PSYCH Chapter 2
Approximately how many genes does a typical human have, according to the latest research?
21,000
_______try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of both.
Behavior geneticists
Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
Evolutionary psychology
longevity genes
Make the individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age
Which evolutionary process determines that individuals of a species best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce?
Natural Selection
T/F: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.
True
Final male chromosome is
X and Y chromosome
Meiosis
a specialized form of cell division occurs to form egg and sperm cells.
Fertilization
an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse to make zygote
Apgar Scale
asses the health of newborns post birth
passive genotype-environment correlations
biological parents provide a rearing environment for the child
Mitosis
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei ; 23 pairs
mitosis
cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of 23 chromosomes
active genotype-environment correlation
children seek out compatible and stimulating environemnts
According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors
do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.
Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and____________
fertilization
anoxia
fetus receives insufficient oxygen
meiosis
form eggs and sperms (gametes)
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
The period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception is known as the ______ period.
germinal
According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that:
increase reproductive success
Hereditary-Environment Correlations
individuals' genes may influence the types of environments to which they are exposed or seek
gene-gene interaction
interdependence of two or more genes in influencing characteristics, behavior, diseases, and development
susceptibility genes
make an individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or acceleration of aging
epigenetic view
ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment
The female egg is known as the:
ovum
mutated gene
permanently altered segment of DNA
Phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is
retained in our DNA
evocative genotype-environment correlations
the child's characteristics elicit certain types of environments
How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next?
the genetic code inherited from our parents
gene x environment (G x E) interaction
the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment
behavior genetics
the study of influence of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
Final female chromosome is
two X chromosomes
