psych exam 3

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. A a habit B a motivation C an instinct D homeostasis

A A HABIT

________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise. A anorexia nervosa B bulimia nervosa C leptin nervosa D satiation nervosa

A ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Which of the following statements about drive theory is incorrect? A According to drive theory, we are driven to develop new physiological needs in order to motivate our own behavior. B According to drive theory, needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need. C According to drive theory, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. D According to drive theory, once our behavior successfully reduces a drive, we are more likely to repeat the behavior if the drive reoccurs.

A According to drive theory, we are driven to develop new physiological needs in order to motivate our own behavior.

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. A cognition B personality C targeting D schema

A COGNITION

________ motivation arises from external factors or rewards. A extrinsic B habit C intrinsic D instinct

A EXTRINSIC

The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions. A feedback B mediation C reaction D response

A FEEDBACK

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in-ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language. A grammar B lexicon C syntax D thesaurus

A GRAMMAR

Which of the following statements about Howard Gardner is false? A He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate. B He developed a theory in which each person possesses at least eight intelligences. C He was a former student of Erik Erikson. D He developed Multiple Intelligences Theory.

A He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate.

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala. A Schachter; neurotransmitter B basolateral; nucleus C James-Lange; basal D neuro; hippocampus

B basolateral; nucleus

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization. A social; imaginary B biological; social C special; biological D special; imaginary

B biological; social

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The components of cognition are physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience. A change the word "appraisal" to the word "arousal" B change the word "cognition" to the word "emotion" C change the word "physiological" to the word "neurotransmitter" D change the word "subjective" to the word "objective"

B change the word "cognition" to the word "emotion

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they________. A are not encouraged to reach their potential B experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores C don't care about IQ testing D are exposed to a greater degree of diversity, which causes their brains to function differently, thus resulting in a type of intelligence that IQ tests do not measure

B experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation. A emotion B extrinsic C habit D intrinsic

B extrinsic

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. A binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed B how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger C the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time D a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism

B how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A acceptance B physiological C emotional D social

B physiological

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________. A did not identify enough African American children in need of special education B was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children C disadvantaged their children by placing them in special education classes D resulted in less funding

B was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. A practical B creative C analytical D academic

C ANALYTICAL

At what age can babies only discriminate among those phonemes that are used in the language(s) in their environments? A 9-11 months old B 6-8 months old C 1-30 days old D 12 months old

D 12 MONTHS OLD

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see." A 12 to 17 B 0 to 5 C 6 to 11 D 18 to 24

D 18 TO 24

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law? A A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when vacuuming the house. B A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when dusting the house. C A high level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when creating a bomb. D A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

D A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers. A power B intimacy C achievement D affiliation

D AFFILIATION

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________. A bulimia B Prader-Willi syndrome C high metabolism D anorexia

D ANOREXIA

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought? A Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner B Noam Chomsky and B. F. Skinner C Raymond Cattell and Robert Sternberg D Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

D Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence. A common sense B analytic C crystallized D fluid

D FLUID

What is a common criticism of Kinsey's sex research? A He discovered crimes that he did not report to police. B He made up data. C It was unethical to ask participants about their sexual behavior. D It is riddled with sampling and statistical errors.

D It is riddled with sampling and statistical errors.

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. Greg is ________. A underweight B overweight C normal D obese

D OBESE

Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. A emotional B social C acceptance D physiological

D PHYSIOLOGICAL

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A artificial B script C event D role

D ROLE

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list. A ambition B power C intimacy D achievement

D achievement

Body dysmorphia is a ________. A genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger B type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating C type of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system D distorted body image

D distorted body image

Which of the following is an example of instinct? A fear of the dark B love of nicotine C dressing baby girls in the color pink D infant rooting for a nipple

D infant rooting for a nipple

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________. A motivating us to engage in different behaviors B creating an attraction/repulsion complex C providing twice as much enjoyment D no longer providing that same enjoyment

D no longer providing that same enjoyment

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children? A perceptual reasoning B verbal comprehension C working memory D processing memory

D processing memory

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. A suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption B suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence C demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins D revealed a genetic component to intelligence

D revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Which of the following is a way that the Kinsey research differed from the Masters and Johnson research? A Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables. B The research of Masters and Johnson was considered very controversial and the research of Kinsey was not. C Kinsey recorded measurements of physiological variables; Masters and Johnson collected data with personal interviews. D Kinsey's research was funded and the Masters and Johnson research was not.

A Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables.

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. A motivation B habit C instinct D dysphoria

A MOTIVATION

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization." A The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched. B The name "Arthur Jensen" should be changed to the name "Howard Gardener." C The word "rote" should be changed to with the word "routine." D The word "conceptual" should be eliminated.

A The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched

Amir bites his fingernails. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. A a habit B an instinct C a motivation D homeostasis

A a habit

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Prader-Willi syndrome is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social problems. A change the name "Prader-Willi syndrome" to the name "Autism Spectrum Disorder" B change the name "Prader-Willi syndrome" to the name "PWS" C change the word "communication" to the word "emotional" D change the word "neurodevelopmental" to the word "physiological"

A change the name "Prader-Willi syndrome" to the name "Autism Spectrum Disorder"

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________. A Prader-Willi syndrome B anorexia C high metabolism D bulimia

B ANOREXIA

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over. A lexicon B babbling C phoneme D baby talk

B BABBLING

Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis. A motivational B drive C James-Lange D feedback

B DRIVE

The ________ response cycle includes four phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. A leptin B sexual C luteal D hormone

B SEXUAL

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it." A The word "acquired" should be changed to the word "practiced." B The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized." C The word "retrieve" should be changed to the word "practice." D The word "intelligence" should be changed to the word "intellect."

B The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized."

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers. A power B affiliation C achievement D intimacy

B affiliation

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? A jerking your hand back from a hot burner B babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval C dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment D mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn because you believe it is the right thing to do

B babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval

Which of the following is a way that the James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion? A According to the James-Lange theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal. B According to the James-Lange theory, facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, facial expressions are incapable of influencing our emotions. C According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor. D According to the James-Lange theory, our appraisal of the stimulus determines our cognitions, which then influence our emotions; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.

C According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor. D According to the James-Lange theo

Jude is a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to both men and women. Jude is ________. A homeostatic B body dysmorphic C bisexual D heterosexual

C BISEXUAL

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script. A artificial B role C event D mental

C EVENT

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________. A behaviors B socialization C experiences D personality

C EXPERIENCES

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify? A naturalist B intrapersonal C interpersonal D linguistic

C INTERPERSONAL

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working. A anchoring bias B trial and error C mental set D functional fixedness

C MENTAL SET

_______ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise. A bulimia nervosa B leptin nervosa C anorexia nervosa D satiation nervosa

C anorexia nervosa

________ individuals experience emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals. A asexual B heterosexual C bisexual D homosexual

C bisexual

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The components of cognition are physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience. A change the word "physiological" to the word "neurotransmitter" B change the word "appraisal" to the word "arousal" C change the word "cognition" to the word "emotion" D change the word "subjective" to the word "objective"

C change the word "cognition" to the word "emotion"

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: physiological and social. A change the word "physiological" to the word "moods" B change the word "emotions" to the word "habits" C change the word "social" to the word "cognitive" D eliminate the word Schachter

C change the word "social" to the word "cognitive"

Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. In the following sentence, what is the motivation? Sheila wants to complete a marathon so she buys new running shoes and spends every day timing how long it takes her to run the high school track. A timing how long it takes to run the track B buying new running shoes C completing a marathon D running the high school track

C completing a marathon

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm? A retroactive period B plateau C refractory period D resolution

C refractory period

Transgender hormone therapy is ________. A a discredited therapy that attempts to change an individual's sexual orientation B experiencing emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals C the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex D designed to decrease the refractory period

C the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? a babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval b jerking your hand back from a hot burner c dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment D mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn because you believe it is the right thing to do

a babysitting your younger brother in order to receive your parents' approval

11. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale does not test for which of the following a. Emotional intelligence b. Verbal intelligence c. Working memory d. Understanding of concepts

a. Emotional intelligence

13. The statement "I am scared because my heart is racing" best fits which of the following theories of emotion? a. The James- Lange theory b. The facial feedback theory c. The cognitive appraisal theory d. Donald Trump's theory of emotion

a. The James- Lange theory

9. A person with damage to the prefrontal cortex would have difficulty with a. The Stroop task b. Spending money c. The sense of smell d. Understanding language

a. The Stroop task

8. IQ tests are successful at predicting academic achievemen a. True b. False

a. True

7. Relative to an individualistic culture, a collectivistic culture places more emphasis on a. Language b. Cooperation c. Autonomy d. The needs of the individual

b. Cooperation

3. If a person carries out a behavior to achieve an outcome that is separate from the person this is known as a. Intrinsic motivation b. Extrinsic motivation c. Drive-reduction theory d. Instinctual motivation

b. Extrinsic motivation

5. If calorie intake stays the same as the basal metabolic rate decreases, the weight set point a. Decreases b. Increases c. Stays the same d. Varies up and down

b. Increases

4. In the strictest sense, what is the incentive theory of motivation based on? a. Sensation and perception b. Learning theory c. Social conformity d. Internal unconscious forces

b. Learning theory

1. Which of the following questions would be most likely to produce divergent thinking? a. "What is a clothes hanger?" b. "How do you spell clothes hanger?" c. "How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?" d. "What does a clothes hanger typically look like?"

c. "How many uses can you think of for a clothes hanger?"

14. People with damage to their amygdala would show mostly inappropriate responses to a. A children's story b. An IQ test c. Fear-inducing stimuli d. Food

c. Fear-inducing stimuli

6. The following hormone is released on an empty stomach and stimulates appetite a. Insulin b. Leptin c. Ghrelin d. All of these hormones suppress appetite

c. Ghrelin

10. Relative to a patient with Wernicke's aphasia, a Broca's aphasia patient would be better able to a. Plan for the future b. Produce speech c. Understand language d. Both patients would be equally impaired on all of the above

c. Understand language

17. You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next? a. You experience physiological changes followed by fear. b. You feel fear followed by physiological changes. c. You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously. d) You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.

c. You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously.

2. What may be the best predictor of why some people do not excel in school but essentially succeed in their life and career choices? a. Cretinism B. Phonemes c. One's IQ d. Emotional intelligence

d. Emotional intelligence

12. Which of the following theories of emotion places the most emphasis on the importance of interpreting an event in order for an emotional response to occur?a. The facial feedback theory b. The James- Lange theory c. The Cannon-Bard theory d. The cognitive meditational theory

d. The cognitive meditational theory