PSYCH Chapter 2

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Approximately how many genes does a typical human have, according to the latest research?

21,000

_______try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of both.

Behavior geneticists

Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

Evolutionary psychology

longevity genes

Make the individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age

Which evolutionary process determines that individuals of a species best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce?

Natural Selection

T/F: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.

True

Final male chromosome is

X and Y chromosome

Meiosis

a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells.

Fertilization

an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse to make zygote

Apgar Scale

asses the health of newborns post birth

passive genotype-environment correlations

biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child

Mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei ; 23 pairs

mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of 23 chromosomes

active genotype-environment correlation

children seek out compatible and stimulating environemnts

According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors

do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.

Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and____________

fertilization

anoxia

fetus receives insufficient oxygen

meiosis

form eggs and sperms (gametes)

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

The period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception is known as the ______ period.

germinal

According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that:

increase reproductive success

Hereditary-Environment Correlations

individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed or seek

gene-gene interaction

interdependence of two or more genes in influencing characteristics, behavior, diseases, and development

susceptibility genes

make an individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or acceleration of aging

epigenetic view

ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment

The female egg is known as the:

ovum

mutated gene

permanently altered segment of DNA

Phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is

retained in our DNA

evocative genotype-environment correlations

the child's characteristics elicit certain types of environments

How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next?

the genetic code inherited from our parents

gene x environment (G x E) interaction

the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment

behavior genetics

the study of influence of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Final female chromosome is

two X chromosomes


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