psych chapter thirteen questions
Approximately _____ percent of the population suffer from panic disorder.
1-2
Approximately 1 in _____ Americans reports having experienced a depressive or bipolar disorder in the past year.
10
The odds of becoming addicted to cocaine after trying the drug is _____ percent.
17
In a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels, researchers went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of _____days later.
19
In the United States, bipolar disorder affects women and men in a ratio of:
1:1
Having drug-abusing biological parents increases the risk of drug abuse among adopted people by a factor of:
2
The odds of becoming addicted to tobacco after trying the drug is _____ percent.
32
Drug overdoses account for about _____ percent of suicide attempts, but only _____ percent of suicide fatalities.
80; 14
What percentage of Americans agreed that "increased government spending on mental health screening and treatment" would be a "somewhat" or "very" effective "approach to preventing mass shootings at schools?"
84%
Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty waiting to take turns in playground games with his classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of
ADHD
Why might alcohol make a person more helpful or more aggressive?
Alcohol is a disinhibitor—it makes us more likely to do what we would have done when sober, whether that is being helpful or being aggressive.
Which of the following statements is true of bulimia nervosa?
Bulimia is marked by weight fluctuations within or above normal ranges.
Increased activity in brain areas linked with the control and inhibition of traumatic memories has been linked with
DID
Two or more distinct identities appear to alternately control the behavior of those with
DID
Which of these disorders is almost never diagnosed in countries such as Great Britain, Japan, and India?
DID
Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system MOST often used in the United States, she should read the _____.
DMS-5
Most psychologists and psychiatrists use _____ to classify psychological disorders.
DSM descriptions and codes
Near-death experiences are strikingly similar to the experiences evoked by _____.
LSD
The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by
LSD
Who is MOST likely to commit a violent criminal act?
Marco, who has schizophrenia
Matthew spends each morning counting every book in his personal library, as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work. He repeats the process when he comes home. He recognizes that this is irrational, but he becomes extremely agitated when he tries to stop. Matthew's behaviors are most likely symptoms of
OCD
People who are troubled by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions or both are suffering from:
OCD
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of
OCD
Taryn, who was sexually assaulted in a parking lot, experiences frequent nightmares and has withdrawn from her family and friends. Since the attack, she has difficulty sleeping and can no longer hold down a job. Taryn's symptoms indicate that she suffers from
PTSD
Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is FALSE?
The DSM-5 is of little practical value to mental health workers because it does not predict the future course of a disorder.
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. On the other hand, Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Which reason does NOT explain why only Naima's hand washing is considered part of a psychological disorder?
The behavior has been part of Naima's upbringing.
Clark is restless and irritable when he tries to cut back on his gambling habit, even though he has lost thousands of dollars betting in weekly poker games. Clark is most clearly experiencing symptoms of
a behavior addiction
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with
a manic episode
A feeling of intense dread that can be accompanied by chest pains, choking sensations, or other frightening sensations is called
a panic attack
Jules has been in and out of prison for various crimes in which he scammed people out of their money. He feels no guilt or remorse for his behavior; in fact, he blames his victims for being "suckers." Jules best illustrates
a personality disorder
Mr. Santo has not left his home for 10 years for fear of having a panic attack. When he does think of leaving his home, he begins to hyperventilate, shake, and experience chest pains. Mr. Santo has the symptoms of
agoraphobia
Worry that a panic attack might occur can result in an individual avoiding places. This can lead to a condition called:
agoraphobia
Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese, even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of
anorexia nervosa
Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she has stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She then began portioning the amount of food she ate and claiming to have already eaten. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 105 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of:
anorexia nervosa
Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for armed robbery, sexual assault, and domestic abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:
antisocial personality disorder
Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates
antisocial personality disorder
Last week, Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having:
antisocial personality disorder
Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
_____ disorders are characterized by distressing, persistent nervousness or by maladaptive behaviors that reduce the feeling.
anxiety
People who are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder:
are tense and apprehensive all the time
After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive, dependent type" and "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study best illustrated the
biasing power of diagnostic labels
After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study BEST illustrates the:
biasing power of diagnostic labels.
Which category is new in the DSM-5?
binge-eating disorder
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____ model.
biopsychosocial
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a(n) _____ model.
biopsychosocial
Dr. Gonzales seeks to account for the substance abuse of her therapy clients in terms of their abusive home environments, their limited sense of life purpose, and the altered functioning of their neurotransmitter systems. Dr. Gonzales is most clearly using a _____ approach to understanding addictive behaviors.
biopsychosocial
Many psychologists reject the disorders-as-illness view and instead maintain that other factors may also be involved—for example, the person's bad habits and poor social skills. This view represents the _____ approach.
biopsychosocial
Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n) _____ disorder.
bipolar
The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.
bipolar
_____ disorder consists of states of sadness alternating with periods of overexcited hyperactivity.
bipolar
Malik was severely depressed for two weeks, but then became very agitated, going on wild spending sprees and driving recklessly around town. He was arrested for running into a bar with no clothes while laughing and yelling very loudly. Malik's behavior illustrates
bipolar disorder
Thirty-year-old Jeremy has extreme, recurring mood swings in which he experiences severe bouts of depression and then becomes extremely agitated and euphoric for no apparent reason. Jeremy is most clearly suffering from
bipolar disorder
Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of
bulimia nervosa
________ is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person engages in binge eating and then purges the excessive food consumption by self-induced vomiting or by the misuse of laxatives or enemas.
bulimia nervosa
Which type of schizophrenia develops slowly and is less responsive to treatment?
chronic schizophrenia
Which of the following psychoactive drugs produces the quickest and most powerful rush of euphoria?
cocaine
Last week, Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to
communicate about their clients, study the underlying causes of psychological problems, choose the most effective course of treatment
The learning perspective proposes that phobias are
conditioned fears
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.
conditioning
Long-term use of Ecstasy can
damage serotonin-producing neurons
Nicotine triggers a(n) ________ in anxiety and a(n) ________ in mental alertness.
decrease, increase
Over the past 50 years, women in Western cultures have expressed ________ satisfaction with their body, and they have experienced a(n) ________ incidence of serious eating disorders.
decreasing; increasing
A _____ is a false belief that often accompanies schizophrenia.
delusion
A person with positive symptoms of schizophrenia is most likely to experience
delusions
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from
delusions
Betty's husband passed away two years ago after a prolonged battle with cancer. To this day, Betty finds it difficult to function. She quit her job, rarely leaves the house, and cries almost every day. Recent changes to the DSM would allow Betty to be diagnosed with:
depression
wo major disorders that are found worldwide are schizophrenia and _____.
depression
David Rosenhan and colleagues (1973) conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:
diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."
A drug that leads people to behave impulsively and to lack normal behavioral restraint or self-control is said to act as a(n)
disinhibitor
Many researchers believe that several of the symptoms of schizophrenia result from an overabundance of receptors for the neurotransmitter
dopamine
While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for _____, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.
dopamine
The drug ______ became popular in the 1990s in nightclubs and all-night raves.
ecstasy
This drug is BOTH a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen that can destroy serotonin-producing neurons with repeated use.
ecstasy
A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, is characterized by
enduring and inflexible behavior patterns that impair social functioning.
_____ is the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a change in DNA.
epigenetics
According to the textbook, 9-month-old infants attend more to sounds representing ancient threats, such as thunder, than to sounds representing modern dangers, such as gunfire. This BEST supports the role of _____in anxiety.
evolution
Research on psychological disorders and violence indicates that
focusing gun restrictions only on mentally ill people is unlikely to significantly reduce gun violence
_____ proposed that, beginning in childhood, people repress intolerable impulses, ideas, and feelings, and that this submerged mental energy sometimes produces mystifying symptoms, such as anxiety.
freud
Delilah is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Delilah MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder
generalized anxiety
Diane is constantly concerned about things at work, even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life, even when she is at work. Diane has free-floating worry that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane MOST likely suffers from _____disorder.
generalized anxiety
Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
People with schizophrenia may hear voices urging self-destruction, an example of a(n) ________.
hallucination
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing
hallucinations
People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions called _____, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.
hallucinations
Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are MOST likely to reduce:
hallucinations
Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are MOST likely to reduce:
hallucinations
Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce
hallucinations
Which of the following was eliminated from the American Psychiatric Association's list of psychological disorders in 1973?
homosexuality
_____ is NOT a psychoactive drug.
ibuprofen
Use of marijuana
impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory
The biological effects of anxiety disorders can express themselves in two areas of the brain, one responsible for _____ and the other for _____.
impulse control; habitual behavior
If you have a parent or sibling with depression or bipolar disorder, your chances of also having depression or bipolar disorder:
increase
Julia is suffering from depression. In addition to medication to alleviate her symptoms, Julia's doctor may also recommend that she _____ to increase serotonin.
increase exercise
Corey is trying to cut back on his consumption of caffeinated beverages. He will NOT experience:
increased energy
An intense fear of spiders isn't considered a psychological disorder unless
it interferes with normal day-to-day life.
Dissociative identity disorder is controversial because
it is almost never reported outside of North America
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression such as lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must:
last for two or more weeks
The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with:
learned helplessness
PET scans of murderers' brains have revealed
lower-than-normal activation in the frontal lobes.
Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from
major depressive disorder
For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from:
major depressive disorder
John is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, he is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and he cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from
major depressive disorder
Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of
mania
A therapist says that psychological disorders are sicknesses and people with these disorders should be treated as patients in a hospital. This therapist believes in the ______ model.
medical
Which of these cultural groups has a lower rate of substance abuse as compared with the general population?
mennonites
Which factor is the WEAKEST predictor of violence?
mental illness
Young women can become addicted to alcohol ________ quickly than young men because they have ________ of a stomach enzyme that digests alcohol.
more, less
People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder are:
mostly women
Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior is reflects the _____symptoms of schizophrenia.
negative
_____ symptoms are to an absence of appropriate behaviors as _____ symptoms are to a presence of inappropriate behaviors.
negative; positive
To reduce feelings of tension and anxiety, Hannah often rubs the surfaces of her fingers and hands with a fingernail file until she bleeds. Hannah's behavior best illustrates
nonsuicidal self-injury
Treatment for depression often includes drugs that increase supplies of the neurotransmitters _____and _____.
norepinephrine; serotonin
Marina became consumed with the need to clean the entire house and refused to participate in any other activities. Her family consulted a therapist, who diagnosed her as having _____-_____ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of _____ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for three to four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
Chances for recovery from schizophrenia are best when
onset is sudden, in response to stress
A reduction in anxiety, pupil constriction, slower respiration, and feelings of lethargy are associated with _____.
opiates
The depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,
opiates
Generalized anxiety disorder, panic attacks, PTSD, and OCD express themselves biologically by:
overarousing areas of the brain responsible for impulse control and habitual behaviors.
MOST teens and college students:
overestimate how much their peers are using drugs
Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by
oxygen deprivation
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra MOST likely is suffering from _____ disorder.
panic
Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.
panic
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced an irregular heartbeat, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely suffers from
panic attacks
Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of
panic disorder
Rates of bipolar disorder have risen dramatically in the twenty-first century, especially among
people 19 and under
People with a(n) _____ disorder have a tendency to behave in ways that interfere with their social interactions. They may withdraw and avoid social contact or behave in a way that ignores the social rights of others.
personality
_____ disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning.
personality
When Darcy's boyfriend told her he wanted to break up, she became outraged. She later broke all of the windows in his car and attacked a woman he was talking to. Darcy has a history of impulsive behavior and dramatic outbursts, which has cost her many friends. Darcy most clearly illustrates symptoms of a(n)
personality disorder
Anxiety that takes the form of an irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a _______
phobia
Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Kyle has been given a diagnosis of schizophrenia. He hears voices and believes the government is plotting to steal his internal organs and sell them to foreign governments. Kyle is demonstrating the ________ symptoms of schizophrenia.
positive
Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior is known as:
positive symptoms
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of
post traumatic stress disorder
Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is MOST clearly showing signs of _____ disorder.
post-traumatic stress
Until 1973, homosexuality was classified as an illness by the American _____ Association.
psychiatric
Caffeine and nicotine are both _____ drugs.
psychoactive
Chemicals that change perceptions and moods through their actions at the neural synapses are referred to as _____ drugs.
psychoactive
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear may be the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a(n) _____ perspective.
psychoanalytic
The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the
psychodynamic perspective
Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from
schizophrenia
Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for
schizophrenia
The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of
serotonin
The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of:
serotonin
Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant called Paxil that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.
serotonin
Sufferers of _____ disorder avoid settings where others might judge them because of the fear that they may be evaluated negatively.
social anxiety
Will has an intense fear of speaking in public. Because he can only engage in one-on-one discussions, he has been passed over for promotions. Will may be suffering from _____ disorder.
social anxiety
Tonya, who recently discovered her husband was having an affair, disappeared for several days and was found by the police sleeping under a bridge. She claimed that her name was Mary and that she had no clear memory of her life or identity. Her symptoms best illustrate
social anxiety disorder
Which condition BEST illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
social withdrawal
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
social withdrawal
Psychologists who emphasize the importance of negative perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts in depression are working within the _____-______ perspective.
social-cognitive
Amanda blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this blaming of herself rather than the slumping economy. Her therapist's suggestion BEST illustrates a:
social-cognitive perspective
The MOST common hallucinations experienced in schizophrenia are:
sounds and voices
An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are
specific and temporary
Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from
specific phobia
Felix can't remember the conversation he had with his girlfriend yesterday when he was intoxicated with alcohol. His memory failure is most likely a result of the way alcohol
suppresses REM sleep
The widely used system for classifying psychological disorders is known as
the DSM-5
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by
the biopsychosocial approach
An important psychological contributor to drug use is
the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless
To prevent or reduce marijuana use, young people should be educated about
the long-term costs of regular marijuana use
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of
the medical model
In a double-blind procedure, one group of men is given a beverage containing alcohol and a second group is given a similar-tasting beverage that contains no alcohol. In each group, half the men are told that they are drinking an alcoholic beverage and half are told that their beverage is nonalcoholic. All the men then view erotic movies. After watching the erotic material, research indicates that:
the men who thought they were drinking alcohol will feel LESS guilty than those who did NOT think they were drinking alcohol, regardless of the true content of the beverage.
Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates
the social-cognitive perspective
What have all of the mass-killing shooters had in common?
they were all young males
After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as __________.
tolerance
Benny enjoys the feelings created by drinking alcohol. However, over the last several years he has noticed that it takes more and more alcohol to create the desired effects. MOST specifically, Benny's experience illustrates the phenomenon of:
tolerance
Through continued usage, an individual's brain may adapt to compensate for the effects of a drug. This adaptation is called:
tolerance
With repeated use of alcohol, a user's brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug's effect. As a result, the user demonstrates signs of
tolerance
One potential fear of the new classification of "disruptive mood dysregulation disorder" is that it will:
turn a normal temper tantrum into a mental disorder.
The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.
viral infections
Which factor is NOT affected by a psychological disorder?
vision
The discomfort and distress following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates
withdrawal
Although questions remain concerning the cause(s) of depression, we do know that
women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from major depressive disorder.
The "gender gap" in depression refers to the finding that _____(men's/women's) risk of depression is nearly double that of _____(men's/women's).
women's; men's
