin

When Avena was nine years old she took the WISC, and her IQ was estimated to be 106. Avena, who is now twenty-seven, took the WAIS and her IQ was estimated to be 110. Avena's IQ scores indicate that the Wechsler tests have good ____________ reliability a. test-retest b. content c. alternate form d. split-half

b. content

Dr. Ciccone is developing a new test to measure readiness for college. Two questions on the test are "Who was Strawberry Shortcake?" and "What is the fastest car to drive?" On the basis of this information, we can conclude that Dr. Ciccone's test lacks a. statistical reliability b. content validity c. criterion validity d. norms

b. content validity

Silus is a talented author of fictional stories. He is also known for coming up with inventive advertising campaigns for his work clients. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, Silus must rate highly in ___________ intelligence. a. practical b. creative c. naturalistic d. analytic

b. creative

All of the following components are necessary for creativity except a. internal reasons that motivate one to work harder b. external rewards that motivate one to work harder c. experience in the field of endeavor d. a capacity for divergent thinking

b. external rewards that motivate one to work harder

Group differences in IQ scores can be attributed to nongenetic factors. All of the following are noted as significant environmental influences except a. extent of parents' educational background b. geographic location c. parenting styles d. socioeconomic status

b. geographic location

As people over sixty-five years old grow older, their crystallized intelligence will __________ and their fluid intelligence will ___________ a. decrease; increase b. increase; decrease c. increase; increase d. decrease; decrease

b. increase; decrease

Juanita is creating a culture-fair test to measure the intelligence levels of her third-graders. Her test will probably consist primarily of a. items that assess vocabulary b. items that assess problem-solving skills c. more verbal items than nonverbal items d. items that assess motivation

b. items that assess problem-solving skills

Based on the results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study and other similar "tracking cognitive abilities over the lifespan" studies, all of the following are true except a. older adults tend to become less flexible in problem-solving tasks b. most people's fluid intelligence remains intact, while their crystallized intelligence begins to decline as they age c. in general, cognitive abilities usually remain the same from early adulthood until 60-75 years of age d. as we age, our ability to direct and control attention tends to decline

b. most people's fluid intelligence remains intact, while their crystallized intelligence begins to decline as they age

Individuals with outstanding ability in a narrowly defined skill proved evidence in support of the __________ theory of intelligence a. triarchic b. multiple intelligences c. fluid and crystallized d. psychometric

b. multiple intelligences

Pauline scored low on the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). However, she works as a Girl Scout leader and is capable of finding her way out of the woods whenever the troop gets lost. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would say that Pauline probably has __________ intelligence. a. creative b. practical c. interpersonal d. logical-mathematical

b. practical

One difference between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the original Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale is that the Wechsler scales a. can be used to test more than one individual at a time b. present verbal and performance tasks separately c. are culture-free d. are designed solely for measuring the intelligence of children

b. present verbal and performance tasks separately

Researchers are in the process of developing a new college entrance exam. They want to ensure that wherever the test is given, it will be administered, scored, and interpreted in the same manner. In other words, the researchers are concerned with a. statistical reliability b. standardization c. quantification d. statistical validity

b. standardization

Anita is hoping to have an intelligent baby, and because you have taken psychology, she asked you for advice. Assuming that the information-processing model of intelligence is correct, which brain attribute would you most recommend? a. Extensive lateralization b. Numerous sulci and gyri c. High speed d. Large size

c. High speed

Which of the following statements is true regarding group differences in IQ scores a. Genetic factors alone can account for differences in scores between ethnic groups b. There is no significant differences between the average scores of those from upper-class communities and those from lower-class communities c. Variation within ethnic groups is much greater than variation between them d. The average score of European Americans is slightly higher than the average score of Asian Americans

c. Variation within ethnic groups is much greater than variation between them

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, to solve the analogy "Winter is to hibernation as summer is to...," you would rely most on ____________ intelligence a. spatial b. creative c. analytic d. practical

c. analytic

When investigating the Rosenthal and Jacobson study of teacher expectations, in which several randomly chosen children were described as "potential bloomers," it was found that teachers a. favored the "blooming" children by allowing them more freedom and extra privileges b. favored the "blooming" children with extra help on difficult topics c. favored the "blooming" children with extra social reinforcement, such as smiles and eye contact d. treated "blooming" children the same as "nonblooming" children

c. favored the "blooming" children with extra social reinforcement, such as smiles and eye contact

Sternberg's triarchic theory emphasized three different types of intelligence. Which of the following is not one of the three types? a. practical b. creative c. fluid d. analytic

c. fluid

Terman's longitudinal study of people with extremely high IQs found that nearly all of them a. become world-famous investors, writers, artists, and so on b. completed a Ph.D., medical degree, or law degree c. had higher than average physical and mental health d. dropped out of high school and became entrepreneurs

c. had higher than average physical and mental health

At a school board meeting, there is a debate as to whether or not the schools should have children who are developmentally disabled taught in the same classrooms as their peers who do not have cognitive disabilities. The effectiveness of this type of ____________ is still highly debated a. second-order conditioning b. systematic desensitization c. inclusion d. latent learning

c. inclusion

According to the textbook, the definition of intelligence includes all of the following except a. the ability to think or reason abstractly b. the ability to arrive eat innovative solutions to problems c. maturational functions d. knowledge of one's culture

c. maturational functions

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, a community living near the Arctic Circle 500 years ago without any contact with other societies was likely to have ascribed the characteristic of intelligence to someone who a. was good at negotiating deals with foreigners for goods and services b. understood the medicinal value of many herbs and plants c. was skilled at catching seals, fish, and small game d. could calculate the square root of six-digit numbers in his head

c. was skilled at catching seals, fish, and small game

Suppose the SAT were revised so that a score of 500 corresponded to a score of 100 on the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). A score of 500 or more would therefore be achieved by at least _____________ percent of the examinees. a. 75 b. 0 c. 100 d. 50

d. 50

Norms for a new test of mental ability were obtained from a large sample of the general population. The mean of the test was set to 100 and the standard deviation was 15. Approximately what percentage of the population would fall within the range bounded by the scores of 85 and 115? a. 98 percent b. 20 percent c. 2 percent d. 68 percent

d. 68 percent

Which of the following is not true regarding intelligence tests a. IQ tests seem to be most valid for assessing aspects of intelligence that are related to schoolwork b. For teenagers and adults, the statistical reliability of IQ tests is high c. Evidence shows that employees who score high on tests of verbal and mathematical reasoning ten to perform better on the job d. IQ scores obtained before the age of seven typically correlate highly with scores on IQ tests given later

d. IQ scores obtained before the age of seven typically correlate highly with scores on IQ tests given later

Rasha is a nine-year-old with a measured IQ of 70. Which of the following is probably true of Rasha? a. Her knowledge of the world is lower than her peers b. She has Down Syndrome c. Rasha's mother has an intellectual disability d. She has performed below the average for nine-year-olds

d. She has performed below the average for nine-year-olds

When Goddard gave his IQ test to World War I Military recruits, he included a scale that relied more heavily on pictures and acting out instructions. Still, he found 47 percent of the men tested had a mental age of thirteen or less. Why? a. The test required more creativity than the Alpha test b. Goddard tested the men one at a time and discriminated against black recruits c. The men were mentally defective d. The test was culturally biased

d. The test was culturally biased

Alejandra has created a theory for understanding intelligence. She posits that several underlying factors, such as verbal fluency, perceptual ability, and memory, are the most important factors in describing a person's cognitive abilities. Alejandra's theory essentially describes a. Cattell's fluid and crystallized intelligences b. Sternberg's triarchic theory c. the information processing model d. Thurstone's primary mental abilities

d. Thurstone's primary mental abilities

Which of the following statements is false? a. a test can be reliable without being valid b. a test can be both valid and reliable c. a test can be neither valid nor reliable d. a test can be valid without being reliable

d. a test can be valid without being reliable

Keala took a test to measure his potential for college success. Keala must have taken a(n) __________ measure a. achievement b. split-half c. divergent thinking d. aptitude

d. aptitude

Lewis Terman and the other psychologists who adopted IQ tests for use in the United States in the early 1900s believed that intelligence is a. solely influenced by the environment b. influenced by the reaction range c. nonexistent d. fixed and inherited

d. fixed and inherited

Costanza believes that he is a highly intelligent person because he has a "fast brain" and is always the first person to finish a test, as well as being able to pay attention to many things at once and think in cognitively complex ways. Costanza's belief is most like which theory of intelligence? a. psychometric b. ecological c. multiple intelligences d. information-processing

d. information-processing

Cara suggests that her friend Iris pursue a career in social work due to her ability to empathize with and understand others. According to Garner's theory of intelligences, Iris would have high _________ intelligence. a. naturalistic b. intrapersonal c. practical d. interpersonal

d. interpersonal

You believe that elephants have intelligence and that this intelligence increases as elephants get older. You test your hypothesis by observing the behaviors of the same group of elephants at birth and then at five-year intervals. What type of study is this? a. experimental b. developmental c. cross-sectional d. longitudinal

d. longitudinal

Iman, a fifth-grade teacher, believes it is important to determine the intelligence of each of her students. However, she doesn't believe that traditional tests provide an accurate description of abilities such as interpersonal communication, music, or athleticism. What approach to intelligence would Iman most likely agree with? a. triarchic b. psychometric c. information-processing d. multiple intelligences

d. multiple intelligences

Diti tries to study the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores. Diti most likely follows the ___________ approach to intelligence a. information-processing b. ecological c. multiple intelligences d. psychometric

d. psychometric

We have conducted the same experiment fifteen times, and each time we obtain the same results. We can conclude that our data are probably a. valid b. biased c. archival d. reliable

d. reliable

Fiona and Michael were discussing how best to measure intelligence. Fiona says that while she acknowledges that traditional IQ tests are useful, it is important to also include questions that measure how well people can adapt to new situations and their ability to create something new, along with how well people can apply their intelligence to everyday problems. Michael disagrees and says that only traditional IQ tests should be used because intelligence is one general trait, the g factor. Fiona is an advocate for the ____________ theory, and Michael is an advocate for the ___________ theory. a. triarchic; multiple intelligences b. psychometric; information-processing c. psychometric; triarchic d. triarchic; psychometric

d. triarchic; psychometric

Vlade is experiencing test anxiety during his psychology exam. His symptoms are likely to include all of the following except a. heart palpitations b. negative thoughts about failing the exam c. sweating d. unconsciousness

d. unconsciousness